鲤稚鱼耳石锶标记效果
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摘要
对鲤稚鱼开展了不同浸泡浓度和不同标记时间梯度的SrCl_2·6H_2O暴露标记试验,以确认其耳石Sr标记的可行性及基本条件.首先,基于4个浓度(0、4、8、12 mg·L~(-1))水平的SrCl_2·6H_2O溶液,浸泡标记2 d来筛选基本浸泡标记浓度.然后,在SrCl_2·6H_2O为8 mg·L~(-1)浓度下,基于5个浸泡时间(1、2、3、4、5 d)来筛选基本浸泡标记时间.电子探针分布分析结果显示:对照组(0 mg·L~(-1))耳石Sr/Ca比值低且稳定,标记组均出现了高Sr/Ca比值区.对照组耳石剖面为均一的低Sr蓝色图谱,而标记组耳石上均有高Sr红色标记环带,且标记成功率为100%.试验期间,标记组和对照组的死亡率、平均全长和平均体质量无显著差异,表明Sr标记对供试鱼无不良影响.由于耳石上清晰、完整的高Sr红色标记环带出现在标记浓度为8 mg·L~(-1)及以上,标记时间为2 d及以上,故建议分别选择8 mg·L~(-1)和2 d为基本浸泡标记浓度和基本浸泡标记时间.本研究证实耳石Sr标记技术对鲤稚鱼具有很好的可行性.
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of SrCl_2·6 H_2O to mark otoliths of juvenile common carp(Cyprinus carpio). The carp fish were immersed with four concentrations of the Sr compound(i.e., 0, 4, 8, 12 mg·L~(-1)) for 2 d to determine the essential concentration for immersing. Then, the carp fish were immersed in 8 mg·L~(-1) of the Sr compound for five different immersing times(i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d) to establish the essential immersing time. Results from electron microprobe analysis(EPMA) showed that otolith Sr marks were very obvious in all C. carpio fish of the aforementioned Sr immersed group with high ratio of Sr/Ca concentration and red color(high Sr level) ring map, compared to the control group with low ratio of Sr/Ca concentration and basic blue color(low Sr level) map. We obtained a 100% mark-success rate of otolith Sr marking in juvenile C. carpio. No significant difference were observed on the average body length, mass and mortality between the immersed group and the control group, suggesting that Sr marking had no negative impact on fish. As clear and complete otolith Sr marked rings occurred at concentration of 8 mg·L~(-1) or more, and immersing timeof 2 d or more for the Sr compound, 8 mg·L~(-1) and 2 d were suggested as the essential immersing Sr concentration and immersing time, respectively. Our results demonstrated the strong feasibility of otolith Sr marking for juvenile C. carpio.
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of SrCl_2·6 H_2O to mark otoliths of juvenile common carp(Cyprinus carpio). The carp fish were immersed with four concentrations of the Sr compound(i.e., 0, 4, 8, 12 mg·L~(-1)) for 2 d to determine the essential concentration for immersing. Then, the carp fish were immersed in 8 mg·L~(-1) of the Sr compound for five different immersing times(i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d) to establish the essential immersing time. Results from electron microprobe analysis(EPMA) showed that otolith Sr marks were very obvious in all C. carpio fish of the aforementioned Sr immersed group with high ratio of Sr/Ca concentration and red color(high Sr level) ring map, compared to the control group with low ratio of Sr/Ca concentration and basic blue color(low Sr level) map. We obtained a 100% mark-success rate of otolith Sr marking in juvenile C. carpio. No significant difference were observed on the average body length, mass and mortality between the immersed group and the control group, suggesting that Sr marking had no negative impact on fish. As clear and complete otolith Sr marked rings occurred at concentration of 8 mg·L~(-1) or more, and immersing timeof 2 d or more for the Sr compound, 8 mg·L~(-1) and 2 d were suggested as the essential immersing Sr concentration and immersing time, respectively. Our results demonstrated the strong feasibility of otolith Sr marking for juvenile C. carpio.
