特高压直流输电线路差动保护改进方案
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摘要
提出一种差动保护改进方案,利用特定电压、电流数据与线路电阻三者间可等效转换的特定电气三角平衡关系,辅以积分算法具有的低通滤波效果,将线路两端突变量差流作为动作量,将线路两端电压突变量差与线路电阻之比作为制动量,构造改进判据.理论分析表明,当线路发生区外故障时,动作量明显小于制动量;线路内部故障时,动作量大于制动量,判据设置清晰、明确.该方案对采样频率要求不高、整定简洁、结果清晰且不受分布电容电流的影响.以我国±800 kV特高压工程为参照搭建仿真模型,设置3种典型故障对保护判据进行仿真验证.结果表明,所荐方案具有可靠性高、判别灵敏的特点,能准确、快速地识别区内、区外故障,具有较好的工程运用前景.
An improved scheme of differential protection was proposed, which utilized the relationship of equivalent electrical triangle balance among the specific voltage data, current data and line resistance, combined with the lowpass filtering effect of the integral algorithm. To construct improved criterion, the differential currents at both ends of the line was taken as the action amount, and the ratio of the difference of the voltage at both ends of the line to the line resistance was used as the braking amount. Theoretical analysis shows that, for external faults, the movement is significantly less than the brake; for internal faults, the movement is greater than the brake, the criterion can be set in a simple and clear way. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme is insensitive to the sampling frequency and independent of distributed capacitive current. The simulation model makes reference to a ±800 kV UHVDC in China. Three typical faults were set on the simulation model to prove correctness of the criterion. The simulation results show that the recommended scheme has the characteristics of high reliability and sensitivity, and can recognize the external or internal fault precisely and rapidly, and has good engineering application prospect.
An improved scheme of differential protection was proposed, which utilized the relationship of equivalent electrical triangle balance among the specific voltage data, current data and line resistance, combined with the lowpass filtering effect of the integral algorithm. To construct improved criterion, the differential currents at both ends of the line was taken as the action amount, and the ratio of the difference of the voltage at both ends of the line to the line resistance was used as the braking amount. Theoretical analysis shows that, for external faults, the movement is significantly less than the brake; for internal faults, the movement is greater than the brake, the criterion can be set in a simple and clear way. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme is insensitive to the sampling frequency and independent of distributed capacitive current. The simulation model makes reference to a ±800 kV UHVDC in China. Three typical faults were set on the simulation model to prove correctness of the criterion. The simulation results show that the recommended scheme has the characteristics of high reliability and sensitivity, and can recognize the external or internal fault precisely and rapidly, and has good engineering application prospect.
引文
[1]浙江大学发电教研组.直流输电[M].北京:电力工业出版社,1985:1-10.
[2]梁志峰,董昱,张智刚.2006-2012年国家电网公司直流输电系统强迫停运统计分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(6):1-5.LIANG Zhi-feng,DONG Yu,ZHANG Zhi-gang.Statistical analysis on forced outages of HVDCtransmission systems in State Grid Corporation of China from 2006 to 2012[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(6):1-5.
[3]高本锋,刘辛晔,张云晓,等.高压直流输电线路行波特性与保护定值整定[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):120-125.GAO Ben-feng,LIU Xin-ye,ZHANG Yun-xiao,et al.Characteristics and protection value setting of traveling wave on HVDC transmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):120-125.
[4]李爱民,蔡泽祥,李晓华,等.高压直流输电线路行波保护影响因素分析及改进[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(10):76-80.LI Ai-min,CAI Ze-xiang,LI Xiao-hua,et al.Analysis of influence factors and improvement of traveling wave protection for HVDC line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(10):76-80.
[5]高本锋,董沛毅,刘辛晔,等.高压直流输电线路微分欠压保护特性与定值整定[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2303-2311.GAO Ben-feng,DONG Pei-yi,LIU Xin-ye,et al.Research of HVDC transmission line differential under voltage protection characteristics and value setting[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(8):2303-2311.
[6]宋国兵,高淑萍,蔡新雷,等.高压直流输电线路继电保护技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):123-129.SONG Guo-bing,GAO Shu-ping,CAI Xin-lei,et al.Survey of relay protection technology for HVDCtransmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):123-129.
[7]刘琪,宋国兵.利用时域波形比对的高压直流输电线路电流差动保护[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):87-95.LIU Qi,SONG Guo-bing.A current differential protection using time domain wave form comparison for HVDC transmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):87-95.
[8]高淑萍,索南加乐,宋国兵,等.高压直流输电线路电流差动保护新原理[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(17):45-49.GAO Shu-ping,SUONAN Jia-le,SONG Guo-bing,et al.A new current differential protection principle for HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(17):45-49.
