高速铁路对中国资源型城市区位的影响
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摘要
资源型城市区位偏远被认为是制约资源型城市转型和可持续发展的重要因素。随着高速铁路的迅速发展,资源型城市的区位条件是否得到改善?以国务院确定的126个地级资源型城市为研究对象,以资源型城市所在省的省会城市和与资源型城市联系紧密的北京、上海、广州三个区域中心城市为参照对象,利用时间距离的计算方法,对高速铁路(D车、G车)对资源型城市区位的影响进行分类型和分地区的评价。研究表明:(1)总体上看,高速铁路恶化了资源型城市的区位。相对于D车,G车的影响更显著;(2)D车和G车对资源型城市区位的影响具有一致性,在一定程度上说明D车和G车在空间布局上具有重叠性;(3)分资源类型看,成熟型资源型城市既是区位改善最明显的城市,也是区位恶化最明显的城市;(4)分地区看,中部地区的资源型城市区位改善最明显,西部地区的资源型城市区位恶化最明显。在此基础上,进一步提出政策启示。
The remote location of resource-based cities is considered to be an important factor restricting the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities. With the rapid development of high-speed rail, has the location of resource-based cities been improved?In this paper, with the State Council identifying 126 resources-based cities as the case cities,taking the provincial capital cities of resources-based cities located in these provinces and three regional central cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou which are closely linked to resources-based cities as the reference objects, using the calculation method of time distance,the location of resources-based cities was evaluated among different development types and different regions. The research shows that:(1) From the perspective of overall sample, due to the impact of high-speed railway, the location of resource-based cities has deteriorated.Compared with D-series trains, the impact of G-series trains is even more pronounced.(2) Dseries trains and G-series trains have a consistent effect on the locations of resource-based cities. To a certain extent, D-series trains and G-series trains have an overlapping layout in spatial distribution.(3) From the perspective of resource types, the mature resource-based cities are not only the cities with the most obvious improvements of locations, but also the cities with the most obvious deterioration of locations.(4) From the perspective of different regions, the central region is the region with the most obvious improvement of locations, and the western region is the region with the most obvious deterioration of locations.
The remote location of resource-based cities is considered to be an important factor restricting the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities. With the rapid development of high-speed rail, has the location of resource-based cities been improved?In this paper, with the State Council identifying 126 resources-based cities as the case cities,taking the provincial capital cities of resources-based cities located in these provinces and three regional central cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou which are closely linked to resources-based cities as the reference objects, using the calculation method of time distance,the location of resources-based cities was evaluated among different development types and different regions. The research shows that:(1) From the perspective of overall sample, due to the impact of high-speed railway, the location of resource-based cities has deteriorated.Compared with D-series trains, the impact of G-series trains is even more pronounced.(2) Dseries trains and G-series trains have a consistent effect on the locations of resource-based cities. To a certain extent, D-series trains and G-series trains have an overlapping layout in spatial distribution.(3) From the perspective of resource types, the mature resource-based cities are not only the cities with the most obvious improvements of locations, but also the cities with the most obvious deterioration of locations.(4) From the perspective of different regions, the central region is the region with the most obvious improvement of locations, and the western region is the region with the most obvious deterioration of locations.
引文
[1]孙威,李洪省.中国资源枯竭城市的区位条件辨析.地理学报, 2013, 68(2):199-208.[SUN W, LI H S. Quantifying location condition of resources-exhausted cities in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(2):199-208.]
[2]朱训.矿业城市的可持续发展是振兴东北老工业基地的基础.资源-产业, 2004, 6(5):1-4.[ZHU X. The sustainable development of the mining city as the basis to vigorouly develop old industrial base in Northeast China. Resources&Industries, 2004, 6(5):1-4.]
[3]刘随臣,袁国华,胡小平.矿业城市发展问题研究.中国地质矿产经济, 1996,(5):16-20.[LIU S C, YUAN G H, HU X P. A study on the development of mining cities and mineral prospecting industry. China Geology&Mining Economics,1996,(5):16-20.]
[4] JIA S M, ZHOU C Y, QIN C L. No difference in effect of high-speed rail on regional economic growth based on match effect perspective?. Transportation Research Part A, 2017, 106:144-157.
[5] CHEN Z H, HAYNES K E. Impact of high-speed rail on regional economic disparity in China. Journal of Transport Geography, 2017, 65:80-91.
[6] CHENG Y S, LOO B P Y, VICKEMAN R. High-speed rail networks, economic integration and regional specialization in China and Europe. Travel Behaviour and Society, 2015, 2(1):1-14.
