动态偏航过程中风轮非定常气动特性研究
|
摘要
风向的非定常变化导致风轮的持续对风,产生交变载荷,影响风力机的高效稳定运行。为研究偏航过中风轮的动态气动特性,本文基于计算流体力学方法(CFD),对NREL Phase VI风力机进行了30°偏航角范围稳态和动态偏航气动特性模拟。分析了不同计算工况下风轮的功率、推力系数,得到了叶片沿展向各截面气动力系数载荷和有效攻角的变化规律。稳态偏航工况下,通过实验和动量叶素理论(BEM)、自由涡尾迹模拟结果对比,计算功率值和实验值吻合较好,验证了当前模拟的合理性。分析结果表明:动态偏航开始阶段,由于迟滞效应,风轮的载荷出现短暂的上升,风轮整体载荷随着偏航角增加而减小。随着风轮姿态动态偏转,旋转方向上附加的速度分量变化更大,使得风轮偏航过程中气动力系数比稳态偏航角下的波动增加。
The unsteadiness of the wind velocity direction causes the continuous change of the wind turbine attitude, resulting in an alternative load and affecting the efficiency and safe operation of wind turbine. To investigate the dynamic aerodynamic characteristics in yawing process, the paper study the aerodynamic characters of NREL Phase VI in the yawed and yawing process among 30 degree by computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The wind rotor power and thrust coefficients are analyzed at different stable and transient yaw, and aerodynamic performance and angle of attack distribution are gained at the different span-wise sections. In comparison with the result of experiment, blade element momentum and free vortex wake method, the computed power coefficient agrees well with the measure result, and validate the current numerical simulation. The results show that: at the beginning of the dynamic yaw, the wind rotor load is risen briefly due to stagnation. The wind rotor load decreases with the increase of yaw angle. In the dynamic yaw, additional higher velocity component along the rotational direction, leading to the more fluctuate of the aerodynamic coefficients than that of the stable yaw.
The unsteadiness of the wind velocity direction causes the continuous change of the wind turbine attitude, resulting in an alternative load and affecting the efficiency and safe operation of wind turbine. To investigate the dynamic aerodynamic characteristics in yawing process, the paper study the aerodynamic characters of NREL Phase VI in the yawed and yawing process among 30 degree by computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The wind rotor power and thrust coefficients are analyzed at different stable and transient yaw, and aerodynamic performance and angle of attack distribution are gained at the different span-wise sections. In comparison with the result of experiment, blade element momentum and free vortex wake method, the computed power coefficient agrees well with the measure result, and validate the current numerical simulation. The results show that: at the beginning of the dynamic yaw, the wind rotor load is risen briefly due to stagnation. The wind rotor load decreases with the increase of yaw angle. In the dynamic yaw, additional higher velocity component along the rotational direction, leading to the more fluctuate of the aerodynamic coefficients than that of the stable yaw.
引文
[1] Hand M M, Simms D A, Fingersh L J et al. Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment Phase VI:Wind Tunnel Test Configurations and Available Data Campaigns[R].NREL/TP-500-29955, 2001
[2] Snel H, ScIepers J G, Montgomerie B. The MEXICO Project(Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions),the Database and First Results of Data Processing and Interpretation[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series2007, 75:012014
[3] Sant T. Improving BEM-based Aerodynamic Models in Wind Turbine Design Codes[D]. Delft University-Wind Energy Institute, 2007
[4]洪泽东.偏航工况风力机空气动力特性研究[D].扬州大学,2014HONG Zedong.Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics for Wind Turbine Under yaw Condition[D]. Yangzhou University, 2014
[5]叶昭良,王晓东,康顺.水平轴风力机偏航气动性能分析[J].工程热物理学报,2018, 39(O5):985-991YE Zhaoliang, WANG XiaoDong, KANG Shun. Aerodynamic Characteristic Analysis of Horizontal Axial Wind Turbine Under Yaw[J]. Journal of Engineering Tneioph1sics,2018, 39(05):985-991
[6]李得银,张立新,汪建文,喻涛涛,吕成.偏航对水平轴风力机尾迹的影响[J].可再生能源,2018, 36(01):105-110LI Deyin, ZHANG Liru, WANG Jianqwen, et al. Effect on the wake of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Turbine Under Yaw Condition[J]. Renewable Energty Resources.2018, 36(01):105-110
[7] DAI Liping, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Yuwen, et al. Analysis of Wind Turbine Bladea Aeroelastic Performance Under yaw Conditions[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2017, 171:273-287
[8] QIU Yongxing, WANG Xiaodong, KANG Shun, et al.Predictions of Unsteady HAWT Aerodynamics in Yawing and Pitching Using the Free Vortex Method[J]. Renewable Energy, 2014, 70:93-106
[9] Leble V, Barakos G. 10-MW Wind Turbine Performanc,Under Pitching and Yawing Motior[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2017, 139:41003
[10]范忠瑶.风力机定常与非定常气动何题的数值模拟研究[D].华北电力大学(北京),2011FAN Zhongyao. Numerical Simulations of Steady and Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines[D]. North China Electric Power University, 2010
[11] Micallef D, Sant, T. Wind Turbines-Design, Control and Applications[M]//A Review of Wind Turbine Yaw Aerodynamics. InTech, 2016:27-53
[2] Snel H, ScIepers J G, Montgomerie B. The MEXICO Project(Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions),the Database and First Results of Data Processing and Interpretation[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series2007, 75:012014
[3] Sant T. Improving BEM-based Aerodynamic Models in Wind Turbine Design Codes[D]. Delft University-Wind Energy Institute, 2007
[4]洪泽东.偏航工况风力机空气动力特性研究[D].扬州大学,2014HONG Zedong.Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics for Wind Turbine Under yaw Condition[D]. Yangzhou University, 2014
[5]叶昭良,王晓东,康顺.水平轴风力机偏航气动性能分析[J].工程热物理学报,2018, 39(O5):985-991YE Zhaoliang, WANG XiaoDong, KANG Shun. Aerodynamic Characteristic Analysis of Horizontal Axial Wind Turbine Under Yaw[J]. Journal of Engineering Tneioph1sics,2018, 39(05):985-991
[6]李得银,张立新,汪建文,喻涛涛,吕成.偏航对水平轴风力机尾迹的影响[J].可再生能源,2018, 36(01):105-110LI Deyin, ZHANG Liru, WANG Jianqwen, et al. Effect on the wake of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Turbine Under Yaw Condition[J]. Renewable Energty Resources.2018, 36(01):105-110
[7] DAI Liping, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Yuwen, et al. Analysis of Wind Turbine Bladea Aeroelastic Performance Under yaw Conditions[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2017, 171:273-287
[8] QIU Yongxing, WANG Xiaodong, KANG Shun, et al.Predictions of Unsteady HAWT Aerodynamics in Yawing and Pitching Using the Free Vortex Method[J]. Renewable Energy, 2014, 70:93-106
[9] Leble V, Barakos G. 10-MW Wind Turbine Performanc,Under Pitching and Yawing Motior[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2017, 139:41003
[10]范忠瑶.风力机定常与非定常气动何题的数值模拟研究[D].华北电力大学(北京),2011FAN Zhongyao. Numerical Simulations of Steady and Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines[D]. North China Electric Power University, 2010
[11] Micallef D, Sant, T. Wind Turbines-Design, Control and Applications[M]//A Review of Wind Turbine Yaw Aerodynamics. InTech, 2016:27-53