接种量对农牧业混合原料干发酵产气性能的影响
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摘要
为了更高效、环境友好化地利用甘肃省玉米秸秆和甘蓝尾菜等生物质资源,文章研究接种量对混合原料干发酵过程产气性能与启动速度的影响。试验在中温(37℃±1℃)TS为20%条件下,不同数量接种污泥与牛粪玉米秸秆或牛粪甘蓝菜叶混合后的干发酵过程,监测了接种量分别为20%,30%,40%时pH值、氨氮含量、日产气量、甲烷含量、累计产气量和累计产甲烷量等参数变化。结果表明:当接种污泥与牛粪玉米秸秆混合时,接种量40%的混合原料干发酵累计产气量最高,为207.46 L,平均甲烷含量52.2%,日最高产气量为11.76 L,日平均容积产气率为1.09 L·L~(-1);当接种污泥与牛粪甘蓝叶混合时,接种量为30%的混合原料干发酵累计产气量最高,为159.96 L,平均甲烷含量47.8%,日最高产气量为8.90 L,日平均容积产气率为0.84 L·L~(-1);除20%接种量与牛粪玉米秸秆混合试验组第3天才开始产气外,其余干发酵均在第1天就开始产气;由于接种污泥的缓冲作用,所有厌氧干发酵过程中氨氮含量一直低于1500 mg·L~(-1),没有发生厌氧反应被抑制的现象。混合原料恒温干发酵可以实现生物质资源更合理的应用。
In order to make more efficient and environmentally friendly use of biomass resources such as corn straw and cabbage leaves in Gansu province,the effect of inoculation amount on gas production performance and start-up speed in dry fermentation of mixed raw material were studied. The experiments were carried out under condition of 37℃±1℃, TS 20%, with different amount of inoculation of 20%,30%,40%,respectively. The changes of pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, daily gas production, methane content, cumulative gas production and cumulative methane production were monitored. The results showed that, when the corn straw and cow manure were mixed as raw materials, the 40% inoculation obtained the highest cumulative gas production(207.46 L), the average methane content was 52.2%, the maximum daily gas production was 11.76 L, and the daily average volumetric gas production was 1.09 L·L~(-1). When the cabbage leaves and cow manure as mixed raw materials, the 30% inoculation obtained, the highest cumulative gas production(159.96 L), the average methane content was 47.8%, the maximum daily gas production was 8.90 L and the average daily volumetric gas production was 0.84 L·L~(-1). Except the 20% inoculation group with cow manure and corn straw as mixed raw material started producing biogas on the third day, the other groups began to produce biogas on the first day. Due to the buffering effect of inoculation sludge, the ammonia nitrogen contents in all tested anaerobic dry fermentation were always lower than 1500 mg·L~(-1), and no inhibition was happened. So, the dry fermentation at constant temperature with mixed raw materials could realize more reasonable application for biomass resources.
In order to make more efficient and environmentally friendly use of biomass resources such as corn straw and cabbage leaves in Gansu province,the effect of inoculation amount on gas production performance and start-up speed in dry fermentation of mixed raw material were studied. The experiments were carried out under condition of 37℃±1℃, TS 20%, with different amount of inoculation of 20%,30%,40%,respectively. The changes of pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, daily gas production, methane content, cumulative gas production and cumulative methane production were monitored. The results showed that, when the corn straw and cow manure were mixed as raw materials, the 40% inoculation obtained the highest cumulative gas production(207.46 L), the average methane content was 52.2%, the maximum daily gas production was 11.76 L, and the daily average volumetric gas production was 1.09 L·L~(-1). When the cabbage leaves and cow manure as mixed raw materials, the 30% inoculation obtained, the highest cumulative gas production(159.96 L), the average methane content was 47.8%, the maximum daily gas production was 8.90 L and the average daily volumetric gas production was 0.84 L·L~(-1). Except the 20% inoculation group with cow manure and corn straw as mixed raw material started producing biogas on the third day, the other groups began to produce biogas on the first day. Due to the buffering effect of inoculation sludge, the ammonia nitrogen contents in all tested anaerobic dry fermentation were always lower than 1500 mg·L~(-1), and no inhibition was happened. So, the dry fermentation at constant temperature with mixed raw materials could realize more reasonable application for biomass resources.