[7]张学良,聂清凯.高速铁路建设与中国区域经济一体化发展.现代城市研究, 2010,(6):7-10.[ZHANG X L, NIE Q K. High-speed rail construction and the regional economic integration in China. Modern Urban Research, 2010,(6):7-10.]
[8]王垚,年猛.高速铁路带动了区域经济发展吗?.上海经济研究, 2017,(2):82-91.[WANG Y, NIAN M. Did high-speed trains promote the development of regional economy?. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2017,(2):82-91.]
[9] COTO-MILLAN P, INGLADA V, REY B. Effects of network economics in high-speed rail:The Spanish case. Annals of Regional Science, 2007, 41(4):911-925.
[10]刘莉文,张明.高速铁路对中国城市可达性和区域经济的影响.国际城市规划, 2017, 32(4):76-81.[LIU L W,ZHANG M. The impacts of high-speed rail on accessibility and regional economy in China. Urban Planning International, 2017, 32(4):76-81.]
[11] VICKERMAN R. High-speed rail and regional development:The case of intermediate stations. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 42:157-165.
[12]王姣娥,焦敬娟,金凤君.高速铁路对中国城市空间相互作用强度的影响.地理学报, 2014, 69(12):1833-1846.[WANG J E, JIAO J J, JIN F G. Spatial effects of high-speed rails on interurban economic linkages in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(12):1833-1946.]
[13]邓涛涛,王丹丹,程少勇.高速铁路对城市服务业集聚的影响.财经研究, 2017, 43(7):119-132.[DENG T T, WANG D D, CHENG S Y. The impact of high speed railway on urban service industry agglomeration. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2017, 43(7):119-132.]
[14]倪维秋,廖茂林.高速铁路对中国省会城市旅游经济联系的空间影响.中国人口·资源与环境, 2018, 28(3):160-168.[NI W Q, LIAO M L. Spatial influence of high-speed rails on the tourism economic connection of provincial cities in China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018, 28(3):160-168]
[15]汪德根.武广高速铁路对湖北省区域旅游空间格局的影响.地理研究, 2013, 32(8):1555-1564.[WANG D G. The impact of Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR on regional tourism spatial pattern in Hubei province. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(8):1555-1564.]
[16]王姣娥,丁金学.高速铁路对中国城市空间结构的影响研究.国际城市规划, 2011, 26(6):49-54.[WANG J E, DING J X. High-speed rail and its impacts on the urban spatial structure of China. Urban Planning International, 2011, 26(6):49-54.]
[17]陈建军,郑广建,刘月.高速铁路对长江三角洲空间联系格局演化的影响.经济地理, 2014, 34(8):54-60.[CHEN J J,ZHENG G J, LIU Y. The spatial connection evaluation of Yangtze River Delta with the high-speed rail. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(8):54-60.]
[18]陶卓霖,杨晓梦,梁进社.高速铁路对长三角地区陆路可达性的影响.经济地理, 2016, 36(8):40-45.[TAO Z L,YANG X M, LIANG J S. Impact of high-speed rail on land transportation accessibility of Yangtze River Delta. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(8):40-45.]
[19]赵丹,张京祥.高速铁路影响下的长三角城市群通达度空间格局演变.长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(4):391-398.[ZHAO D, ZHANG J X. Research into spatial pattern changes of Yangtze River Delta's accessibility under the impact of high-speed railway. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(4):391-398.]
[20] JIN F J, JIAO J J, QI Y J. Evolution and geographic effects of high-speed rail in East Asia:An accessibility approach.Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(5):515-532.
[21] WANG L H, LIU Y X, SUN C. Accessibility impact of the present and future high-speed rail network:A case study of Jiangsu province, China. Journal of Transport Geography, 2016, 54:161-172.
[22]贺剑锋.关于中国高速铁路可达性的研究:以长三角为例.国际城市规划, 2011, 26(6):55-62.[HE J F. A study on the accessibility of high-speed rail in China:A case of Yangtze River Delta. Urban Planning International, 2011, 26(6):55-62.]
[23]冯长春,丰学兵,刘思君.高速铁路对中国省际可达性的影响.地理科学进展, 2013, 32(8):1187-1194.[FENG C C,FENG X B, LIU S J. Effects of high speed railway network on the inter provincial accessibilities in China. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(8):1187-1194.]
