我国服务外包产业的转型升级与创新发展
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摘要
"十二五"以来,服务外包对于我国服务贸易发展和服务业开放创新的作用日益凸显。我国服务外包产业保持高位增长、规模集聚壮大,成为推动新兴服务贸易增长的主要动力;价值链呈现向高端跃升态势,知识流程外包成为主要增长引擎;服务外包企业实力增强,技术创新能力和国际化水平显著提高,基本形成面向全球的多元化市场布局,尤其是"一带一路"沿线新兴市场成为增长的新引擎;吸纳高端人才就业能力增强,人才素质不断提升;示范城市引领带动作用突出,区域发展更加协调融合。同时,当前我国服务外包产业也面临一些问题,需要采取切实措施,实现转型升级与创新发展。
Since the start of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan(2011-2015),service outsourcing has played an increasingly prominent role in the development of service trade as well as the opening and innovation of service industry in China.This article shows that:China's service outsourcing industry has maintained high-level growth and an agglomerating scale,becoming the main driving force for the growth of emerging service trade;its value chain has shown a trend of leaping to the high-end and knowledge process outsourcing has become the main engine of growth;the strength of service outsourcing enterprises has been enhanced,and their technological innovation ability and internationalization level have been significantly improved,forming a diversified market layout facing to the world,in which the emerging markets along the Belt and Road have become the new driver of growth;the ability of China's service outsourcing industry to absorb top talents and the quality of personnels are continuously enhanced;the leading role of model cities is prominent,and regional development is more coordinated and integrated.Moreover,this article also analyzes the main problems currently faced by China's service outsourcing industry and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for its transformation,upgrade and innovative development.
Since the start of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan(2011-2015),service outsourcing has played an increasingly prominent role in the development of service trade as well as the opening and innovation of service industry in China.This article shows that:China's service outsourcing industry has maintained high-level growth and an agglomerating scale,becoming the main driving force for the growth of emerging service trade;its value chain has shown a trend of leaping to the high-end and knowledge process outsourcing has become the main engine of growth;the strength of service outsourcing enterprises has been enhanced,and their technological innovation ability and internationalization level have been significantly improved,forming a diversified market layout facing to the world,in which the emerging markets along the Belt and Road have become the new driver of growth;the ability of China's service outsourcing industry to absorb top talents and the quality of personnels are continuously enhanced;the leading role of model cities is prominent,and regional development is more coordinated and integrated.Moreover,this article also analyzes the main problems currently faced by China's service outsourcing industry and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for its transformation,upgrade and innovative development.
引文
(1)信息技术外包(ITO)主要包括软件产品开发、软件测试、应用系统开发和全球化服务等,业务流程外包(BPO)主要包括物流采购、金融财会、客户服务、人力资源管理与培训等,知识流程外包(KPO)主要包括动漫、研发、设计等。
(2)王晓红、于倩:《全球经济治理视野的服务外包产业转型》,《改革》2016年第4期,第54~63页。
(1)《商务部关于实施服务外包“千百十工程”的通知》(商资发[2006]556号)指出:“十一五”期间,在全国建设10个具有一定国际竞争力的服务外包基地城市,推动100家世界著名跨国公司将其服务外包业务转移到中国,培育1000家取得国际资质的大中型服务外包企业,创造有利条件,全方位承接国际(离岸)服务外包业务,并不断提升服务价值,实现2010年服务外包出口额在2005年基础上翻两番。
(1)数据来源:中国商务部。
(1)数据来源:中国商务部、国家知识产权局。
(1)根据2016年发布的《商务部发展改革委教育部科技部工业和信息化部财政部人力资源社会保障部税务总局外汇局关于新增中国服务外包示范城市的通知》(商服贸函[2016]208号),沈阳市、长春市、南通市、镇江市、宁波市、福州市(含平潭综合实验区)、青岛市、郑州市、南宁市和乌鲁木齐市等10个城市入选中国服务外包示范城市。
(1)数据来源:中国商务部。
(2)课题组共向北京、上海、合肥、成都等4个示范城市的100家服务外包企业发放了调研问卷,回收有效问卷69份。
(1)中国服务外包研究中心调查数据。
(2)王晓红、于倩:《全球经济治理视野的服务外包产业转型》,《改革》2016年第4期,第54~63页。
(1)《商务部关于实施服务外包“千百十工程”的通知》(商资发[2006]556号)指出:“十一五”期间,在全国建设10个具有一定国际竞争力的服务外包基地城市,推动100家世界著名跨国公司将其服务外包业务转移到中国,培育1000家取得国际资质的大中型服务外包企业,创造有利条件,全方位承接国际(离岸)服务外包业务,并不断提升服务价值,实现2010年服务外包出口额在2005年基础上翻两番。
(1)数据来源:中国商务部。
(1)数据来源:中国商务部、国家知识产权局。
(1)根据2016年发布的《商务部发展改革委教育部科技部工业和信息化部财政部人力资源社会保障部税务总局外汇局关于新增中国服务外包示范城市的通知》(商服贸函[2016]208号),沈阳市、长春市、南通市、镇江市、宁波市、福州市(含平潭综合实验区)、青岛市、郑州市、南宁市和乌鲁木齐市等10个城市入选中国服务外包示范城市。
(1)数据来源:中国商务部。
(2)课题组共向北京、上海、合肥、成都等4个示范城市的100家服务外包企业发放了调研问卷,回收有效问卷69份。
(1)中国服务外包研究中心调查数据。