燕麦不同磷效率品种苗期对不同磷源的利用研究
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摘要
为了探究燕麦不同磷效率品种对有机磷的利用能力,选取磷高效品种燕科1号和磷低效品种MARION为供试材料,在土培盆栽条件下,设置植酸态磷(OP)、无机磷(KP)和不施磷(CK)三个磷处理,研究苗期不同磷处理对燕麦不同磷效率品种生物量、磷累积量、根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤有效磷含量的影响。结果表明:(1)OP处理下,燕科1号和MARION的生物量较KP处理显著提高,分别提高70.4%、 9.4%;燕科1号的根冠比显著低于MARION。(2)与CK比较,OP处理可显著提高燕麦地上部、全株磷含量,但比KP处理磷含量低;在OP处理下,燕科1号地上部磷含量比MARION提高15.1%,全株磷含量比MARION降低8.6%。(3)与CK比较,OP处理可以提高燕麦根际土壤有效磷含量,但显著低于KP处理;相同处理下,燕科1号根际土壤有效磷含量均低于MARION。(4)两个燕麦品种在不同磷处理下,燕麦根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性变化不同,燕科1号根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在KP和OP处理比CK分别提高35.2%、26.5%,差异均达到显著水平;MARION在KP和OP处理比CK分别降低4.4%、14.1%,OP与CK之间差异显著。磷高效品种燕科1号利用植酸态有机磷能力高于磷低效品种MARION。
Oat cultivars Yanke 1(higher P efficiency) and MARION(lower P efficiency) were selected as materials to explore their difference in utilization of different phosphorus.Biomass and phosphorus content of oat,available phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil were determined in a pot experiment with different P sources(acid phosphatase,OP; KH_2PO_4,KP; CK).The results showed that the OP treatment could significantly increase dry matter of Yanke 1 and MARION by 70.4% and 9.4%,respectively,compared with KP treatment.The root-to-shoot ratio of Yanke 1 was significantly lower than that of MARION.The phosphorus contents in whole plant and above-ground of oat under OP treatment were significantly higher than those under CK treatment,but lower than those under KP treatment.Under OP treatment,the phosphorus content in above-ground of Yanke 1 was increased by 15.1%.However,the phosphorus content in whole plant of Yanke 1 was decreased by 8.6% compared with that of MARION.The available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil under OP treatment was higher compared with that under CK treatment,but significantly lower than that under KP treatment.The available phosphorus in Yanke 1 rhizosphere soil was lower than that in MARION.The change in acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil under different treatments,between the two varieties was different.Compared to CK treatment,KP and OP treatments significantly increased the acid phosphatase activity in Yanke 1 rhizosphere soil by 35.2% and 26.5%,respectively.The acid phosphatase activity in MARION rhizosphere soil under KP and OP treatments was respectively decreased by 4.4% and 14.1% compared with that under CK treatment,and there was obvious difference between OP and CK treatments.The utilization from phytate-phosphorus of Yanke 1 was higher than that of cultivar MARION.
Oat cultivars Yanke 1(higher P efficiency) and MARION(lower P efficiency) were selected as materials to explore their difference in utilization of different phosphorus.Biomass and phosphorus content of oat,available phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil were determined in a pot experiment with different P sources(acid phosphatase,OP; KH_2PO_4,KP; CK).The results showed that the OP treatment could significantly increase dry matter of Yanke 1 and MARION by 70.4% and 9.4%,respectively,compared with KP treatment.The root-to-shoot ratio of Yanke 1 was significantly lower than that of MARION.The phosphorus contents in whole plant and above-ground of oat under OP treatment were significantly higher than those under CK treatment,but lower than those under KP treatment.Under OP treatment,the phosphorus content in above-ground of Yanke 1 was increased by 15.1%.However,the phosphorus content in whole plant of Yanke 1 was decreased by 8.6% compared with that of MARION.The available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil under OP treatment was higher compared with that under CK treatment,but significantly lower than that under KP treatment.The available phosphorus in Yanke 1 rhizosphere soil was lower than that in MARION.The change in acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil under different treatments,between the two varieties was different.Compared to CK treatment,KP and OP treatments significantly increased the acid phosphatase activity in Yanke 1 rhizosphere soil by 35.2% and 26.5%,respectively.The acid phosphatase activity in MARION rhizosphere soil under KP and OP treatments was respectively decreased by 4.4% and 14.1% compared with that under CK treatment,and there was obvious difference between OP and CK treatments.The utilization from phytate-phosphorus of Yanke 1 was higher than that of cultivar MARION.
