遇水快速冷却与自然冷却对高温花岗岩物理性质影响实验研究
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摘要
干热岩开发、火灾后重建等高温岩石工程中,高温状态下的花岗岩会受到水的快速冷却作用。本文通过对实验组花岗岩(高温—遇水冷却试验)与对照组花岗岩(高温—自然冷却试验)物理性质的对比分析,揭示了遇水冷却与自然冷却这两种冷却方式对花岗岩物理性质的影响及其差异。主要结论如下:随温度升高,两组花岗岩均由灰白色逐渐转变为红棕色,自然冷却条件下的花岗岩红棕色更明显;两组花岗岩质量降低率均随加热温度的升高而增长,各温度点遇水冷却条件下的岩石质量损失率更低;两组花岗岩体积增长率的阈值温度为400℃,各温度点遇水冷却条件下的岩石体积增长率更高;两组花岗岩纵波速度与横波速度均随加热温度升高呈线性降低,遇水快速冷却条件下波速的损伤较自然冷却条件下小。
In high temperature rock engineering such as the dry hot rock development and the post fire reconstruction, the granite after high temperature will be rapidly cooled by water. In this paper, the physical properties of the granite in the experimental group(high temperature heating-water cooling tests) and the matched group of granite(high temperature heating-natural cooling tests) are compared and analyzed. The effects and difference of the two different cooling methods on the physical properties of the granite are revealed. The main conclusions are as follows: with the increase of temperature, the two groups of granite gradually change from gray to reddish brown, and the granite red brown under natural cooling condition is more obvious; the mass reduction rate of the two groups of granite increases with the increase of heating temperature, and the rock mass loss rate at different temperatures is lower under water cooling condition; the threshold temperature of volume growth rate of the two groups of granite is 400℃, and the volume growth rate of rock under water cooling condition is higher at each temperature point; the longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity of the two groups decrease linearly with the increase of heating temperature, and the damage of wave velocity under water fast cooling condition is smaller than that under natural cooling.
In high temperature rock engineering such as the dry hot rock development and the post fire reconstruction, the granite after high temperature will be rapidly cooled by water. In this paper, the physical properties of the granite in the experimental group(high temperature heating-water cooling tests) and the matched group of granite(high temperature heating-natural cooling tests) are compared and analyzed. The effects and difference of the two different cooling methods on the physical properties of the granite are revealed. The main conclusions are as follows: with the increase of temperature, the two groups of granite gradually change from gray to reddish brown, and the granite red brown under natural cooling condition is more obvious; the mass reduction rate of the two groups of granite increases with the increase of heating temperature, and the rock mass loss rate at different temperatures is lower under water cooling condition; the threshold temperature of volume growth rate of the two groups of granite is 400℃, and the volume growth rate of rock under water cooling condition is higher at each temperature point; the longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity of the two groups decrease linearly with the increase of heating temperature, and the damage of wave velocity under water fast cooling condition is smaller than that under natural cooling.
引文
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[9] 徐小丽, 高峰, 张志镇. 高温作用对花岗岩强度及变形特性的影响[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 38(4): 912～917.Xu Xiaoli, Gao Feng, Zhang Zhizhen. Influence of high temperature on strength and deformation of granite[J]. Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition), 2013, 38(4): 912～917. (in Chinese)
[10] 杨燕, 夏群科, 冯敏. 名义上无水矿物中“水”的原位变温红外光谱研究[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(2): 566～578.Yang Yan, Xia Qunke, Feng Min. In situ FTIR investigations on nominally anhydrous minerals at varying temperatures[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(2): 566～578. (in Chinese)
[11] 张晓, 张澄博, 郑文棠等. 微风化花岗岩动弹模取值研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2013,(5): 11～15.Zhang Xiao, Zhang Dengbo, Zheng Wentang et al. Study on dynamic elastic modulus evaluation of slightly weathered granite[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2013,(5): 11～15. (in Chinese)
[12] 徐晓斌, 秦晶晶, 高飞. 某核电站强风化花岗岩原位直剪试验研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2009,(12): 40～43.Xu Xiaobin, Qin Jingjing, Gao Fei. In-situ direct shear tests of highly weathered granite for certain number power station[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2009,(12): 40～43. (in Chinese)
[13] 中华人民共和国国家标准. 工程岩体试验方法标准 (GB/T 50266-2013)[S]. 北京:中国计划出版社, 2013.The State Standards of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for tests method of engineering rock masses (GB/T 50266-2013)[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2013. (in Chinese)
[14] 李胜荣, 许虹, 申俊峰等. 结晶学与矿物学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2008.Li Shengrong, Xu Hong, Shen Junfeng et al. Crystallography and mineralogy[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2008. (in Chinese)
[15] Hong Tian, Gang Mei, Guosheng Jiang et al. High-temperature influence on mechanical properties of diorite[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2017, 50(6): 1661～1666.
