“锰三角”区域松桃河大口鲇和斑鳜重金属富集及风险评价研究
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摘要
为了解松桃河鱼体重金属富集现状以及潜在的生态风险和食品安全,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光度法(HCHG-AFS)测定松桃河的大口鲇(Silurus meridoualis)、斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)肌肉和肝脏中Cd、Pb、Cr、Ag、Mn、Cu、Zn、Hg的含量。结果显示:两种鱼肌肉中Pb、Mn和Cu的含量差异不显著, Zn含量均最高;肝脏中Cr和Zn的含量差异不显著,Cu含量均最高。斑鳜肝脏中的Cd、Zn、Cu、Mn含量显著高于肌肉。大口鲇肝脏中的Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr、Mn含量显著高于肌肉。两种鱼体肌肉中7种重金属含量,均低于国家(GB2762-2017)和(GB18406.4-2001)限量标准。危害指数分析结果表明:食用松桃河大口鲇和斑鳜的健康风险较小。重金属的单因子污染指数和综合污染指数分析结果表明:松桃河鱼体Cd的污染程度较高,松桃河存在潜在的重金属污染风险。
The heavy metal content in the muscle and liver of Silurus meridoualis and Siniperca scherzeri were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry(HCHG AFS)to understand the present situation of heavy metal enrichment of fish in Songtao River,the potential ecological risk and food safety.The results showed that the content of Pb,Mn and Cu in the muscle had no significant difference between the two speices.Meanwhile, Zn content was the highest.The content of Cr and Zn in the liver was not significant,and the Cu content was the highest.Most of the heavy metal content in the liver of S.meridoualis and S.scherzeri was higher than that in muscle.The contents of Cd,Zn,Cu and Mn in the liver of S.scherzeri was significantly higher than that in muscle.Pb and Cr content were not significant in different tissues.The contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Cr and Mn in the liver of S.meridoualis were significantly higher than that in muscle.The contents of 7 kinds of heavy metals in the muscle of two speices were lower than the national limit standard.The results of hazard index showed that the human health risk of edible S.meridoualis and S.scherzeri in Songtao River was relatively low.The results of single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals showed that the pollution degree of Cd is high in fish from Songtao River,and there is a potential heavy metal pollution risk in Songtao River,which deserves attention.
The heavy metal content in the muscle and liver of Silurus meridoualis and Siniperca scherzeri were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry(HCHG AFS)to understand the present situation of heavy metal enrichment of fish in Songtao River,the potential ecological risk and food safety.The results showed that the content of Pb,Mn and Cu in the muscle had no significant difference between the two speices.Meanwhile, Zn content was the highest.The content of Cr and Zn in the liver was not significant,and the Cu content was the highest.Most of the heavy metal content in the liver of S.meridoualis and S.scherzeri was higher than that in muscle.The contents of Cd,Zn,Cu and Mn in the liver of S.scherzeri was significantly higher than that in muscle.Pb and Cr content were not significant in different tissues.The contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Cr and Mn in the liver of S.meridoualis were significantly higher than that in muscle.The contents of 7 kinds of heavy metals in the muscle of two speices were lower than the national limit standard.The results of hazard index showed that the human health risk of edible S.meridoualis and S.scherzeri in Songtao River was relatively low.The results of single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals showed that the pollution degree of Cd is high in fish from Songtao River,and there is a potential heavy metal pollution risk in Songtao River,which deserves attention.
引文
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[2] Woodward D F,Farag A M,Bergman H L,et al.Metals-contaminated benthic invertebrates in the Clark Fork River,Montana:Effects on age-0 brown trout and rainbow trout[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1994,52(9):1994-2004.
[3]蔡深文,倪朝辉,刘斌,等.赤水河主要经济鱼类重金属含量及风险评价[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(3):105-112.
[4]Zhou Q,Zhang J,Fu J,et al.Biomonitoring:an appealing tool for assessment of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem[J].Anal Chim Acta,2008,606(2):135-150.
[5]田林锋,胡继伟,罗桂林,等.贵州百花湖鱼体器官及肌肉组织中重金属的分布特征及其与水体重金属污染水平的相关性[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):714-722.
[6]王俊能,马鹏程,张丽娟,等.广西刁江野生鱼类重金属积累特征及其健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2600-2606.
[7] Sinha A K,Kumar V,Hps M,et al.Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition-A review[J].Food Chem,2011,127(4):1409-1426.
[8] Ahmad M K,Islam S,Rahman M S,et al.Heavy metals in water,sediment and some fishes of Buriganga River,Bangladesh[J].Int J Environ Res,2010,4(2):321-332.
[9]王丽,陈凡,马千里,等.东江惠州段鱼类重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):70-76.
[10]Squadrone S,Prearo M,Brizio P,et al.Heavy metals distribution in muscle,liver,kidney and gill of European catfish(Silurus glanis)from Italian Rivers[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(2):358-365.
[11]Jari I,?eljka V,Cvijanovi G,et al.Determination of differential heavy metal and trace element accumulation in liver,gills,intestine and muscle of sterlet(Acipenser ruthenus)from the Danube River in Serbia by ICP-OES[J].Microchem J,2011,98(1):77-81.
[12] Rahman M S,Molla A H,Saha N,et al.Study on heavy metals levels and its risk assessment in some edible fishes from Bangshi River,Savar,Dhaka,Bangladesh[J].Food Chem,2012,134(4):1847-1854.
[13]祝惠,阎百兴,张凤英.松花江鱼体中重金属的富集及污染评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):492-496.
[14]杨晓云,温勇,陈晓燕,等.重金属在北江鱼类和底栖动物体内的富集及污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6):194-198.
[15]余杨.三峡水库蓄水初期鱼类中重金属污染研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.
[16]陆新元.区域环境综合整治“锰三角”模式的启示[J].环境保护,2009,(1):26-29.
[17]张桂江.松桃:名自松桃河[J].当代贵州,2005,(12):56.
[18]代应贵,李敏.梵净山及邻近地区鱼类资源的现状[J].生物多样性,2006,14(1):55-64.
[19]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求:GB 18406.4—2001[S/OL].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[20]Peng Q,Nunes L M,Greenfield B K,et al.Are Chinese consumers at risk due to exposure to metals in crayfish?A bioaccessibility-adjusted probabilistic risk assessment.[J].Environ Int,2016,88:261-268.
[21]Yang F,Zhao L,Yan X,et al.Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Ruditapes philippinarum from China:Public Health Risk Assessment Implications[J].Inter J Env Res Pub Heal,2013,10(4):1392-1405.
[22]王岚,王亚平,许春雪,等.长江水系表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险性评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2599-2606.
[23]Uluturhan E,Kucuksezgin F.Heavy metal contaminants in Red Pandora(Pagellus erythrinus)tissues from the Eastern Aegean Sea,Turkey[J].Water Res,2007,41(6):1185-1192.
[24]Papagiannis I,Kagalou I,Leonardos J,et al.Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis(Greece)[J].Environ Int,2004,30(3):357-362.
[25]刘平,周益奇,臧利杰.北京农贸市场4种鱼类体内重金属污染调查[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):2062-2068.
[26]王兆群,肖扬.洪泽湖鱼体内重金属含量调查[J].环境监控与预警,2013,5(3):47-50.
[27]于霞,安艳玲,吴起鑫.赤水河流域表层沉积物重金属的污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1400-1407.
[28]陈贵良,姚林,张艳淑.镉对鲫鱼主要脏器中锌、铜含量的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2004,21(4):332-333.