柴北缘平台地区下干柴沟组下段碳酸盐胶结物特征及意义
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摘要
综合运用岩石学、矿物学和地球化学等方法,对柴达木盆地北缘中段平台地区古近系下干柴沟组下段储集岩中碳酸盐胶结物的成岩温度、形成环境和物质来源等进行了系统研究。结果表明,平台地区储集砂岩中主要发育方解石和白云石两种碳酸盐胶结物。自生黏土矿物主要以伊利石、绿泥石和伊-蒙混层为主,测定其碳同位素(δ~(13)C)值分布范围在-7.5‰~-1.4‰之间,平均为-4.0‰;氧同位素(δ~(18)O)值分布范围在-14.4‰~-10.1‰之间,平均为-11.6‰,推算古盐度(Z)值分布范围为106.38~119.23,平均值为113.24。平台地区古近系下干柴沟组下段储集岩在成岩阶段早期有少量有机碳加入,成岩流体以淡水环境为主。碳酸盐胶结物的形成温度在71.49~101.01℃之间,平均值为81.32℃。根据成岩特征及形成温度,揭示平台地区古近系下干柴沟组下段储集岩主要处于早成岩阶段晚期。
In the light of petrological,mineralogical and geochemical data,the present paper deals,in detail,with diagenetic temperature,genetic environment and origin of the carbonate cements in the lower member of the Palaeogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in the Pingtai region,northern Qaidam Basin.The reservoir sandstones comprise the carbonate cements calcite and dolomite,and authigenic clay minerals illite,chlorite and illitemontmorillonite.The carbonate cements have low carbon isotope(δ~(13)C) values ranging from-7.5‰ to-1.4‰ with an average of-4.0‰,oxygen isotope(δ~(18)O) values from-14.4‰ to-10.1‰ with an average of-11.6‰,and palaeosalinity(Z) values from 106.38 wt% to 119.23 wt% with an average of 113.24 wt%.All these values indicate the involvement of minor amount of organic carbon during the early diagenetic stage of the reservoir sandstones from the lower member of the Palaeogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in the Pingtai region.The carbonate cements have the formation temperatures from 71.49℃ to 101.01℃,with an average of 81.32℃.The abovementioned results show that the diagenetic stage of the reservoir sandstones from the lower member of the Palaeogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in the Pingtai region belongs to the late stage of the early diagenesis.
In the light of petrological,mineralogical and geochemical data,the present paper deals,in detail,with diagenetic temperature,genetic environment and origin of the carbonate cements in the lower member of the Palaeogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in the Pingtai region,northern Qaidam Basin.The reservoir sandstones comprise the carbonate cements calcite and dolomite,and authigenic clay minerals illite,chlorite and illitemontmorillonite.The carbonate cements have low carbon isotope(δ~(13)C) values ranging from-7.5‰ to-1.4‰ with an average of-4.0‰,oxygen isotope(δ~(18)O) values from-14.4‰ to-10.1‰ with an average of-11.6‰,and palaeosalinity(Z) values from 106.38 wt% to 119.23 wt% with an average of 113.24 wt%.All these values indicate the involvement of minor amount of organic carbon during the early diagenetic stage of the reservoir sandstones from the lower member of the Palaeogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in the Pingtai region.The carbonate cements have the formation temperatures from 71.49℃ to 101.01℃,with an average of 81.32℃.The abovementioned results show that the diagenetic stage of the reservoir sandstones from the lower member of the Palaeogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in the Pingtai region belongs to the late stage of the early diagenesis.
引文
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[13]孙国强,陈波,郑永仙,等.柴北缘冷湖五号构造中新统成岩作用及沉积环境[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(4):677-688
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[18]孙国强,刘伟明,郑永仙,等.史基安柴北缘平台地区路乐河组砂岩储层特征[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):356-363.
[19]孙致学,孙治雷,鲁洪江,等.砂岩储集层中碳酸盐胶结物特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):543-551.
[20]蔡观强,郭锋,刘显太,等.东营凹陷沙河街组沉积岩碳氧同位素组成的古环境记录[J].地球与环境,2009,37(4):347-354.
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[22]刘德良,孙先如,李振生,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系白云岩碳氧同位素分析[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(2):155-161.
[23]ZHANG J,HE Z,XU H B,et al.Petrological characteristics and origin of Permian Fengcheng Formation dolomitic rocks in Wuerhe-Fengcheng Area,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):859-867.
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[26]傅启龙.库车盆地西北缘下第三系碳氧同位素特征及成岩环境[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(4):280-283.
[27]邵龙义,窦建伟,张鹏飞.西南地区晚二叠世氧、碳稳定同位素的古地埋意义[J].地球化学,1996,25(6):575-580.
