动力电池分散逻辑式均衡系统及其均衡策略研究
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摘要
研究了一种适合高压动力电池组的分散逻辑式均衡系统,并分析了该系统结构及其控制策略。在所提出的电池均衡系统中,整车电池组被划分为多个电池模组进行模块化分散管理。均衡变换器结合电池模组的电压信息,构造变参数下垂控制器,调节电池模组输入输出功率,实现电池模组的实时均衡。与此同时,均衡变换器还可以代替车内辅助铅酸蓄电池为车内低压设备供电,减小了车内电气单元的体积与成本。对均衡控制策略的稳定性进行了分析,对均衡变换器(双向双半桥变换器)进行了建模与设计,实验结果验证了均衡系统及均衡策略的可行性。
A decentralized logic equalization system suitable for high-voltage power battery packs is studied in this paper, and its structure and control strategy are given. In this system, the entire vehicle battery pack is divided into multiple battery modules for modular decentralized management. The equalization converter combines the voltage information of battery modules, constructs a variable parameter droop controller, and adjusts the input and output power of battery modules, thus realizing a real-time equalization. At the same time, the equalization converter can also replace the in-vehicle auxiliary lead-acid battery to supply power to the on-board low-voltage equipment, thereby reducing the volumes and costs of electrical units in the vehicle. The stability under the equalization control strategy is analyzed, and the model and design of the equalization converter, i.e., a bi-directional dual half-bridge(DHB) converter, are performed.Experimental results verified the feasibility of the equalization system and the equalization strategy.
A decentralized logic equalization system suitable for high-voltage power battery packs is studied in this paper, and its structure and control strategy are given. In this system, the entire vehicle battery pack is divided into multiple battery modules for modular decentralized management. The equalization converter combines the voltage information of battery modules, constructs a variable parameter droop controller, and adjusts the input and output power of battery modules, thus realizing a real-time equalization. At the same time, the equalization converter can also replace the in-vehicle auxiliary lead-acid battery to supply power to the on-board low-voltage equipment, thereby reducing the volumes and costs of electrical units in the vehicle. The stability under the equalization control strategy is analyzed, and the model and design of the equalization converter, i.e., a bi-directional dual half-bridge(DHB) converter, are performed.Experimental results verified the feasibility of the equalization system and the equalization strategy.
引文
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[12]陈美福,赵新,金新民,等.直流微网中复合储能装置的并联技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(S2):142-149.Chen Meifu,Zhao Xin,Jin Xinmin,et al.Research on parallel control strategy of hybrid energy storageunits in DCmicrogrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S2):142-149(in Chinese).
[13]黄桂根.直流微网自适应下垂均流技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Huang Guigen.Research on adaptive droop current-sharing technique for DC micro-grid[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang U-niversity,2016(in Chinese).
[14]Evzelman M,Ur Rehman M M,Hathaway K,et al.Active balancing system for electric vehicles with incorporated low-voltage bus[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(11):7887-7895.
[15]Li Hui,Peng Fangzheng,Lawler J S.A natural ZVS medium-power bidirectional DC-DC converter with minimum number of devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003,39(2):525-535.
[16]Peng Fangzheng,Li Hui,Su Guijia,et al.A new ZVS bidirectional DC-DC converter for fuel cell and battery application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(1):54-65.
[17]Liu Xiaohu,Li Hui,Wang Zhan.A fuel cell power conditioning system with low-frequency ripple-free input current using a control-oriented power pulsation decoupling strategy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(1):159-169.
[18]熊飞,吴俊勇,郝亮亮,等.隔离型双半桥DC-DC变换器的软开关特性[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):196-205.Xiong Fei,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang,et al.Soft switching characteristics of the dual-half-bridge DC-DC converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):196-205(in Chinese).
[2]李娜,白恺,陈豪,等.磷酸铁锂电池均衡技术综述[J].华北电力技术,2012(2):60-65.Li Na,Bai Kai,Chen Hao,et al.Summary of equalization for LiFePO4 li-ion batteries[J].North China Electric Power,2012(2):60-65(in Chinese).
