高地温对隧道岩爆发生的影响性研究
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摘要
新建拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道高地应力、高地温隧道开挖过程中岩爆灾害突出。考虑开挖卸荷与温降共同耦合作用,对隧道开挖过程中不同温度时洞周应力释放过程进行数值模拟,同时对隧道开挖后的二次应力进行现场实测,就高地温对隧道洞周应力的影响进行了比较分析,最后就不同岩爆判据下高地温对岩爆发生的影响性进行了讨论。研究结果表明,采用应力释放率和温降指标反映开挖卸荷与温降共同耦合作用能合理描述高地应力高地温段开挖过程中的应力特征和岩爆发生规律。当温降超过55℃,应力释放率大于40%以后,σ_θ及σ_1量值随应力释放率增大而线性增长,当应力释放率达到100%时达到最大,不同位置洞周应力拱脚处增长最快,拱顶次之,其他位置较低。在开挖中受高地温影响岩爆发生时间提前,岩爆发生等级亦不断增加。
Due to the existence of high geostress and high geotemperature, the rockburst disaster is highly possible during the excavation of the newly-built Sangzhuling tunnel in the lasa-Nyingchi project. According to the unloading-temperature drop coupling action, the numerical model was conducted to simulate the stress release process during the tunnel excavation at different temperatures. At the same time, the secondary stress field was measured on site. The influence of high geotemperature on the circumferential stress was comparatively analyzed. Finally, the effect of high geotemperature on rockburst occurrence was discussed by considering different criteria. The results show that the indices of stress release rate and large temperature drop are used to reflect the excavation unloading-temperature drop coupling function, which can reasonably describe stress characteristics and rockburst occurrence law under high-geostress and high geotemperature in the excavation process. When the temperature drop exceeds 55 ℃ and the stress release coefficient is greater than 40%, σ_θ and σ_1 linearly increase with the increase of stress release coefficient. The σ_θ and σ_1 achieve maximum values when the stress release rate reaches 100%. It is found that the stress at the arch foot increases fastest, following at the vault. With the increase of the stress release coefficient, the rockburst occurs earlier due to the high geotemperature, and the grade of rock burst also increases.
Due to the existence of high geostress and high geotemperature, the rockburst disaster is highly possible during the excavation of the newly-built Sangzhuling tunnel in the lasa-Nyingchi project. According to the unloading-temperature drop coupling action, the numerical model was conducted to simulate the stress release process during the tunnel excavation at different temperatures. At the same time, the secondary stress field was measured on site. The influence of high geotemperature on the circumferential stress was comparatively analyzed. Finally, the effect of high geotemperature on rockburst occurrence was discussed by considering different criteria. The results show that the indices of stress release rate and large temperature drop are used to reflect the excavation unloading-temperature drop coupling function, which can reasonably describe stress characteristics and rockburst occurrence law under high-geostress and high geotemperature in the excavation process. When the temperature drop exceeds 55 ℃ and the stress release coefficient is greater than 40%, σ_θ and σ_1 linearly increase with the increase of stress release coefficient. The σ_θ and σ_1 achieve maximum values when the stress release rate reaches 100%. It is found that the stress at the arch foot increases fastest, following at the vault. With the increase of the stress release coefficient, the rockburst occurs earlier due to the high geotemperature, and the grade of rock burst also increases.
引文
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[16]ORTLEPP W D,STACEY T R.Rockburst mechanisms in tunnels and shafts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1994,9(1):59-65.
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[18]杨友彬,郑俊杰,赖汉江,等.一种改进的隧道开挖应力释放率确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2251-2257.YANG You-bin,ZHENG Jun-jie,LAI Han-jiang,et al.Arevised method for calculating stress release ratio in tunnel excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2251-2257.
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[21]彭祝,王元汉.Griffith理论与岩爆的判别准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增刊1):491―495.PENG Zhu,WANG Yuan-han.Griffih theory and the criteria of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(Suppl.1):491―495.
[22]徐林生,王兰生,李永林.岩爆形成机制与判据研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(3):300-303.XU Lin-sheng,WANG Lan-sheng,LI Yong-lin.Study of mechanism and judgment of rockbursts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(3):300-303.
[2]PETER K,KAISER,CAI MING.Design of rock support system under rockburst condition[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,4(3):215-227.