[28]王大锐.油气稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.137-196.
[29]SHACKLETON N J,KENNETT J P.Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation:Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis in DSDP sites 277,279,and 281[J].Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,1975,29:743-755.
[2]ANTAR A W,EARLE F M.Origin of giant calcite cemented concretions,Temple Member,Qasr El Sagha Formation(Eocene),Faiyum depression,Egypt[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(1):70-81.
[3]孙玉善,申银民,徐迅,等.应用成岩岩相分析法评价和预测非均质性储层及其含油性——以塔里木盆地哈得逊地区为例[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):55-59.
[4]CARLOS R,RAFAELA M,KARL R,et al.Facies-related diagenesis and multiphase siderite cementation and dissolution in the reservoir sandstones of the Khatatba Formation,Egypt’s western desert[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(3):459-472.
[5]WANG QI,ZHUO XIZHUAN,LI XIAOYAN,et al.Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of different phase carbonate cements in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoir and significance for their origin:A case study from sandstones of Yanchang Formation(Triassic),southwestern Ordos basin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2008,27:249-256.
[6]孙国强,吕婧文,赵明君,等.柴达木盆地鄂博梁Ⅲ号成岩作用及沉积环境[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):337-347
[7]姚泾利,王琪,张瑞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物成因与分布规律研究[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(6),943-950
[8]MACAULA Y C I,HASZELDINE R S,FALLICK A E.Distribution,chemistry,isotopic composition and origin of diagenetic carbonates:Magnus Sandstone,North Sea[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1993,63(1):33-43.
[9]MOSTAFA F,HARRISON T M,GROVE M.In situ stable isotopic evidence for protracted and complex carbonate cementation in a petroleum reservoir,North Coles Levee,San Joaquin Basin,California,USA[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(3):444-458.
[10]孙国强,王海峰,邹开真,等.柴北缘九龙山地区侏罗系砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物特征及意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(9):1358-1365.
[11]ORTOLEVA P J.Basin Compartments and Seals[M].Tulsa:AAPG Publishing Bureau,1994.AAPG memoir 61,477.
[12]黄思静,石和,张萌,等.锶同位素地层学在碎屑岩成岩研究中的应用[J].沉积学报,2002,20(3):359-366.
[13]孙国强,陈波,郑永仙,等.柴北缘冷湖五号构造中新统成岩作用及沉积环境[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(4):677-688
[14]王琪,禚喜准,陈国俊,等.延长组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物氧碳同位素组成特征[J].天然气工业,2007,27(10):28-32.
[15]董福湘,刘立,马艳萍.大港滩海地区沙一段下部砂岩储层中方解石胶结物碳氧同位素研究[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(6):590-593
[16]王琪,郝乐伟,陈国俊,等.白云凹陷珠海组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的形成机理[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):554-560
[17]孙国强,马进业,王海峰,等.柴达木盆地北缘马北地区碳酸盐胶结物特征及意义[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(2):134-139.
[18]孙国强,刘伟明,郑永仙,等.史基安柴北缘平台地区路乐河组砂岩储层特征[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):356-363.
[19]孙致学,孙治雷,鲁洪江,等.砂岩储集层中碳酸盐胶结物特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):543-551.
[20]蔡观强,郭锋,刘显太,等.东营凹陷沙河街组沉积岩碳氧同位素组成的古环境记录[J].地球与环境,2009,37(4):347-354.
[21]HUDSON J D.Stable isotopes limestone lithification[J].Journal of Geological Society,1977,133(4):637-660.
[22]刘德良,孙先如,李振生,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系白云岩碳氧同位素分析[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(2):155-161.
[23]ZHANG J,HE Z,XU H B,et al.Petrological characteristics and origin of Permian Fengcheng Formation dolomitic rocks in Wuerhe-Fengcheng Area,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):859-867.
[24]KEITH M H,WEBER J N.Isotopic composition and environmental classification of selected limestones and fossils[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1964,28:1787-1816.
[25]张秀莲.碳酸盐岩中氧、碳稳定同位素与古盐度、古水温的关系[J].沉积学报,1985,3(4):17-28.
[26]傅启龙.库车盆地西北缘下第三系碳氧同位素特征及成岩环境[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(4):280-283.
[27]邵龙义,窦建伟,张鹏飞.西南地区晚二叠世氧、碳稳定同位素的古地埋意义[J].地球化学,1996,25(6):575-580.
[28]王大锐.油气稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.137-196.
[29]SHACKLETON N J,KENNETT J P.Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation:Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis in DSDP sites 277,279,and 281[J].Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,1975,29:743-755.