复合微生态制剂对犊牛生长性能、粪样微生物和血液指标的影响
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摘要
旨在研究复合微生态制剂对犊牛生长性能、粪样微生物数量、腹泻率和血清指标的影响。选取3～5月龄犊牛20头,按性别、体重基本一致的原则将犊牛分为对照组和试验组,每组10头犊牛,对照组犊牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组犊牛基础日粮中添加含有酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和乳酸菌的复合微生态制剂,饲喂试验共30 d。记录犊牛在试验开始和结束时的体重,计算并比较2组犊牛在试验期间的总增重和平均日增重;分别收集犊牛在试验开始和结束时的粪便样本,检测并比较2组犊牛在饲喂试验前后的粪样微生物数量;记录2组犊牛在试验期间的腹泻情况,计算并比较2组犊牛的腹泻率;试验结束时采集犊牛的血液样本,测定并比较2组犊牛的主要血液指标。结果表明,饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂对犊牛生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);饲喂复合微生态制剂的犊牛粪样中乳酸菌的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粪样乳酸菌数达到2.28×10~7 CFU/g,试验组犊牛粪样中大肠菌群的数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且犊牛腹泻率也低于对照组;试验组犊牛的血清生化指标与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂能有效改善犊牛肠道菌群并且降低犊牛的腹泻率。
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of a compound micro-ecological preparation on growth performance, number of fecal microbes, diarrhea rate and serum indexes of calves. A total of 20 calves aged from 3 to 5 months were selected and divided into experimental group(n=10) and control group(n=10) according to their gender and body weight. The calves in the control group were fed with a basal diet, and those in the experimental group fed a basal diet supplemented with a compound micro-ecological preparation containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. The feeding experiment lasted for 30 days. The calves were weighted at the beginning and end of the experiment,and the total weight gain and average daily weight gain during the experiment of the two groups were calculated and statistically compared. The fecal samples of the calves at the beginning and end of the experiment were collected, and the number of fecal microbes of the two groups before and after the experiment were counted and statistically assessed. The diarrhea incidence of the calves in the two separate groups was recorded and compared. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples of the calves were collected, and the main blood indexes of the two groups were determined and compared. The results showed that the dietary supplementation of compound micro-ecological preparation had no significant impact on growth performance of calves(P>0.05);the calves fed the basal diet added with compound micro-ecological preparation had significantly higher number of fecal lactic acid bacteria and significantly lower number of fecal coliform bacteria compared to the control group(P<0.05), with the number of fecal lactic acid bacteria reaching up to 2.28×107 CFU/g;the lower diarrhea rate was observed in the calves of experimental group; there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between experimental group and controlgroup(P>0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of compound micro-ecological preparation can effectively improve the intestinal micro-ecology environment and reduce the diarrhea rate of calves.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of a compound micro-ecological preparation on growth performance, number of fecal microbes, diarrhea rate and serum indexes of calves. A total of 20 calves aged from 3 to 5 months were selected and divided into experimental group(n=10) and control group(n=10) according to their gender and body weight. The calves in the control group were fed with a basal diet, and those in the experimental group fed a basal diet supplemented with a compound micro-ecological preparation containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. The feeding experiment lasted for 30 days. The calves were weighted at the beginning and end of the experiment,and the total weight gain and average daily weight gain during the experiment of the two groups were calculated and statistically compared. The fecal samples of the calves at the beginning and end of the experiment were collected, and the number of fecal microbes of the two groups before and after the experiment were counted and statistically assessed. The diarrhea incidence of the calves in the two separate groups was recorded and compared. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples of the calves were collected, and the main blood indexes of the two groups were determined and compared. The results showed that the dietary supplementation of compound micro-ecological preparation had no significant impact on growth performance of calves(P>0.05);the calves fed the basal diet added with compound micro-ecological preparation had significantly higher number of fecal lactic acid bacteria and significantly lower number of fecal coliform bacteria compared to the control group(P<0.05), with the number of fecal lactic acid bacteria reaching up to 2.28×107 CFU/g;the lower diarrhea rate was observed in the calves of experimental group; there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between experimental group and controlgroup(P>0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of compound micro-ecological preparation can effectively improve the intestinal micro-ecology environment and reduce the diarrhea rate of calves.
引文
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[3]董晓丽,张乃锋,周盟,等.复合菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1285-1292.
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[10]霍迪.饲喂各种枯草芽胞杆菌类益生菌产品对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2016(2):61-62.
[11]孙锡风,蒋万春,白莹,等.复合益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、屠体性能及养分表观利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(4):17-21.
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[13]符运勤,刁其玉,屠焰,等.不同组合益生菌对0~8周龄犊牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):753-761.
[14]林彬彬.断奶应激对仔猪肌肉氨基酸及能量代谢的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[15]王杰,艾萍萍,刁其玉,等.复合益生菌和纤维寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):881-890.
[16]FAIRBROTHER J M,NADEAU E,GYLES C L.Escherichia coli in post weaning diarrhea in pigs;an update on bacterial types,pathogenesis,and prevention strategies[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2005,6(1):17-39.