引文
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[15]蔡秋燕,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.磷高效野生大麦拔节期对植酸态有机磷的利用 [J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3147.CAI Q Y,ZHANG X Z,LI T X,et al.The utilization of phytate organic phosphorus in P-efficient wild barley genotypes at jointing stage [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(16):3147.
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[17]TURNER B L,CONDRON L M,RICHARDSON S J,et al.Soil organic phosphorus transformations during pedogenesis [J].Ecosystems,2007,10(7):1175,1176.
[18]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径 [J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):917.ZHANG F S,WANG J Q,ZHANG W F,et al.Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in china and measures for improvement [J].Acta Pedologice Sinice,2008,45(5):917.
[19]DICK R P.Methods of soil enzymology [M].Wisconsin,USA:Inc,Madison,2011:164-167.
[20]TARAFDAR J C,CLAASSEN N.Preferential utilization of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus by wheat plant [J].Plant & Soil,2005,275(1-2):290.
[21]展晓莹,候焱焱,张淑香.不同磷形态对两种磷效率小麦根系指标与根际特征差异的影响 [J].核农学报,2013,27(7):1012.ZHAN X Y,HOU Y Y,ZHANG S X.Response of rhizosphere characteristics of two different P-efficiency wheat genotypes(Tritium aestivum L.) to the inorganic and organic phosphorus sources [J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2013,27(7):1012.
[22]DU Y M,TIAN J,LIAO H,et al.Aluminium tolerance and high phosphorus efficiency helps Stylosanthes better adapt to low-P acid soils [J].Ann Bot,2009,103(8):1245.
[23]MCLACHLAN K D,ELLIOT D E,MARCO D,et al.Leaf acid phosphatase isozymes in the diagnosis of phosphorus status in field-grown wheat [J].Crop & Pasture Science,1987,38(1):7,8.
[24]TARAFDAR J C,JUNGK A.Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1987,3(4):201.
[25]RICHARDSON A E,HADOBAS P A,HAYES J E.Acid phosphomonoesterase and phytase activities of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) roots and utilization of organic phosphorus substrates by seedlings grown in sterile culture [J].Plant Cell & Environment,2000,23(4):400,401.
[26]徐静,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.野生大麦对土壤磷吸收及其酸性磷酸酶活性的基因型差异 [J].草业学报,2015,24(1):92.XU J,ZHANG X Z,LI T X,et al.Phosphorus absorption and acid phosphatase activity of wild barley genotypes with different phosphorus use efficiencies [J].Acta Prataculture Sinica,2015,24(1):92.
[2]PRIYA P,SAHI S.Influence of phosphorus nutrition on growth and metabolism of Duo grass(Duo festulolium) [J].Plant Physiology & Biochemistry,2009,47(1):32.
[3]张锡洲,阳显斌,李廷轩,等.不同磷效率小麦对磷的吸收及根际土壤磷组分特征差异 [J].中国农业科学,2012,45(15):3084.ZHANG X Z,YANG X B,LI T X,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus uptake and phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere among different phosphorus efficiency wheat cultivars [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(15):3084.
[4]NOACK S R,MCLAUGHLIN M J,SMERNIK R J,et al.Phosphorus speciation in mature wheat and canola plants as affected by phosphorus supply [J].Plant and Soil,2014,378(1-2):129,131.
[5]HARRISON,A.F.Soil organic phosphorus:A review of world literature [M].Wallingford,UK:C.A.B.I.,1987:77.
[6]BROOKES P C,POWLSON D S,JENKINSON D S.Phosphorus in the soil microbial biomass [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1984,16(2):173.
[7]HAYES J E,SIMPSON R J,RICHARDSON A E.The growth and phosphorus utilization of plants in sterile media when supplied with inositol hexaphosphate,glucose 1-phosphate or inorganic phosphate [J].Plant & Soil,2000,220(1-2):172.
[8]ROSE T J,HARDIPUTRA B,RENGEL Z.Wheat,canola and grain legume access to soil phosphorus fractions differs in soils with contrasting phosphorus dynamics [J].Plant & Soil,2010,326(1-2):165.