引文
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[15] 董晓莹, 闫昌国, 王演,等.半连续两相厌氧发酵工艺处理蔬菜废弃物产沼气研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(04): 988-993.
[16] 刘荣厚, 王远远, 孙辰,等.蔬菜废弃物厌氧发酵制取沼气的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(04):209-213.
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[19] Wujcik W J, Jewell W J.Dry anaerobic fermentation[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium,1980,45(10):84-89.
[20] 刘荣厚, 王远远, 孙辰.温度对蔬菜废弃物沼气发酵产气特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(09):116-121.
[21] 周孟津,张榕林,蔺金印.沼气实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[2] 梁芳,包先斌,王海洋, 等. 国内外干式厌氧发酵技术与工程现状[J].中国沼气,2013,31(03):44-49.
[3] Angelonidi E, Smith S R.A comparison of wet and dry anaerobic digestion processes for the treatment of municipal solid waste and food waste[J].Water Environment Journal, 2015, 29(4): 549-557.
[4] Yang T, Li, Gao J, et al.Performance of dry anaerobic technology in the co-digestion of rural organic solid wastes in China[J].Energy,2015,93(2): 2497-2502.
[5] Li K, Liu R H, Chen S.A review of methane production from agricultural residues in China[J].Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54: 857-865.
[6] 李继红, 杨世关, 郑正,等.玉米秸秆与土豆混合厌氧发酵试验研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(10): 1308-1312.
[7] Rahman M A, M?ller H B, Saha C K, et al.Optimal ratio for anaerobic co-digestion of poultry droppings and lignocellulosic-rich substrates for enhanced biogas production[J].Energy for Sustainable Development,2017,39: 59-66.
[8] 高健,袁海荣,邹德勋,等.鸡粪与NaOH预处理麦秸联合厌氧发酵产气性能与协同效果研究[J].可再生能源,2012,30(07):98-103.
[9] 李文哲, 徐名汉, 罗立娜.不同接种量对稻秆厌氧发酵特性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(11):55-60.
[10] Capson-Tojo G, Trably E,Rouez M, et al.Dry anaerobic digestion of food waste and cardboard at different substrate loads, solid contents and co-digestion proportions[J].Bioresource Technology,2017, 233:166-175.
[11] 张艳,汪建旭,冯炜弘, 等.娃娃菜废弃物厌氧发酵制取沼气的小试和中试[J].中国沼气,2015,33(05):54-59.
[12] 魏珞宇,李淑兰,刘刚金, 等.不同配比牛粪与作物秸秆混合发酵的产气潜力研究[J].中国沼气,2013,31(03):34-43.
[13] 季艳敏, 杨改河, 尹冬雪, 等.不同预处理方法对麦秆厌氧消化产气特性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(05):149-156.
[14] 夏禹周,李海红,李红艳,等.复合菌剂预处理玉米秸秆及厌氧发酵产沼气[J].陕西科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,32(04):114-119.
[15] 董晓莹, 闫昌国, 王演,等.半连续两相厌氧发酵工艺处理蔬菜废弃物产沼气研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(04): 988-993.
[16] 刘荣厚, 王远远, 孙辰,等.蔬菜废弃物厌氧发酵制取沼气的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(04):209-213.
[17] Wu Q L, Guo W Q, Zheng H S, et al.Enhancement of volatile fatty acid production by co-fermentation of food waste and excess sludge without pH control: The mechanism and microbial community analyses[J].Bioresource technology,2016,21: 653-660.
[18] 何仕均, 王建龙, 赵璇.氨氮对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45 (09):1294-1296.
[19] Wujcik W J, Jewell W J.Dry anaerobic fermentation[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium,1980,45(10):84-89.
[20] 刘荣厚, 王远远, 孙辰.温度对蔬菜废弃物沼气发酵产气特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(09):116-121.
[21] 周孟津,张榕林,蔺金印.沼气实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.