[17]于萍,王加启,卜登攀,等.日粮添加纳豆芽胞杆菌对断奶后犊牛胃肠道纤维分解菌的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(1):111-116.
[18]杨家军,钱坤,章薇,等.地衣芽胞杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化及营养物质代谢的影响研究[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(5):736-739.
[19]WHITE L A,NEWMAN M C,CROMWELL G L,et al.Brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(10):2619-2628.
[20]BON M L,DAVIES H E,GLYNM C,et al.Influence of probiotics on gut health in the weaned pig[J].Livestock Science,2010(133):179-181.
[21]姚国强,赵树平,高鹏飞,等.乳酸菌微生态制剂防治犊牛腹泻应用研究[J].中国奶牛,2014(17):55-58.
[22]WANG J P,YOO J S,KIM H J,et al.Nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009(125):298-303.
[23]肖海霞,托乎提·阿及德,石国庆,等.不同月龄断奶应激对马驹血清指标和体增重的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(11):2010-2019.
[24]杨海英,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化酶活性、血液指标和肠道微生物的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(7):914-919.
[25]李茂,字学娟,徐铁山,等.木薯叶粉对鹅生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3168-3174.
[26]KNOWLEST A,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D,et al.Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein,crystalline amino acid-supplemented diets for finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998(76):2818-2832.
[2]FRIZZOA L S,ZBRUNA M V,SOTOA L P,et al.Effects of probiotics on growth performance in young calves:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,169(3/4):147-156.
[3]董晓丽,张乃锋,周盟,等.复合菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1285-1292.
[4]TORRALLARDONA D,CONDE M R,BADIOLA T,et al.Effect of fishmeal replacement with spray dried animal plasma and colistin on intestinal structure,intestinal microbiology,and performance of weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K99[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(5):1220-1226.
[5]马爱霞,张新亮,胡士林.肉牛血液检测与病理分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(1):100-101.
[6]TRIPATHI M K,KARIM S A.Effect of individual and mixed live yeast culture feeding on growth performance,nutrient utilization and microbial crude protein synthesis in lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010(155):163-171.
[7]FRANCIA A D I,MASUCCI F,De ROSA G,et al.Effects of Aspergillus oryzae extract and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on intake,body weight gain and digestibility in buffalo calves[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008(140):67-77.
[8]KAWAS J R,GARCIA-CASTILLO R,FIMBRES-DU-RAZO H,et al.Effects of sodium bicarbonate and yeast on nutrient intake,digestibility,and ruminal fermentation of light-weight lambs fed finishing diets[J].Small Ruminant Research,2007(67):149-156.
[9]戴求仲,王向荣,蒋桂韬,等.日粮中添加芽胞杆菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及养分利用率的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2010,32(4):18-22.
[10]霍迪.饲喂各种枯草芽胞杆菌类益生菌产品对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2016(2):61-62.
[11]孙锡风,蒋万春,白莹,等.复合益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、屠体性能及养分表观利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(4):17-21.
[12]Van HEUGTEN E,FUNDERBURKE D W,DORTON KL.Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and fecal microflora in weanling pigs fed live yeast[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):1004-1012.
[13]符运勤,刁其玉,屠焰,等.不同组合益生菌对0~8周龄犊牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):753-761.
[14]林彬彬.断奶应激对仔猪肌肉氨基酸及能量代谢的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[15]王杰,艾萍萍,刁其玉,等.复合益生菌和纤维寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):881-890.
[16]FAIRBROTHER J M,NADEAU E,GYLES C L.Escherichia coli in post weaning diarrhea in pigs;an update on bacterial types,pathogenesis,and prevention strategies[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2005,6(1):17-39.
[17]于萍,王加启,卜登攀,等.日粮添加纳豆芽胞杆菌对断奶后犊牛胃肠道纤维分解菌的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(1):111-116.
[18]杨家军,钱坤,章薇,等.地衣芽胞杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化及营养物质代谢的影响研究[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(5):736-739.
[19]WHITE L A,NEWMAN M C,CROMWELL G L,et al.Brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(10):2619-2628.
[20]BON M L,DAVIES H E,GLYNM C,et al.Influence of probiotics on gut health in the weaned pig[J].Livestock Science,2010(133):179-181.
[21]姚国强,赵树平,高鹏飞,等.乳酸菌微生态制剂防治犊牛腹泻应用研究[J].中国奶牛,2014(17):55-58.
[22]WANG J P,YOO J S,KIM H J,et al.Nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009(125):298-303.
[23]肖海霞,托乎提·阿及德,石国庆,等.不同月龄断奶应激对马驹血清指标和体增重的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(11):2010-2019.
[24]杨海英,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化酶活性、血液指标和肠道微生物的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(7):914-919.
[25]李茂,字学娟,徐铁山,等.木薯叶粉对鹅生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3168-3174.
[26]KNOWLEST A,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D,et al.Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein,crystalline amino acid-supplemented diets for finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998(76):2818-2832.