引文
[1] Luo G (罗刚),Zhang Z-D (张振东).Existing issues and countermeasure in the selection of suitable species for stock enhancement.China Fisheries (中国水产),2015(3):32-34 (in Chinese)
[2] Fishery Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture (农业部渔业渔政管理局).China Fishery Statistical Yearbook in 2017.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[3] Jiang Y-G (蒋一珪),Chen P-X (陈佩薰).On the biology of common carp,Cyprinus carpio of Liang-Tse Lake.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica (水生生物学报),1960(1):43-56 (in Chinese)
[4] Yan C-M (闫春梅),Zheng W (郑伟),Zhang Y-B (张雅斌),et al.Technical research on germplasm identification and resource restoration of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus.Fisheries Science & Technology Information (水产科技情报),2015,42(1):30-35 (in Chinese)
[5] He J (何俊),Gu X-H (谷孝鸿),Zhang X-Z (张宪中).Study on characteristics of natural fishery structure and the change of driving mechanism in Lake Taihu.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学),2011,39(3):287-291 (in Chinese)
[6] Yang J-X (杨君兴),Pan X-F (潘晓赋),Chen X-Y (陈小勇),et al.Overview of the artificial enhancement and release of endemic freshwater fish in China.Zoological Research (动物学研究),2013,34(4):267-280 (in Chinese)
[7] Nielsen LA.Methods of Marking Fish and Shellfish.Bethesda:American Fisheries Society Special Publication,1992
[8] Yang J,Arai T,Liu H,et al.Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus,and Coilia ectenes,of the Yangtze River estuary,and of Coilia ectenes,of Taihu Lake,based on otolith strontium and calcium.Journal of Fish Biology,2010,69:1120-1135
[9] Khumbanyiwa DD,Li MM,Jiang T,et al.Unraveling habitat use of Coilia nasus,from Qiantang River of China by otolith microchemistry.Regional Studies in Marine Science,2018,18:122-128
[10] Chen T-T (陈婷婷),Jiang T (姜涛),Li M-M (李孟孟),et al.Inversion of habitat history for the long-jaw ecotype Coilia nasus collected from Nanjing section of the Yangtze River.Journal of Fisheries of China (水产学报),2016,40(6):882-892 (in Chinese)
[11] Andújar VMT,Azzurro E,Lombarte A.Identification of lessepsian fish species using the sagittal otolith.Scientia Marina,2012,76:289-299
[12] Zhang JY,Liu XH,Zhao YL,et al.Pilot test of elemental fingerprint in otolith core as a natural biological tag to discriminate among Gymnocypris przewalskii stocks in Lake Qinghai in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development,2016,7(9):447,doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000447
[13] Chen TT,Jiang T,Liu HB,et al.Do all long superma-xilla-type estuarine tapertail anchovies (Coilia nasus Temminck et Schlegel,1846) migrate anadromously?Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33:270-273
[14] Magath V,Marohn L,Fietzke J,et al.Migration beha-viour of twaite shad Alosa fallax assessed by otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca profiles.Journal of Fish Biology,2013,82:1871-1887
[15] Prichard CG,Jonas JL,Student JJ,et al.Same habitat,different species:Otolith microchemistry relationships between migratory and resident species support interspecific natal source classification.Environmental Biology of Fishes,2018,101:1025-1038
[16] Jiang T,Yang J,Lu MJ,et al.Discovery of a spawning area for anadromous Coilia nasus Temminck et schlegel,1846 in Poyang Lake,China.Journal of Applied Ichthyo-logy,2017,33:189-192
[17] Schroder SL,Knudsen CM,Volk EC.Marking salmon fry with strontium chloride solutions.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1995,52:1141-1149
[18] Yamada SB,Mulligan TJ.Strontium marking of hatchery reared coho salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum,identification of adults.Journal of Fish Biology,1982,20:5-9
[19] Wang C (王臣),Liu W (刘伟),Zhan P-R (战培荣),et al.Exogenous Sr2+ sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(10):3189-3194 (in Chinese)
[20] Wang C (王臣).Exploring of Chemical Marking Modes Based on Chum Salmon Otoliths and Related Applications.Master Thesis.Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015 (in Chinese)
[21] Li X-Q (李秀启),Cong X-R (丛旭日),Shi J-H (师吉华),et al.Feasibility analysis of releasing indivi-duals of Aristichthys nobilis identification based on otolith Sr markers.Journal of Lake Sciences (湖泊科学),2017,29(4):914-922 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang Y (张翼),Jiang Y-Z (姜亚洲),Xu K-D (徐开达),et al.Evaluation on effectiveness of marking juvenile Sparus macrocephalus otolith with strontium.Marine Fisheries(海洋渔业),2018,40(2):171-178 (in Chinese)
[23] Li S (李爽),Li G (李耕),Pan Y-Z (潘玉洲),et al.Strontium marking of otolith of Paralichthys olivaceus.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学),2018,46(12):140-143 (in Chinese)