[9]郑晓冬.特高压直流输电线路保护新原理研究[D].上海交通大学,上海,2012.ZHENG Xiao-dong.Reasearch on novel protection schemes for UHVDC transmission line[D].Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012.
[10]邢鲁华,陈青,离湛军.基于电压和电流突变量方向的高压直流输电线路保护原理[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(6):107-113.XING Lu-hua,CHEN Qing,GAO Zhan-jun.A new protection principle for HVDC transmission lines based on direction of fault components of voltage and current[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(6):107-113.
[11]高淑萍,索南加乐,宋国兵,等.利用电流突变特性的高压直流输电线路纵联保护新原理[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(5):52-54.GAO Shu-ping,SUONAN Jia-le,SONG Guo-bing,et al.A new pilot protection principle for HVDCtransmission lines based on current fault component[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(5):52-54.
[12]马俊民,黄永瑞,何青连.±800 k V特高压直流输电系统谐波研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(21):33-37.MA Jun-min,HUANG Yong-rui,HE Qing-lian.Research on harmonics of±800 k V ultra high voltage direct current transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(21):33-37.
[13]王明磊,常湧.半周积分算法的几种改进算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(11):66-69.WANG Ming-lei,CHANG Yong.Some new algorithms of the half-cycle integral algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(11):66-69.
[14]张艳霞,马桦岩,李婷,等.基于Kaiser窗滤波的高压直流输电线路突变量功率保护[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):19-25.ZHANG Yan-xia,MA Hua-yan,LI Ting,et al.HVDC line protection based on the mutant power through Kaiser Window[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):19-25.
[15]夏经德,索南加乐,刘凯,等.基于各纵联阻抗原理的输电线纵联保护综述[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2011,45(10):1827-1835. XIA Jing-de,SUONAN Jia-le,LIU Kai,et al.Transmission line pilot protection summary based on principle of each pilot impedance[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2011,45(10):1827-1835.
[16]XIA J D,SUONAN J L,DENG X,et al.Enhanced transmission line pilot impedance and pilot protection[J].IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2011,5(12):1240-1249.
[17]杨亚宇,邰能灵,范春菊,等.基于计算电阻的高压直流输电线路纵联保护[J].高电压技术,2017,32(7):84-94.YANG Ya-yu,TAI Neng-ling,FAN Chun-ju,et al.Apilot protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on calculated resistance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,32(7):84-94.
[18]裴旵,王振,吕思颖,等.基于PSCAD的云广特高压直流输电系统仿真模型建立[J].广西电力,2015,38(4):14-17.PEI Chan,WANG Zhen,LV Si-ying,et al.Establishment of Yun-guang UHVDC system simulation model based on PSCAD[J].Guangxi Electric Power,2015,38(4):14-17.
[19]陈仕龙,束洪春,叶波.云广±800 k V特高压直流输电系统精确建模及仿真[J].昆明理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,37(2):43-48.CHEN Shi-long,SHU Hong-chun,YE Bo,et al.Accurate modeling and simulation of YunnanGuangdong±800 k V UHVDC transmission system[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2012,37(2):43-48.
[20]卜强生,宋亮亮,张道农,等.基于GPS对时的分散采样差动保护同步测试方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(22):149-153.BU Qiang-sheng,SONG Liang-liang,ZHANG Daonong,et al.Research on the test method of distributed sampling differential protection synchronization based on GPS time[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(22):149-153.
[21]李永丽,李仲青,李斌,等.超、特高压长线路光纤差保护数据同步[J].天津大学学报,2007,40(2):168-172.LI Yong-li,LI Zhong-qing,LI Bin,et al.synchronization for current differential protection based on optical fiber channel for EHV&UHV long transmission line[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2007,40(2):168-172.
[22]SUONAN J L,GAO S P,SONG G B,et al.A novel fault-location method for HVDC transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):1203-1209.
[2]梁志峰,董昱,张智刚.2006-2012年国家电网公司直流输电系统强迫停运统计分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(6):1-5.LIANG Zhi-feng,DONG Yu,ZHANG Zhi-gang.Statistical analysis on forced outages of HVDCtransmission systems in State Grid Corporation of China from 2006 to 2012[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(6):1-5.
[3]高本锋,刘辛晔,张云晓,等.高压直流输电线路行波特性与保护定值整定[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):120-125.GAO Ben-feng,LIU Xin-ye,ZHANG Yun-xiao,et al.Characteristics and protection value setting of traveling wave on HVDC transmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):120-125.
[4]李爱民,蔡泽祥,李晓华,等.高压直流输电线路行波保护影响因素分析及改进[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(10):76-80.LI Ai-min,CAI Ze-xiang,LI Xiao-hua,et al.Analysis of influence factors and improvement of traveling wave protection for HVDC line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(10):76-80.
