入侵植物对本地生态系统三级营养关系的调控机制
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摘要
入侵植物常形成单一优势种群,严重威胁本地的生物多样性和生态系统的结构和功能.入侵植物通过多种方式改变和影响入侵地的生物群落,其对本地植物和植食性昆虫的影响也会传递到更高营养级.研究入侵植物对于不同营养级生物的影响以及其入侵对当地三级营养关系的调控机制,对于揭示植物入侵机制和准确评估入侵后效至关重要.本文从植物-植物关系、植物-昆虫关系、昆虫-天敌关系以及植物-昆虫-天敌三级营养关系等方面系统地解析了外来入侵植物介入本地食物链的机制.采用野外调查、生物测定、化学物质分析、昆虫行为学、挥发性信号物质采集分析等技术和方法,可以从食物链的营养物质流动、化学防御物质级联和信号物质传递三个角度来解析外来入侵植物对不同营养级生物的调控机制.从多营养级互作的角度综述了入侵植物对本地生态系统三级营养关系的调控机制.
Invasive plant species often form dense populations, thereby reducing the abundance and diversity of local plant species or altering plant community composition. Consequently, plant invaders may considerably modify the habitat both directly and indirectly. Such changes may, in turn, translate into alterations at higher trophic levels, with consequences that may affect species interactions. Studies investigating the effects of invasive plants on the interactions between tritrophics in native ecosystems are vital to assess the impact of invasive plants on ecosystems. We aim to investigate the mechanisms of the effects of invasive plants on native plant, herbivore,predator, and parasite species. The plant-plant, plant-herbivore, and herbivore-predator interactions will be studied. Moreover, field surveys, open field tests, bioassays, behavior experiments, chemical analyses, and the collection and analysis of plant volatiles will be utilized to reveal the effects of invasive plants on nutrient flow, chemical cascades, and chemical communication in native food chains.
Invasive plant species often form dense populations, thereby reducing the abundance and diversity of local plant species or altering plant community composition. Consequently, plant invaders may considerably modify the habitat both directly and indirectly. Such changes may, in turn, translate into alterations at higher trophic levels, with consequences that may affect species interactions. Studies investigating the effects of invasive plants on the interactions between tritrophics in native ecosystems are vital to assess the impact of invasive plants on ecosystems. We aim to investigate the mechanisms of the effects of invasive plants on native plant, herbivore,predator, and parasite species. The plant-plant, plant-herbivore, and herbivore-predator interactions will be studied. Moreover, field surveys, open field tests, bioassays, behavior experiments, chemical analyses, and the collection and analysis of plant volatiles will be utilized to reveal the effects of invasive plants on nutrient flow, chemical cascades, and chemical communication in native food chains.
引文
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2 Ramula S,Pihlaja K.Plant communities and the reproductive success of native plants after the invasion of an ornamental herb.Biol Invasions,2012,14:2079-2090
3 Ramula S,Sorvari J.The invasive herb Lupinus polyphyllus attracts bumblebees but reduces total arthropod abundance.Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2017,11:911-918
4 Harvey J A,van Dam N M,Gols R.Interactions over four trophic levels:Foodplant quality affects development of a hyperparasitoid as mediated through a herbivore and its primary parasitoid.J Anim Ecol,2003,72:520-531
5 Pearson D E.Invasive plant architecture alters trophic interactions by changing predator abundance and behavior.Oecologia,2009,159:549-558
6 Willis A J,Memmott J.The potential for indirect effects between a weed,one of its biocontrol agents and native herbivores:A food web approach.Biol Control,2005,35:299-306
7 Tiedeken E J,Egan P A,Stevenson P C,et al.Nectar chemistry modulates the impact of an invasive plant on native pollinators.Funct Ecol,2016,30:885-893
8 Harvey J A,Bukovinszky T,van der Putten W H.Interactions between invasive plants and insect herbivores:A plea for a multitrophic perspective.Biol Conserv,2010,143:2251-2259
