艾比湖盐尘气溶胶光学特性卫星和地基遥感观测
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摘要
自20世纪50年代艾比湖湖面面积急速退化造成大面积湖底裸露,裸露的干涸湖底成为丰富的粉尘和盐尘源,使得该地区面临严重的盐尘灾害威胁。为了研究艾比湖流域盐尘灾害对区域大气污染状况以及盐尘气溶胶光学性质,利用MODIS气溶胶产品数据获取2002年至今该地区尘暴总体演变态势;利用云–气溶胶偏振雷达(CALIOP)遥感数据以及Microtops II手持太阳光度计,对盐尘灾害高发时间段大气气溶胶总后向散射系数、退偏比、色比、气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)及Angstr?m波长指数(α)等参数进行特征分析,利用拉格朗日混合扩散模型(HYSPLIT)讨论盐尘污染的输送。实验结果表明:受大风天气和人类活动影响,春季是艾比湖流域盐尘灾害高发时段;盐尘灾害发生时,粉尘影响范围主要集中在近地面低空,对近尘源区的精河县、托托乡和乌苏市等地区造成较大影响;风速是影响局地气溶胶变化的主要因素,在局地尘源介入的影响下,距干涸湖底不同距离的地区气溶胶光学性质存在一定差异;盐尘主要在近尘源地区沉降,部分粉尘颗粒上升至高空大气,可对华北地区造成影响。地基和卫星遥感技术相结合,可实现区域气溶胶光学特性的准确估算,为认识盐尘灾害提供科学参考。
In the past 50 years,the Ebinur Lake had deteriorated rapidly.The dry lake became a rich source of dust and salt,causing the region to face serious threat of salt dust disaster.At present,studies on salt dust pollution focus on conditions for salt storms,wind erosion intensity of Lake Bottom,and dust fall flux.Few studies investigated the regional air pollution caused by salt dust storms and the optical properties of salt dust aerosols.The temporal variability,vertical distribution,and potential diffusion characteristics of salt dust in Ebinur region were investigated using the ground-based and satellite remote sensing and its potential diffusion characteristics were analyzed using the HYSPLIT model to learn more about aerosol optical properties.The aerosol product data provided by the MODIS were used to obtain the overall evolution trend of dust storms in Ebinur Lake Basin.CALIOP data provided the vertical distribution of aerosol including total attenuated backscatter coefficient,volume depolarization ratio,and color ratio.The AOD and Angstrom exponent obtained by Microtops II sun photometer observations at the Jinghe and Wusu sites were used to investigate the aerosol properties in salt dust storms.The HYSPLIT model was used to simulate the salt dust diffusion trajectory of Ebinur Lake in spring.The degradation of the lake was the main reason for the occurrence of soil salinization and salt dust storms in Ebinur Lake Basin.The influence range of salt dust disaster in Ebinur region was mainly concentrated in the southeast of Ebinur Lake.The most active period of salt dust release and transportation was in spring.Salt dusts were mainly settled in Jinghe area,which was close to the dry lake bottom.The particle size of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere decreases,and the particle size increases with the increase in the distance from the dry lake dust source area.Thus,the area,which was far from the dust source,was not only affected by the Ebinur Lake salt dusts,but was also affected by the local dust source intervention.In the spring,the atmospheric aerosols were mainly in the form of coarse mode,and the dust aerosols were the main factor.The wind speed was the main factor affecting the local aerosol.Salt dust aerosols were mainly concentrated in the range of 0—2 km.The depolarization ratio was10%—20%,the cumulative frequency was 28.538%,the color ratio was 0.4—0.8,and the cumulative frequency was 51.378%.With increasing height,the irregularity and size of the aerosol decreased,and little possibility was observed for the dust particles to be transported in other areas at high altitude.The aerosol particles mainly showed hydrophobicity when the dust storm occurred.However,aerosol particles,which are affected by the local aerosols,also showed a certain degree of hydrophilicity.The potential diffusion path to the eastern regions mainly affects Jinghe,Wusu,Kuitun,Shawan,Shihezi,Changji,Urumqi,Hami as well as Gansu,Inner Mongolia,Mongolia,Hebei,Liaoning,and other regions.The combination of ground-based and satellite remote sensing techniques to estimate regional aerosol optical properties can provide a scientific reference for the comprehensive understanding of salt dust disasters.
