无隔水管钻井U形管效应计算模型研究
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摘要
无隔水管钻井(RMR)在无钻柱阀的情况下停泵、接单根或起下钻会发生U形管效应。U形管效应增加了钻井非作业时间,且发生U形管效应期间井底压力变化复杂,钻井液池液面不断升高,影响溢流的准确判断。鉴于此,基于流体力学中的一元不稳定流动理论,结合RMR钻井工艺,详细推导了U形管效应的不稳定流动模型。根据该模型研究了U形管效应持续时间、钻杆内液面下降高度、液面流速和加速度、返出流量以及井底压力随时间的变化规律,也分析了影响U形管效应持续时间和井底压力变化的因素,同时还提出了RMR钻井存在零立压排量概念,该排量是钻柱内充满钻井液所必需的最小海面泵排量。研究结果表明:不同停泵排量都会快速下降到零立压排量,随后逐渐减小;零立压排量对于实现RMR安全钻井和水力参数优选都具有重大意义。研究结果可为认识RMR钻井U形管效应和缩短U形管效应持续时间提供理论依据。
The U-tubing effect would occur for the riserless mud recovery( RMR) drilling when stopping pump,making a connection or tripping without drillstring valve. The U-tubing effect increases the non-operating time,leading to complex bottomhole pressure variation. The resulted continuous pit gain would affect the timely prediction of kick occurrence. To address the problem,based on the one dimensional unsteady flow theory of fluid mechanics,combined with the drilling technology of RMR,the unsteady flow model of analyzing the U-tubing effect has been derived. Using the model,the duration of the U-tubing effect,descent height of drilling fluid level in the drillpipe,the fluid surface velocity and acceleration,return flow rate,and bottomhole pressure during U-tubing effect were studied. Moreover,the factors influencing the U-tubing effect duration and bottomhole pressure have been analyzed. In addition,a new concept of displacement of zero standpipe pressure( SPP) has been proposed,which is the minimum displacement to fill the drillstring. The results show that different pump stop displacements will quickly drop to displacement of zero SPP and then decrease gradually. The displacement of zero SPP is very important for safe RMR drilling and hydraulic parameters optimization. The results can provide theoretical basis for analysis of U-tubing effect of RMR drilling and shortening the duration of U-tubing effect.
The U-tubing effect would occur for the riserless mud recovery( RMR) drilling when stopping pump,making a connection or tripping without drillstring valve. The U-tubing effect increases the non-operating time,leading to complex bottomhole pressure variation. The resulted continuous pit gain would affect the timely prediction of kick occurrence. To address the problem,based on the one dimensional unsteady flow theory of fluid mechanics,combined with the drilling technology of RMR,the unsteady flow model of analyzing the U-tubing effect has been derived. Using the model,the duration of the U-tubing effect,descent height of drilling fluid level in the drillpipe,the fluid surface velocity and acceleration,return flow rate,and bottomhole pressure during U-tubing effect were studied. Moreover,the factors influencing the U-tubing effect duration and bottomhole pressure have been analyzed. In addition,a new concept of displacement of zero standpipe pressure( SPP) has been proposed,which is the minimum displacement to fill the drillstring. The results show that different pump stop displacements will quickly drop to displacement of zero SPP and then decrease gradually. The displacement of zero SPP is very important for safe RMR drilling and hydraulic parameters optimization. The results can provide theoretical basis for analysis of U-tubing effect of RMR drilling and shortening the duration of U-tubing effect.
引文
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[8]李基伟,柳贡慧,李军.双梯度钻井U形管效应溢流监测方法研究[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(1):19-22.LI J W,LIU G H,LI J.Study on kick detection methods during U-tubing effect in dual gradient drilling[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2016,39(1):19-22.
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[11]李基伟,柳贡慧,李军,等.深水海底举升钻井系统U形管效应研究[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):120-127.LI J W,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Study on the U-tubing effect in subsea mud-lift drilling systems in deep water[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):120-127.
[12]葛瑞一.无隔水管钻井泥浆举升系统设计与控制单元研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2013.GUO R Y.Study on riserless mud-lift drilling system design and control unit[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2013.
[13]彭齐,樊洪海,纪荣艺,等.无隔水管钻井技术临界排量分析[J].石油机械,2016,44(2):48-52.PENG Q,FAN H H,JI R Y,et al.Analysis on the critical displacement of riserless drilling technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(2):48-52.
[14]袁恩熙.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014.YUAN E X.Engineering fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.
[2]高本金,陈国明,殷志明,等.深水无隔水管钻井液回收钻井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(2):44-47.GAO B J,CHEN G M,YIN Z M,et al.Deepwater riserless mud recovery drilling technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(2):44-47.
[3]陈国明,殷志明,许亮斌,等.深水双梯度钻井技术研究进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):246-251.CHEN G M,YIN Z M,XU L B,et al.Review of deepwater dual gradient drilling technology[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(2):246-251.
[4]CHOE J.Analysis of riserless drilling and well-control hydraulics[J].SPE Drilling and Completion,1999,14(1):71-81.
[5]王显诚,舒中选,李静芬.用Eular方程分析注水泥“U”型管效应[J].石油钻探技术,1994,22(3):36-38.WANG X C,SHU Z X,LI J F.Analysis of the U-tubing effect during cementing design[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1994,22(3):36-38.
[6]CHOE J,SCHUBERT J J,JUVKAM-WOLD H C.Analyses and procedures for kick detection in subsea mudlift drilling[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2007,22(4):296-303.
[7]殷志明.新型深水双梯度钻井系统原理、方法及应用研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007.YIN Z M.New dual-gradient deepwater drilling systemsprinciple,method and application[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2007.
[8]李基伟,柳贡慧,李军.双梯度钻井U形管效应溢流监测方法研究[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(1):19-22.LI J W,LIU G H,LI J.Study on kick detection methods during U-tubing effect in dual gradient drilling[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2016,39(1):19-22.
[9]LI J W,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Modeling and analysis of unsteady flow behavior in deepwater controlled mud-cap drilling[J].Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2016,33(1):91-104.
[10]LI J W,LIU G H,LI J.Mathematical modeling of unsteady flow in controlled mud-cap drilling[J].Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,2016,52(1):111-118.
[11]李基伟,柳贡慧,李军,等.深水海底举升钻井系统U形管效应研究[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):120-127.LI J W,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Study on the U-tubing effect in subsea mud-lift drilling systems in deep water[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):120-127.
[12]葛瑞一.无隔水管钻井泥浆举升系统设计与控制单元研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2013.GUO R Y.Study on riserless mud-lift drilling system design and control unit[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2013.
[13]彭齐,樊洪海,纪荣艺,等.无隔水管钻井技术临界排量分析[J].石油机械,2016,44(2):48-52.PENG Q,FAN H H,JI R Y,et al.Analysis on the critical displacement of riserless drilling technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(2):48-52.
[14]袁恩熙.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014.YUAN E X.Engineering fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.