[24] Cao W-X (曹文宣),Chang J-B (常剑波),Qiao Y (乔晔),et al.Early Life Resources of the Yangtze River.Beijing:China Water & Power Press,2007:169-171 (in Chinese)
[25] Qiu C (邱晨),Jiang T (姜涛),Chen X-B (陈修报),et al.Study on otolith marking of larval common carp Cyprinus carpio by immersion in alizarin comple-xone.Journal of Fisheries of China (水产学报),2018,42(11):1754-1765 (in Chinese)
[26] Xiong Y (熊瑛),Liu H-B (刘洪波),Liu P-T (刘培廷),et al.Reconstructing habitat history of Larimichthys polyactis in Lüsi coastal waters of Jiangsu Province,China based on otolith microchemistry.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(3):836-842 (in Chinese)
[27] Yang J (杨健),Liu H (刘洪波).Otolith microchemistry of grey mullet Mugil cephalus from Chongming Water in the Yangtze River estuary,China.Journal of Fisheries Sciences of China (中国水产科学),2010,17(4):853-858 (in Chinese)
[28] Yang J,Jiang T,Liu HB.Are there habitat salinity markers of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith of wild diadromous fishes?A literature survey.Ichthyological Research,2011,58:291-294
[29] Limburg KE.Otolith strontium traces environmental history of subyearling American shad Alosa sapidissima.Marine Ecology Progress,1995,119:25-35
[30] Radtke R.Environmental sensitivity of fish otolith microchemistry.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1992,43(5):935-951
[31] Zhu G-P (朱国平).Otolith microchemistry of tuna species:Research progress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(8):2211-2218 (in Chinese)
[32] Getchell RG,Bowser PR,Cornwell ER,et al.Safety of strontium chloride as a skeletal marking agent for pacific salmon.Journal of Aquatic Animal Health,2017,29:181-188
[33] Snyder RJ,McKeown BA,Colbow K,et al.Use of dissolved strontium in scale marking of juvenile salmonids:Effects of concentration and exposure time.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1992,49:788-782
[34] Richardson NL,Higgs DA,Beames RM.The susceptibility of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tsha-wytscha) to cataract formation in relation to dietary changes in early life.Aquaculture,1986,52:237-243
[35] Brown P,Harris JH.Strontium batch-marking of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua Richardson) and trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis Cuvier)// Secor DH,Dean JM,Campana SE,eds.Recent Developments in Fish Otolith Research.Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1995:693-702
[2] Fishery Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture (农业部渔业渔政管理局).China Fishery Statistical Yearbook in 2017.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[3] Jiang Y-G (蒋一珪),Chen P-X (陈佩薰).On the biology of common carp,Cyprinus carpio of Liang-Tse Lake.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica (水生生物学报),1960(1):43-56 (in Chinese)
[4] Yan C-M (闫春梅),Zheng W (郑伟),Zhang Y-B (张雅斌),et al.Technical research on germplasm identification and resource restoration of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus.Fisheries Science & Technology Information (水产科技情报),2015,42(1):30-35 (in Chinese)
[5] He J (何俊),Gu X-H (谷孝鸿),Zhang X-Z (张宪中).Study on characteristics of natural fishery structure and the change of driving mechanism in Lake Taihu.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学),2011,39(3):287-291 (in Chinese)
[6] Yang J-X (杨君兴),Pan X-F (潘晓赋),Chen X-Y (陈小勇),et al.Overview of the artificial enhancement and release of endemic freshwater fish in China.Zoological Research (动物学研究),2013,34(4):267-280 (in Chinese)
[7] Nielsen LA.Methods of Marking Fish and Shellfish.Bethesda:American Fisheries Society Special Publication,1992
[8] Yang J,Arai T,Liu H,et al.Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus,and Coilia ectenes,of the Yangtze River estuary,and of Coilia ectenes,of Taihu Lake,based on otolith strontium and calcium.Journal of Fish Biology,2010,69:1120-1135
[9] Khumbanyiwa DD,Li MM,Jiang T,et al.Unraveling habitat use of Coilia nasus,from Qiantang River of China by otolith microchemistry.Regional Studies in Marine Science,2018,18:122-128
[10] Chen T-T (陈婷婷),Jiang T (姜涛),Li M-M (李孟孟),et al.Inversion of habitat history for the long-jaw ecotype Coilia nasus collected from Nanjing section of the Yangtze River.Journal of Fisheries of China (水产学报),2016,40(6):882-892 (in Chinese)
[11] Andújar VMT,Azzurro E,Lombarte A.Identification of lessepsian fish species using the sagittal otolith.Scientia Marina,2012,76:289-299
[12] Zhang JY,Liu XH,Zhao YL,et al.Pilot test of elemental fingerprint in otolith core as a natural biological tag to discriminate among Gymnocypris przewalskii stocks in Lake Qinghai in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development,2016,7(9):447,doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000447