9 Dinnage R,Cadotte M W,Haddad N M,et al.Diversity of plant evolutionary lineages promotes arthropod diversity.Ecol Lett,2012,15:1308-1317
10 Jakobsson A,Padrón B,?gren J.Distance-dependent effects of invasive Lupinus polyphyllus on pollination and reproductive success of two native herbs.Basic Appl Ecol,2015,16:120-127
11 Valtonen A,Jantunen J,Saarinen K.Flora and Lepidoptera fauna adversely affected by invasive Lupinus polyphyllus along road verges.Biol Conserv,2006,133:389-396
12 VilàM,Espinar J L,Hejda M,et al.Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants:A meta-analysis of their effects on species,communities and ecosystems.Ecol Lett,2011,14:702-708
13 Elleriis P,Pedersen M L,Toft S.Impact of invasive Rosa rugosa on the arthropod fauna of Danish yellow dunes.Biol Inv,2015,17:3289-3302
14 Haddad N M,Tilman D,Haarstad J,et al.Contrasting effects of plant richness and composition on insect communities:A field experiment.Am Natist,2001,158:17-35
15 Dutra H P,Barnett K,Reinhardt J R,et al.Invasive plant species alters consumer behavior by providing refuge from predation.Oecologia,2011,166:649-657
16 Harvey J A.Factors affecting the evolution of development strategies in parasitoid wasps:The importance of functional constraints and incorporating complexity.Entomol Exp Appl,2005,117:1-13
17 Losey J E,Vaughan M.The economic value of ecological services provided by insects.Bioscience,2006,56:311-323
18 Lopezaraiza-Mikel M E,Hayes R B,Whalley M R,et al.The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network:An experimental approach.Ecol Lett,2007,10:539-550
19 Litt A R,Cord E E,Fulbright T E,et al.Effects of invasive plants on arthropods.Conserv Biol,2014,28:1532-1549
20 Kajzer-Bonk J,Szpi?yk D,Woyciechowski M.Invasive goldenrods affect abundance and diversity of grassland ant communities(Hymenoptera:Formicidae).J Insect Conserv,2016,20:99-105
21 Heleno R H,Ceia R S,Ramos J A,et al.Effects of alien plants on insect abundance and biomass:A food-web approach.Conserv Biol,2009,23:410-419
22 Hejda M,Py?ek P,Jaro?ík V.Impact of invasive plants on the species richness,diversity and composition of invaded communities.J Ecol,2009,97:393-403
23 McKinney A M,Goodell K.Shading by invasive shrub reduces seed production and pollinator services in a native herb.Biol Inv,2010,12:2751-2763
24 Memmott J,Waser N M.Integration of alien plants into a native flower-pollinator visitation web.Proc R Soc London Ser B-Biol Sci,2002,269:2395-2399
25 Russo L,Nichol C,Shea K.Pollinator floral provisioning by a plant invader:quantifying beneficial effects of detrimental species.Divers Distrib,2016,22:189-198
26 Hodkinson I D,Jackson J K.Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as bioindicators for environmental monitoring,with particular reference to mountain ecosystems.Environ Manage,2005,35:649-666
27 Fenesi A,Vágási C I,Beldean M,et al.Solidago canadensis impacts on native plant and pollinator communities in different-aged old fields.Basic Appl Ecol,2015,16:335-346
28 Schirmel J,Bundschuh M,Entling M H,et al.Impacts of invasive plants on resident animals across ecosystems,taxa,and feeding types:A global assessment.Glob Change Biol,2016,22:594-603
2 Ramula S,Pihlaja K.Plant communities and the reproductive success of native plants after the invasion of an ornamental herb.Biol Invasions,2012,14:2079-2090
3 Ramula S,Sorvari J.The invasive herb Lupinus polyphyllus attracts bumblebees but reduces total arthropod abundance.Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2017,11:911-918
4 Harvey J A,van Dam N M,Gols R.Interactions over four trophic levels:Foodplant quality affects development of a hyperparasitoid as mediated through a herbivore and its primary parasitoid.J Anim Ecol,2003,72:520-531