[2] 赵阳升, 万志军, 康建荣. 高温岩体地热开发导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004.Zhao Yangsheng, Wan Zhijun, Kang Jianrong. Introduction to geothermal extraction of hot dry rock [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2004. (in Chinese)
[3] 许天福, 张延军, 于子望等. 热干岩水力压裂实验室模拟研究[J]. 科技导报, 2015, 33(19): 35～39.Xu Tianfu, Zhang Yanjun, Yu Ziwang et al. Laboratory study of hydraulic fracturing on hot dry rock[J]. Science and Technology Review, 2015, 33(19): 35～39. (in Chinese)
[4] 张亚洲. 高温后砂岩与花岗岩力学和渗透性能的对比试验研究[D]. 厦门: 华侨大学, 2015, 50～60. Zhang Yazhou. Contrastive experimental study on mechanics and seepage characteristics of sandstone and granite after high temperature[D]. Xiamen: Huaqiao University, 2015, 50～60. (in Chinese)
[5] 杜守继, 马明, 陈浩华等. 花岗岩经历不同高温后纵波波速分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(11): 1803～1806.Du Shouji, Ma Ming, Chen Haohua et al. Testing study on longitudinal wave characteristics of granite after high temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2003, 22(11): 1803～1806. (in Chinese)
[6] 支乐鹏, 许金余, 刘志群等. 高温后花岗岩巴西劈裂抗拉实验及超声特性研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2012, 33(1): 61～66.Zhi Yuepeng, Xu Jinyu, Liu Zhiqun et al. Research on ultrasonic characteristics and Brazilian splitting-tensile test of granite under post-high temperature[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2012, 33(1): 61～66. (in Chinese)
[7] 张志镇, 高峰, 高亚楠等. 高温影响下花岗岩孔径分布的分形结构及模型[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(12): 2427～2438.Zhang Zhizhen, Gao Feng, Gao Yanan et al. Fractal structure and model of pore size distribution of granite under high temperatures [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(12): 2427～2438. (in Chinese)
[8] 赵阳升, 孟巧荣, 康天合等.显微CT试验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(1): 28～34.Zhao Yangsheng, Meng Qiaorong, Kang Tianhe et al. Micro-CT experimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturing characteristics of granite[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(1): 28～34. (in Chinese)
[9] 徐小丽, 高峰, 张志镇. 高温作用对花岗岩强度及变形特性的影响[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 38(4): 912～917.Xu Xiaoli, Gao Feng, Zhang Zhizhen. Influence of high temperature on strength and deformation of granite[J]. Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition), 2013, 38(4): 912～917. (in Chinese)
[10] 杨燕, 夏群科, 冯敏. 名义上无水矿物中“水”的原位变温红外光谱研究[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(2): 566～578.Yang Yan, Xia Qunke, Feng Min. In situ FTIR investigations on nominally anhydrous minerals at varying temperatures[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(2): 566～578. (in Chinese)
[11] 张晓, 张澄博, 郑文棠等. 微风化花岗岩动弹模取值研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2013,(5): 11～15.Zhang Xiao, Zhang Dengbo, Zheng Wentang et al. Study on dynamic elastic modulus evaluation of slightly weathered granite[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2013,(5): 11～15. (in Chinese)
[12] 徐晓斌, 秦晶晶, 高飞. 某核电站强风化花岗岩原位直剪试验研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2009,(12): 40～43.Xu Xiaobin, Qin Jingjing, Gao Fei. In-situ direct shear tests of highly weathered granite for certain number power station[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2009,(12): 40～43. (in Chinese)
[13] 中华人民共和国国家标准. 工程岩体试验方法标准 (GB/T 50266-2013)[S]. 北京:中国计划出版社, 2013.The State Standards of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for tests method of engineering rock masses (GB/T 50266-2013)[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2013. (in Chinese)
[14] 李胜荣, 许虹, 申俊峰等. 结晶学与矿物学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2008.Li Shengrong, Xu Hong, Shen Junfeng et al. Crystallography and mineralogy[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2008. (in Chinese)
[15] Hong Tian, Gang Mei, Guosheng Jiang et al. High-temperature influence on mechanical properties of diorite[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2017, 50(6): 1661～1666.