[24]文嫮,韩旭.高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响.人文地理, 2017, 33(1):99-108.[WEN H, HAN X.The impacts of high-speed rails on the accessibility and the spatial pattern of regional economic development in China.Human Geography, 2017, 32(1):99-108.]
[25]姜博,初楠臣,修春亮,等.高速铁路对欠发达地区可达性影响的空间差异:以哈大与郑西高铁为例.人文地理,2017, 33(2):88-94.[JIANG B, CHU N C, XIU C L, et al. Spatial differences of accessibility impact in the less developed regions:A case of Ha'erbin-Dalian and Zhengzhou-Xi'an high speed rails. Human Geography, 2017, 33(2):88-94.]
[26]余建辉,李佳洺,张文忠.中国资源型城市识别与综合类型划分.地理学报, 2018, 73(4):677-687.[YU J H, LI J M, ZHANG W Z. Identification and classification of resource-based cities in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(4):677-687.]
[27]石敏俊,金凤君,李娜,等.中国地区间经济联系与区域发展驱动力分析.地理学报, 2006, 61(6):593-603.[SHI M J,JIN F J, LI N, et al. Interregional economic linkage and regional development driving forces based on an interregional input-output analysis of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(6):593-603.]
[28]孟德友,范况生,陆玉麒,等.铁路客运提速前后省际可达性及空间格局分析.地理科学进展, 2010, 29(6):709-715.[MENG D Y, FAN K S, LU Y Q, et al. Level and spatial pattern of interprovincial accessibility before and after trainspeed upgrading. Progress in Geography, 2010, 29(6):709-715.]
[29]云南省人民政府.云南省中长期及“十三五”铁路网规划(2016-2020). 2016.[Yunnan Provincial People's Government. Yunnan medium and long term and the"13th Five-Year"railway network plan(2016-2020). 2016.]
[2]朱训.矿业城市的可持续发展是振兴东北老工业基地的基础.资源-产业, 2004, 6(5):1-4.[ZHU X. The sustainable development of the mining city as the basis to vigorouly develop old industrial base in Northeast China. Resources&Industries, 2004, 6(5):1-4.]
[3]刘随臣,袁国华,胡小平.矿业城市发展问题研究.中国地质矿产经济, 1996,(5):16-20.[LIU S C, YUAN G H, HU X P. A study on the development of mining cities and mineral prospecting industry. China Geology&Mining Economics,1996,(5):16-20.]
[4] JIA S M, ZHOU C Y, QIN C L. No difference in effect of high-speed rail on regional economic growth based on match effect perspective?. Transportation Research Part A, 2017, 106:144-157.
[5] CHEN Z H, HAYNES K E. Impact of high-speed rail on regional economic disparity in China. Journal of Transport Geography, 2017, 65:80-91.
[6] CHENG Y S, LOO B P Y, VICKEMAN R. High-speed rail networks, economic integration and regional specialization in China and Europe. Travel Behaviour and Society, 2015, 2(1):1-14.
[7]张学良,聂清凯.高速铁路建设与中国区域经济一体化发展.现代城市研究, 2010,(6):7-10.[ZHANG X L, NIE Q K. High-speed rail construction and the regional economic integration in China. Modern Urban Research, 2010,(6):7-10.]
[8]王垚,年猛.高速铁路带动了区域经济发展吗?.上海经济研究, 2017,(2):82-91.[WANG Y, NIAN M. Did high-speed trains promote the development of regional economy?. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2017,(2):82-91.]
[9] COTO-MILLAN P, INGLADA V, REY B. Effects of network economics in high-speed rail:The Spanish case. Annals of Regional Science, 2007, 41(4):911-925.
[10]刘莉文,张明.高速铁路对中国城市可达性和区域经济的影响.国际城市规划, 2017, 32(4):76-81.[LIU L W,ZHANG M. The impacts of high-speed rail on accessibility and regional economy in China. Urban Planning International, 2017, 32(4):76-81.]
[11] VICKERMAN R. High-speed rail and regional development:The case of intermediate stations. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 42:157-165.
[12]王姣娥,焦敬娟,金凤君.高速铁路对中国城市空间相互作用强度的影响.地理学报, 2014, 69(12):1833-1846.[WANG J E, JIAO J J, JIN F G. Spatial effects of high-speed rails on interurban economic linkages in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(12):1833-1946.]
[13]邓涛涛,王丹丹,程少勇.高速铁路对城市服务业集聚的影响.财经研究, 2017, 43(7):119-132.[DENG T T, WANG D D, CHENG S Y. The impact of high speed railway on urban service industry agglomeration. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2017, 43(7):119-132.]