[13] Chen TT,Jiang T,Liu HB,et al.Do all long superma-xilla-type estuarine tapertail anchovies (Coilia nasus Temminck et Schlegel,1846) migrate anadromously?Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33:270-273
[14] Magath V,Marohn L,Fietzke J,et al.Migration beha-viour of twaite shad Alosa fallax assessed by otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca profiles.Journal of Fish Biology,2013,82:1871-1887
[15] Prichard CG,Jonas JL,Student JJ,et al.Same habitat,different species:Otolith microchemistry relationships between migratory and resident species support interspecific natal source classification.Environmental Biology of Fishes,2018,101:1025-1038
[16] Jiang T,Yang J,Lu MJ,et al.Discovery of a spawning area for anadromous Coilia nasus Temminck et schlegel,1846 in Poyang Lake,China.Journal of Applied Ichthyo-logy,2017,33:189-192
[17] Schroder SL,Knudsen CM,Volk EC.Marking salmon fry with strontium chloride solutions.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1995,52:1141-1149
[18] Yamada SB,Mulligan TJ.Strontium marking of hatchery reared coho salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum,identification of adults.Journal of Fish Biology,1982,20:5-9
[19] Wang C (王臣),Liu W (刘伟),Zhan P-R (战培荣),et al.Exogenous Sr2+ sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(10):3189-3194 (in Chinese)
[20] Wang C (王臣).Exploring of Chemical Marking Modes Based on Chum Salmon Otoliths and Related Applications.Master Thesis.Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015 (in Chinese)
[21] Li X-Q (李秀启),Cong X-R (丛旭日),Shi J-H (师吉华),et al.Feasibility analysis of releasing indivi-duals of Aristichthys nobilis identification based on otolith Sr markers.Journal of Lake Sciences (湖泊科学),2017,29(4):914-922 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang Y (张翼),Jiang Y-Z (姜亚洲),Xu K-D (徐开达),et al.Evaluation on effectiveness of marking juvenile Sparus macrocephalus otolith with strontium.Marine Fisheries(海洋渔业),2018,40(2):171-178 (in Chinese)
[23] Li S (李爽),Li G (李耕),Pan Y-Z (潘玉洲),et al.Strontium marking of otolith of Paralichthys olivaceus.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学),2018,46(12):140-143 (in Chinese)
[24] Cao W-X (曹文宣),Chang J-B (常剑波),Qiao Y (乔晔),et al.Early Life Resources of the Yangtze River.Beijing:China Water & Power Press,2007:169-171 (in Chinese)
[25] Qiu C (邱晨),Jiang T (姜涛),Chen X-B (陈修报),et al.Study on otolith marking of larval common carp Cyprinus carpio by immersion in alizarin comple-xone.Journal of Fisheries of China (水产学报),2018,42(11):1754-1765 (in Chinese)
[26] Xiong Y (熊瑛),Liu H-B (刘洪波),Liu P-T (刘培廷),et al.Reconstructing habitat history of Larimichthys polyactis in Lüsi coastal waters of Jiangsu Province,China based on otolith microchemistry.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(3):836-842 (in Chinese)
[27] Yang J (杨健),Liu H (刘洪波).Otolith microchemistry of grey mullet Mugil cephalus from Chongming Water in the Yangtze River estuary,China.Journal of Fisheries Sciences of China (中国水产科学),2010,17(4):853-858 (in Chinese)
[28] Yang J,Jiang T,Liu HB.Are there habitat salinity markers of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith of wild diadromous fishes?A literature survey.Ichthyological Research,2011,58:291-294
[29] Limburg KE.Otolith strontium traces environmental history of subyearling American shad Alosa sapidissima.Marine Ecology Progress,1995,119:25-35
[30] Radtke R.Environmental sensitivity of fish otolith microchemistry.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1992,43(5):935-951
[31] Zhu G-P (朱国平).Otolith microchemistry of tuna species:Research progress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(8):2211-2218 (in Chinese)
[32] Getchell RG,Bowser PR,Cornwell ER,et al.Safety of strontium chloride as a skeletal marking agent for pacific salmon.Journal of Aquatic Animal Health,2017,29:181-188
[33] Snyder RJ,McKeown BA,Colbow K,et al.Use of dissolved strontium in scale marking of juvenile salmonids:Effects of concentration and exposure time.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1992,49:788-782
[34] Richardson NL,Higgs DA,Beames RM.The susceptibility of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tsha-wytscha) to cataract formation in relation to dietary changes in early life.Aquaculture,1986,52:237-243
[35] Brown P,Harris JH.Strontium batch-marking of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua Richardson) and trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis Cuvier)// Secor DH,Dean JM,Campana SE,eds.Recent Developments in Fish Otolith Research.Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1995:693-702