[9]MCDOWELL R W,CONDRON L M,STEWART I.An examination of potential extraction methods to assess plant- available organic phosphorus in soil [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2008,44(5):711.
[10]SCOTT J T,CONDRON L M.Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2003,39(2):71.
[11]RICHARDSON A E,HADOBAS P A,HAYES J E.Acid phosphomonoesterase and phytase activities of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) roots and utilization of organic phosphorus substrates by seedlings grown in sterile culture [J].Plant Cell & Environment,2000,23(4):400.
[12]李永夫,罗安程,吴良欢,等.两个基因型水稻利用有机磷的差异及其与根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性的关系 [J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1073.LI Y F,LUO A C,WU L H,et al.Difference in P utilization from organic phosphate between two rice genotypes and its relations with root secreted acid phosphatase activity [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(5):1073.
[13]TARAFDAR J C,CLAASSEN N.Preferential utilization of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus by wheat plant [J].Plant & Soil,2005,275(1-2):289.
[14]张海伟,黄宇,叶祥盛,等.低磷胁迫下甘蓝型油菜酸性磷酸酶对磷效率的贡献分析 [J].中国科学:生命科学,2010(5):418.ZHANG H W,HUANG Y,YE X S,et al.Analysis of the contribution of acid phosphatase to P efficiency in Brassica napus under low phosphorus condition [J].Science China Life Sciences,2010(5):418.
[15]蔡秋燕,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.磷高效野生大麦拔节期对植酸态有机磷的利用 [J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3147.CAI Q Y,ZHANG X Z,LI T X,et al.The utilization of phytate organic phosphorus in P-efficient wild barley genotypes at jointing stage [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(16):3147.
[16]王桂荣,张春兴.科尔沁沙地种植不同作物与施肥对农作物生物效应的影响 [J].辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版),1996,19(2):153.WANG G R,ZHANG C X.Influences of different farming plants and fertilizer applying quantities upon crops biology effect in kerqin sandy region [J].Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Natural Science),1996,19(2):153.
[17]TURNER B L,CONDRON L M,RICHARDSON S J,et al.Soil organic phosphorus transformations during pedogenesis [J].Ecosystems,2007,10(7):1175,1176.
[18]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径 [J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):917.ZHANG F S,WANG J Q,ZHANG W F,et al.Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in china and measures for improvement [J].Acta Pedologice Sinice,2008,45(5):917.
[19]DICK R P.Methods of soil enzymology [M].Wisconsin,USA:Inc,Madison,2011:164-167.
[20]TARAFDAR J C,CLAASSEN N.Preferential utilization of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus by wheat plant [J].Plant & Soil,2005,275(1-2):290.
[21]展晓莹,候焱焱,张淑香.不同磷形态对两种磷效率小麦根系指标与根际特征差异的影响 [J].核农学报,2013,27(7):1012.ZHAN X Y,HOU Y Y,ZHANG S X.Response of rhizosphere characteristics of two different P-efficiency wheat genotypes(Tritium aestivum L.) to the inorganic and organic phosphorus sources [J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2013,27(7):1012.
[22]DU Y M,TIAN J,LIAO H,et al.Aluminium tolerance and high phosphorus efficiency helps Stylosanthes better adapt to low-P acid soils [J].Ann Bot,2009,103(8):1245.
[23]MCLACHLAN K D,ELLIOT D E,MARCO D,et al.Leaf acid phosphatase isozymes in the diagnosis of phosphorus status in field-grown wheat [J].Crop & Pasture Science,1987,38(1):7,8.
[24]TARAFDAR J C,JUNGK A.Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1987,3(4):201.
[25]RICHARDSON A E,HADOBAS P A,HAYES J E.Acid phosphomonoesterase and phytase activities of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) roots and utilization of organic phosphorus substrates by seedlings grown in sterile culture [J].Plant Cell & Environment,2000,23(4):400,401.
[26]徐静,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.野生大麦对土壤磷吸收及其酸性磷酸酶活性的基因型差异 [J].草业学报,2015,24(1):92.XU J,ZHANG X Z,LI T X,et al.Phosphorus absorption and acid phosphatase activity of wild barley genotypes with different phosphorus use efficiencies [J].Acta Prataculture Sinica,2015,24(1):92.