[3]刘红锐,张昭怀.锂离子电池组充放电均衡器及均衡策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):186-192.Liu Hongrui,Zhang Zhaohuai.The equalizer of charging and discharging and the balancing strategies for lithiumion battery pack[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):186-192(in Chinese).
[4]吕航,刘承志.电动汽车磷酸铁锂电池组均衡电路设计[J].电源学报,2016,14(1):95-101.Lyu Hang,Liu Chengzhi.Design on balancing circuits for LiFePO4battery stacks in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016,14(1):95-101(in Chinese).
[5]李川,夏超英,刘红锐.基于开关矩阵拓扑的蓄电池组均衡控制策略[J].电源学报,2017,15(4):84-90.Li Chuan,Xia Chaoying,Liu Hongrui.A balanced strategy for the equalization of storage battery based on bridge switch topology[J].Journal of Power Supply,2017,15(4):84-90(in Chinese).
[6]马泽宇,姜久春,文锋,等.用于储能系统的梯次利用锂电池组均衡策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):106-111.Ma Zeyu,Jiang Jiuchun,Wen Feng,et al.Design of equilibrium strategy of echelon use Li-ion battery pack for energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(3):106-111(in Chinese).
[7]Kim M Y,Kim J W,Kim C H,et al.Automatic charge equalization circuit based on regulated voltage source for series connected lithium-ion batteries[C].8th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronic-ECCE Asia.Jeju,South Korea,2011:2248-2255.
[8]Kim C H,Kim M Y,Park H S,et al.A modularized two-stage charge equalizer with cell selection switches for series-connected lithium-ion battery string in an HEV[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.2012,27(8):3764-3774.
[9]熊永华,杨艳,李浩,等.基于SOC的锂动力电池多层双向自均衡方法[J].电子学报,2014,42(4):766-773.Xiong Yonghua,Yang Yan,Li Hao,et al.Multi-level Bi-directional active equalization method in lithium-ion power battery based on state-of-charge[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2014,42(4):766-773(in Chinese).
[10]Linear Technology.Bi-directional cell balancer using the LTC3300-1 and the LTC6804-2[DB/OL].http://www.linear.com/demo/DC2100A.
[11]Lu Xiaonan,Sun Kai,Guerrero J M,et al.State-of-charge balance using adaptive droop control for distributed energy storage systems in DC microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(6):2804-2815.
[12]陈美福,赵新,金新民,等.直流微网中复合储能装置的并联技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(S2):142-149.Chen Meifu,Zhao Xin,Jin Xinmin,et al.Research on parallel control strategy of hybrid energy storageunits in DCmicrogrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S2):142-149(in Chinese).
[13]黄桂根.直流微网自适应下垂均流技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Huang Guigen.Research on adaptive droop current-sharing technique for DC micro-grid[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang U-niversity,2016(in Chinese).
[14]Evzelman M,Ur Rehman M M,Hathaway K,et al.Active balancing system for electric vehicles with incorporated low-voltage bus[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(11):7887-7895.
[15]Li Hui,Peng Fangzheng,Lawler J S.A natural ZVS medium-power bidirectional DC-DC converter with minimum number of devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003,39(2):525-535.
[16]Peng Fangzheng,Li Hui,Su Guijia,et al.A new ZVS bidirectional DC-DC converter for fuel cell and battery application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(1):54-65.
[17]Liu Xiaohu,Li Hui,Wang Zhan.A fuel cell power conditioning system with low-frequency ripple-free input current using a control-oriented power pulsation decoupling strategy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(1):159-169.
[18]熊飞,吴俊勇,郝亮亮,等.隔离型双半桥DC-DC变换器的软开关特性[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):196-205.Xiong Fei,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang,et al.Soft switching characteristics of the dual-half-bridge DC-DC converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):196-205(in Chinese).