[3]汪波,何川,吴德兴.深埋特长隧道岩爆预测研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009,3(11):45-50.WANG Bo,HE Chuan,WU De-xing.research on the prediction of rock burst for deep-burying long tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009,3(11):45-50.
[4]ORTLEPP W D,STACEY T R.Rockburst mechanisms in tunnels and shafts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1994,9(1):59-65.
[5]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433-444.FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,MING Hua-jun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockburst in deep tunnel:Immediate rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):433-444.
[6]张静华,王靖涛,赵爱国.高温下花岗岩断裂特性的研究[J].岩土力学,1987,8(4):11-16.ZHANG Jing-hua,WANG Jing-tao,ZHAO Ai-guo.Fracture properties of granite at high temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1987,8(4):11-16.
[7]DWIVEDI R D,GOEL R K,PRASAD V R.Thermomechanical properties of Indian and other granites[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(3):303-315.
[8]郤保平,赵阳升.高温高压下花岗岩中钻孔围岩的热物理及力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1245-1253.XI Bao-ping,ZHAO Yang-sheng.Experimental study of thermo-physico-mechanical property of drilling surrounding rock in granite under high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1245-1253.
[9]刘泉声,许锡昌.温度作用下脆性岩石的损伤分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):408-411.LIU Quan-sheng,XU Xi-chang.The analysis of damage of brittle rock under temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):408-411.
[10]陈国庆,李天斌,张岩,等.花岗岩隧道脆性破坏的温度效应研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(12):3513-3519.CHEN Guo-qing,LI Tian-bin,ZHANG Yan,et al.Thermal effect of brittle failure for granite tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(12):3513-3519.
[11]左建平,谢和平,周宏伟.温度压力耦合作用下的岩石屈服破坏研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2917-2921.ZUO Jian-ping,XIE He-ping,ZHOU Hong-wei.Study on failure behavior of rock under coupling effects of temperature and confining pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2917-2921.
[12]李天斌,高美奔,陈国庆.硬脆性岩石热-力-损伤本构模型及其初步运用[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(8):1477-1484.LI Tian-bin,GAO Mei-ben,CHEN Guo-qing.A thermal damage constitutive model for hard brittle rocks and its preliminary application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(8):1477-1484.
[13]谢卫红,李顺才,高峰.岩石热损伤-力耦合能量破坏准则研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2007,27(3):341-346.XIE Wei-hong,LI Shun-cai,GAO Feng.Energy fracture criterion of thermal damage-mechanical coupling[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2007,27(3):341-346.
[14]WANNE T S,YOUNG R P.Bonded-particle modeling of thermally fractured granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):789-799.
[15]苏承东,韦四江,秦本东,等.高温对细砂岩力学性质影响机制的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(3):623-630.SU Cheng-dong,WEI Si-jiang,QIN Ben-dong,et al.Experimental study of influence mechanism of high temperature on mechanical properties of fine-grained sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(3):623-630.
[16]ORTLEPP W D,STACEY T R.Rockburst mechanisms in tunnels and shafts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1994,9(1):59-65.
[17]宋凯.西藏沃卡温泉形成条件及对隧道工程影响研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.SONG Kai.Formed conditions of hot springs in Tibet Voca and impact studies on the tunnel project[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.
[18]杨友彬,郑俊杰,赖汉江,等.一种改进的隧道开挖应力释放率确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2251-2257.YANG You-bin,ZHENG Jun-jie,LAI Han-jiang,et al.Arevised method for calculating stress release ratio in tunnel excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2251-2257.
[19]RUSSENES B F.Analysis of rockburst in tunnels in valley sides(In Norwegian)[M].Trondheim:Norwegian Institute of Technology,1974:247.
[20]陶振宇.高地应力区的岩爆及其判别[J].人民长江,1987(5):25-32.TAO Zhen-yu.Rockburst and its criterion in highly geostress zone[J].Yangtze River,1987(5):25-32.
[21]彭祝,王元汉.Griffith理论与岩爆的判别准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增刊1):491―495.PENG Zhu,WANG Yuan-han.Griffih theory and the criteria of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(Suppl.1):491―495.
[22]徐林生,王兰生,李永林.岩爆形成机制与判据研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(3):300-303.XU Lin-sheng,WANG Lan-sheng,LI Yong-lin.Study of mechanism and judgment of rockbursts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(3):300-303.