[5]高本锋,董沛毅,刘辛晔,等.高压直流输电线路微分欠压保护特性与定值整定[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2303-2311.GAO Ben-feng,DONG Pei-yi,LIU Xin-ye,et al.Research of HVDC transmission line differential under voltage protection characteristics and value setting[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(8):2303-2311.
[6]宋国兵,高淑萍,蔡新雷,等.高压直流输电线路继电保护技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):123-129.SONG Guo-bing,GAO Shu-ping,CAI Xin-lei,et al.Survey of relay protection technology for HVDCtransmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):123-129.
[7]刘琪,宋国兵.利用时域波形比对的高压直流输电线路电流差动保护[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):87-95.LIU Qi,SONG Guo-bing.A current differential protection using time domain wave form comparison for HVDC transmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):87-95.
[8]高淑萍,索南加乐,宋国兵,等.高压直流输电线路电流差动保护新原理[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(17):45-49.GAO Shu-ping,SUONAN Jia-le,SONG Guo-bing,et al.A new current differential protection principle for HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(17):45-49.
[9]郑晓冬.特高压直流输电线路保护新原理研究[D].上海交通大学,上海,2012.ZHENG Xiao-dong.Reasearch on novel protection schemes for UHVDC transmission line[D].Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012.
[10]邢鲁华,陈青,离湛军.基于电压和电流突变量方向的高压直流输电线路保护原理[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(6):107-113.XING Lu-hua,CHEN Qing,GAO Zhan-jun.A new protection principle for HVDC transmission lines based on direction of fault components of voltage and current[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(6):107-113.
[11]高淑萍,索南加乐,宋国兵,等.利用电流突变特性的高压直流输电线路纵联保护新原理[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(5):52-54.GAO Shu-ping,SUONAN Jia-le,SONG Guo-bing,et al.A new pilot protection principle for HVDCtransmission lines based on current fault component[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(5):52-54.
[12]马俊民,黄永瑞,何青连.±800 k V特高压直流输电系统谐波研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(21):33-37.MA Jun-min,HUANG Yong-rui,HE Qing-lian.Research on harmonics of±800 k V ultra high voltage direct current transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(21):33-37.
[13]王明磊,常湧.半周积分算法的几种改进算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(11):66-69.WANG Ming-lei,CHANG Yong.Some new algorithms of the half-cycle integral algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(11):66-69.
[14]张艳霞,马桦岩,李婷,等.基于Kaiser窗滤波的高压直流输电线路突变量功率保护[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):19-25.ZHANG Yan-xia,MA Hua-yan,LI Ting,et al.HVDC line protection based on the mutant power through Kaiser Window[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):19-25.
[15]夏经德,索南加乐,刘凯,等.基于各纵联阻抗原理的输电线纵联保护综述[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2011,45(10):1827-1835. XIA Jing-de,SUONAN Jia-le,LIU Kai,et al.Transmission line pilot protection summary based on principle of each pilot impedance[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2011,45(10):1827-1835.
[16]XIA J D,SUONAN J L,DENG X,et al.Enhanced transmission line pilot impedance and pilot protection[J].IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2011,5(12):1240-1249.
[17]杨亚宇,邰能灵,范春菊,等.基于计算电阻的高压直流输电线路纵联保护[J].高电压技术,2017,32(7):84-94.YANG Ya-yu,TAI Neng-ling,FAN Chun-ju,et al.Apilot protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on calculated resistance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,32(7):84-94.
[18]裴旵,王振,吕思颖,等.基于PSCAD的云广特高压直流输电系统仿真模型建立[J].广西电力,2015,38(4):14-17.PEI Chan,WANG Zhen,LV Si-ying,et al.Establishment of Yun-guang UHVDC system simulation model based on PSCAD[J].Guangxi Electric Power,2015,38(4):14-17.
[19]陈仕龙,束洪春,叶波.云广±800 k V特高压直流输电系统精确建模及仿真[J].昆明理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,37(2):43-48.CHEN Shi-long,SHU Hong-chun,YE Bo,et al.Accurate modeling and simulation of YunnanGuangdong±800 k V UHVDC transmission system[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2012,37(2):43-48.
[20]卜强生,宋亮亮,张道农,等.基于GPS对时的分散采样差动保护同步测试方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(22):149-153.BU Qiang-sheng,SONG Liang-liang,ZHANG Daonong,et al.Research on the test method of distributed sampling differential protection synchronization based on GPS time[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(22):149-153.
[21]李永丽,李仲青,李斌,等.超、特高压长线路光纤差保护数据同步[J].天津大学学报,2007,40(2):168-172.LI Yong-li,LI Zhong-qing,LI Bin,et al.synchronization for current differential protection based on optical fiber channel for EHV&UHV long transmission line[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2007,40(2):168-172.
[22]SUONAN J L,GAO S P,SONG G B,et al.A novel fault-location method for HVDC transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):1203-1209.