[14]倪维秋,廖茂林.高速铁路对中国省会城市旅游经济联系的空间影响.中国人口·资源与环境, 2018, 28(3):160-168.[NI W Q, LIAO M L. Spatial influence of high-speed rails on the tourism economic connection of provincial cities in China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018, 28(3):160-168]
[15]汪德根.武广高速铁路对湖北省区域旅游空间格局的影响.地理研究, 2013, 32(8):1555-1564.[WANG D G. The impact of Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR on regional tourism spatial pattern in Hubei province. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(8):1555-1564.]
[16]王姣娥,丁金学.高速铁路对中国城市空间结构的影响研究.国际城市规划, 2011, 26(6):49-54.[WANG J E, DING J X. High-speed rail and its impacts on the urban spatial structure of China. Urban Planning International, 2011, 26(6):49-54.]
[17]陈建军,郑广建,刘月.高速铁路对长江三角洲空间联系格局演化的影响.经济地理, 2014, 34(8):54-60.[CHEN J J,ZHENG G J, LIU Y. The spatial connection evaluation of Yangtze River Delta with the high-speed rail. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(8):54-60.]
[18]陶卓霖,杨晓梦,梁进社.高速铁路对长三角地区陆路可达性的影响.经济地理, 2016, 36(8):40-45.[TAO Z L,YANG X M, LIANG J S. Impact of high-speed rail on land transportation accessibility of Yangtze River Delta. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(8):40-45.]
[19]赵丹,张京祥.高速铁路影响下的长三角城市群通达度空间格局演变.长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(4):391-398.[ZHAO D, ZHANG J X. Research into spatial pattern changes of Yangtze River Delta's accessibility under the impact of high-speed railway. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(4):391-398.]
[20] JIN F J, JIAO J J, QI Y J. Evolution and geographic effects of high-speed rail in East Asia:An accessibility approach.Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(5):515-532.
[21] WANG L H, LIU Y X, SUN C. Accessibility impact of the present and future high-speed rail network:A case study of Jiangsu province, China. Journal of Transport Geography, 2016, 54:161-172.
[22]贺剑锋.关于中国高速铁路可达性的研究:以长三角为例.国际城市规划, 2011, 26(6):55-62.[HE J F. A study on the accessibility of high-speed rail in China:A case of Yangtze River Delta. Urban Planning International, 2011, 26(6):55-62.]
[23]冯长春,丰学兵,刘思君.高速铁路对中国省际可达性的影响.地理科学进展, 2013, 32(8):1187-1194.[FENG C C,FENG X B, LIU S J. Effects of high speed railway network on the inter provincial accessibilities in China. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(8):1187-1194.]
[24]文嫮,韩旭.高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响.人文地理, 2017, 33(1):99-108.[WEN H, HAN X.The impacts of high-speed rails on the accessibility and the spatial pattern of regional economic development in China.Human Geography, 2017, 32(1):99-108.]
[25]姜博,初楠臣,修春亮,等.高速铁路对欠发达地区可达性影响的空间差异:以哈大与郑西高铁为例.人文地理,2017, 33(2):88-94.[JIANG B, CHU N C, XIU C L, et al. Spatial differences of accessibility impact in the less developed regions:A case of Ha'erbin-Dalian and Zhengzhou-Xi'an high speed rails. Human Geography, 2017, 33(2):88-94.]
[26]余建辉,李佳洺,张文忠.中国资源型城市识别与综合类型划分.地理学报, 2018, 73(4):677-687.[YU J H, LI J M, ZHANG W Z. Identification and classification of resource-based cities in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(4):677-687.]
[27]石敏俊,金凤君,李娜,等.中国地区间经济联系与区域发展驱动力分析.地理学报, 2006, 61(6):593-603.[SHI M J,JIN F J, LI N, et al. Interregional economic linkage and regional development driving forces based on an interregional input-output analysis of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(6):593-603.]
[28]孟德友,范况生,陆玉麒,等.铁路客运提速前后省际可达性及空间格局分析.地理科学进展, 2010, 29(6):709-715.[MENG D Y, FAN K S, LU Y Q, et al. Level and spatial pattern of interprovincial accessibility before and after trainspeed upgrading. Progress in Geography, 2010, 29(6):709-715.]
[29]云南省人民政府.云南省中长期及“十三五”铁路网规划(2016-2020). 2016.[Yunnan Provincial People's Government. Yunnan medium and long term and the"13th Five-Year"railway network plan(2016-2020). 2016.]