In the past 50 years,the Ebinur Lake had deteriorated rapidly.The dry lake became a rich source of dust and salt,causing the region to face serious threat of salt dust disaster.At present,studies on salt dust pollution focus on conditions for salt storms,wind erosion intensity of Lake Bottom,and dust fall flux.Few studies investigated the regional air pollution caused by salt dust storms and the optical properties of salt dust aerosols.The temporal variability,vertical distribution,and potential diffusion characteristics of salt dust in Ebinur region were investigated using the ground-based and satellite remote sensing and its potential diffusion characteristics were analyzed using the HYSPLIT model to learn more about aerosol optical properties.The aerosol product data provided by the MODIS were used to obtain the overall evolution trend of dust storms in Ebinur Lake Basin.CALIOP data provided the vertical distribution of aerosol including total attenuated backscatter coefficient,volume depolarization ratio,and color ratio.The AOD and Angstrom exponent obtained by Microtops II sun photometer observations at the Jinghe and Wusu sites were used to investigate the aerosol properties in salt dust storms.The HYSPLIT model was used to simulate the salt dust diffusion trajectory of Ebinur Lake in spring.The degradation of the lake was the main reason for the occurrence of soil salinization and salt dust storms in Ebinur Lake Basin.The influence range of salt dust disaster in Ebinur region was mainly concentrated in the southeast of Ebinur Lake.The most active period of salt dust release and transportation was in spring.Salt dusts were mainly settled in Jinghe area,which was close to the dry lake bottom.The particle size of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere decreases,and the particle size increases with the increase in the distance from the dry lake dust source area.Thus,the area,which was far from the dust source,was not only affected by the Ebinur Lake salt dusts,but was also affected by the local dust source intervention.In the spring,the atmospheric aerosols were mainly in the form of coarse mode,and the dust aerosols were the main factor.The wind speed was the main factor affecting the local aerosol.Salt dust aerosols were mainly concentrated in the range of 0—2 km.The depolarization ratio was10%—20%,the cumulative frequency was 28.538%,the color ratio was 0.4—0.8,and the cumulative frequency was 51.378%.With increasing height,the irregularity and size of the aerosol decreased,and little possibility was observed for the dust particles to be transported in other areas at high altitude.The aerosol particles mainly showed hydrophobicity when the dust storm occurred.However,aerosol particles,which are affected by the local aerosols,also showed a certain degree of hydrophilicity.The potential diffusion path to the eastern regions mainly affects Jinghe,Wusu,Kuitun,Shawan,Shihezi,Changji,Urumqi,Hami as well as Gansu,Inner Mongolia,Mongolia,Hebei,Liaoning,and other regions.The combination of ground-based and satellite remote sensing techniques to estimate regional aerosol optical properties can provide a scientific reference for the comprehensive understanding of salt dust disasters.
引文
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Bréon F,TanréD and Generoso S.2002.Aerosol effect on cloud droplet size monitored from satellite.Science,295(5556):834-838[DOI:10.1126/science.1066434]
Chen Y H,Mao X Q,Huang J P,Zhang H,Tang Q,Pan H and Wang CH.2009.Vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol during a long-distance transport of heavy dust pollution.China Environmental Science,29(5):449-454(陈勇航,毛晓琴,黄建平,张华,汤强,潘鹄,王晨浩.2009.一次强沙尘输送过程中气溶胶垂直分布特征研究.中国环境科学,29(5):449-454)[DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2009.05.001]
Dubovik O,Holben B N,Eck T F,Smirnov A,Kaufman Y J,King MD,TanréD and Slutsker I.2002.Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,59(3):590-608[DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0590:VOAAOP>2.0.CO;2]
Ge Y X,Jilili A,Liu D W and Mireban A.2013.Fractal characteristics of particle size distribution in salt-rich sediments from different depths under six different types of landscapes in the playa of the Ebinur lake.Journal of Desert Research,33(3):804-812(葛拥晓,吉力力·阿不都外力,刘东伟,米热班·阿布里米提.2013.艾比湖干涸湖底6种景观类型不同深度富盐沉积物粒径的分形特征.中国沙漠,33(3):804-812)[DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00115]
Guo J P,Wu Y R,Zhang X Y and Li X W.2013.Estimation of PM2.5over eastern china from MODIS aerosol optical depth using the back propagation neural network.Environmental Science,34(3):817-825(郭建平,吴业荣,张小曳,李小文.2013.BP网络框架下MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品估算中国东部PM2.5.环境科学,34(3):817-825)
Jilili A and Mu G J.2006.Eolian factor in the process of modern salt accumulation in western Dzungaria,China.Eurasian Soil Science,39(4):367-376[DOI:10.1134/S106422930604003X]
Jilili A,Xu J R,Mu G J,Xu M and Gabchenko M V.2007.Effect of soil dust from Ebinur Lake on soil salts and landscape of surrounding regions.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,29(6):928-939(吉力力·阿不都外力,徐俊荣,穆桂金,徐曼,Gabchenko M V.2007.艾比湖盐尘对周边地区土壤盐分及景观变化的影响.冰川冻土,29(6):928-939)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0240.2007.06.012]
Kaufman Y J,TanréD,Remer L A,Vermote E F,Chu A and Holben BN.1997.Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,102(D14):17051-17067[DOI:10.1029/96JD03988]
Kim D H,Sohn B J,Nakajima T,Takamura T,Takemura T,Choi B Cand Yoon S C.2004.Aerosol optical properties over East Asia determined from ground-based sky radiation measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,109(D2):D02209[DOI:10.1029/2003JD003387]
Liu D W,Jilili A,Lei J Q and Wu G Y.2011.Saline dust storm and its ecological effects.Journal of Desert Research,31(1):168-173(刘东伟,吉力力·阿不都外力,雷加强,武广洋.2011.盐尘暴及其生态效应.中国沙漠,31(1):168-173)
Liu X,Zhu B,Hou X W,Chen Y X,Li F,Kang H Q and Gao J H.2015.Analysis of haze events based on satellite remote sensing and field observations:a case study of severe haze pollution over the Yangtze river delta.China Environmental Science,35(3):641-651(刘璇,朱彬,侯雪伟,陈烨鑫,李锋,康汉青,高晋徽.2015.基于卫星遥感和地面观测资料的霾过程分析-以长江三角洲地区一次严重霾污染过程为例.中国环境科学,35(3):641-651)
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