5 Pearson D E.Invasive plant architecture alters trophic interactions by changing predator abundance and behavior.Oecologia,2009,159:549-558
6 Willis A J,Memmott J.The potential for indirect effects between a weed,one of its biocontrol agents and native herbivores:A food web approach.Biol Control,2005,35:299-306
7 Tiedeken E J,Egan P A,Stevenson P C,et al.Nectar chemistry modulates the impact of an invasive plant on native pollinators.Funct Ecol,2016,30:885-893
8 Harvey J A,Bukovinszky T,van der Putten W H.Interactions between invasive plants and insect herbivores:A plea for a multitrophic perspective.Biol Conserv,2010,143:2251-2259
9 Dinnage R,Cadotte M W,Haddad N M,et al.Diversity of plant evolutionary lineages promotes arthropod diversity.Ecol Lett,2012,15:1308-1317
10 Jakobsson A,Padrón B,?gren J.Distance-dependent effects of invasive Lupinus polyphyllus on pollination and reproductive success of two native herbs.Basic Appl Ecol,2015,16:120-127
11 Valtonen A,Jantunen J,Saarinen K.Flora and Lepidoptera fauna adversely affected by invasive Lupinus polyphyllus along road verges.Biol Conserv,2006,133:389-396
12 VilàM,Espinar J L,Hejda M,et al.Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants:A meta-analysis of their effects on species,communities and ecosystems.Ecol Lett,2011,14:702-708
13 Elleriis P,Pedersen M L,Toft S.Impact of invasive Rosa rugosa on the arthropod fauna of Danish yellow dunes.Biol Inv,2015,17:3289-3302
14 Haddad N M,Tilman D,Haarstad J,et al.Contrasting effects of plant richness and composition on insect communities:A field experiment.Am Natist,2001,158:17-35
15 Dutra H P,Barnett K,Reinhardt J R,et al.Invasive plant species alters consumer behavior by providing refuge from predation.Oecologia,2011,166:649-657
16 Harvey J A.Factors affecting the evolution of development strategies in parasitoid wasps:The importance of functional constraints and incorporating complexity.Entomol Exp Appl,2005,117:1-13
17 Losey J E,Vaughan M.The economic value of ecological services provided by insects.Bioscience,2006,56:311-323
18 Lopezaraiza-Mikel M E,Hayes R B,Whalley M R,et al.The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network:An experimental approach.Ecol Lett,2007,10:539-550
19 Litt A R,Cord E E,Fulbright T E,et al.Effects of invasive plants on arthropods.Conserv Biol,2014,28:1532-1549
20 Kajzer-Bonk J,Szpi?yk D,Woyciechowski M.Invasive goldenrods affect abundance and diversity of grassland ant communities(Hymenoptera:Formicidae).J Insect Conserv,2016,20:99-105
21 Heleno R H,Ceia R S,Ramos J A,et al.Effects of alien plants on insect abundance and biomass:A food-web approach.Conserv Biol,2009,23:410-419
22 Hejda M,Py?ek P,Jaro?ík V.Impact of invasive plants on the species richness,diversity and composition of invaded communities.J Ecol,2009,97:393-403
23 McKinney A M,Goodell K.Shading by invasive shrub reduces seed production and pollinator services in a native herb.Biol Inv,2010,12:2751-2763
24 Memmott J,Waser N M.Integration of alien plants into a native flower-pollinator visitation web.Proc R Soc London Ser B-Biol Sci,2002,269:2395-2399
25 Russo L,Nichol C,Shea K.Pollinator floral provisioning by a plant invader:quantifying beneficial effects of detrimental species.Divers Distrib,2016,22:189-198
26 Hodkinson I D,Jackson J K.Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as bioindicators for environmental monitoring,with particular reference to mountain ecosystems.Environ Manage,2005,35:649-666
27 Fenesi A,Vágási C I,Beldean M,et al.Solidago canadensis impacts on native plant and pollinator communities in different-aged old fields.Basic Appl Ecol,2015,16:335-346
28 Schirmel J,Bundschuh M,Entling M H,et al.Impacts of invasive plants on resident animals across ecosystems,taxa,and feeding types:A global assessment.Glob Change Biol,2016,22:594-603