Relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity: A meta-analysis
|
摘要
BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity.AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity.METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology.RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls(random effects MD = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.22-1.05; P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa(random effects MD = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.23-5.59; P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls(random effects MD = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.28-1.43; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThis meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.
BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity.AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity.METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology.RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls(random effects MD = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.22-1.05; P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa(random effects MD = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.23-5.59; P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls(random effects MD = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.28-1.43; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThis meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.
BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity.AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity.METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology.RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls(random effects MD = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.22-1.05; P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa(random effects MD = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.23-5.59; P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls(random effects MD = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.28-1.43; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThis meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.
引文
1 van der Klaauw AA,Farooqi IS.The hunger genes:pathways to obesity.Cell 2015;161:119-132[PMID:25815990 DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.008]
2 Ryan DH,Kahan S.Guideline Recommendations for Obesity Management.Med Clin North Am 2018;102:49-63[PMID:29156187 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.006]
3 Kushner RF,Kahan S.Introduction:The State of Obesity in 2017.Med Clin North Am 2018;102:1-11[PMID:29156178 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.003]
4 El-Lebedy DH,Ibrahim AA,Ashmawy IO.Novel adipokines vaspin and irisin as risk biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018;12:643-648[PMID:29673927 DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.025]
5 Polyzos SA,Anastasilakis AD,Efstathiadou ZA,Makras P,Perakakis N,Kountouras J,Mantzoros CS.Irisin in metabolic diseases.Endocrine 2018;59:260-274[PMID:29170905 DOI:10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1]
6 Park KH,Zaichenko L,Brinkoetter M,Thakkar B,Sahin-Efe A,Joung KE,Tsoukas MA,Geladari EV,Huh JY,Dincer F,Davis CR,Crowell JA,Mantzoros CS.Circulating irisin in relation to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:4899-4907[PMID:24057291 DOI:10.1210/jc.2013-2373]
7 Moreno-Navarrete JM,Ortega F,Serrano M,Guerra E,Pardo G,Tinahones F,Ricart W,Fernández-Real JM.Irisin is expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:E769-E778[PMID:23436919 DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-2749]
8 Polyzos SA,Kountouras J,Anastasilakis AD,Geladari EV,Mantzoros CS.Irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Metabolism 2014;63:207-217[PMID:24140091 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.013]
9 Cai X,Qiu S,Li L,Zügel M,Steinacker JM,Schumann U.Circulating irisin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome:a meta-analysis.Reprod Biomed Online 2018;36:172-180[PMID:29217128 DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.10.114]
10 Guo W,Zhang B,Wang X.Lower irisin levels in coronary artery disease:a meta-analysis.Minerva Endocrinol 2017[PMID:29160049 DOI:10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02663-3]
11 Bostr?m P,Wu J,Jedrychowski MP,Korde A,Ye L,Lo JC,Rasbach KA,Bostr?m EA,Choi JH,Long JZ,Kajimura S,Zingaretti MC,Vind BF,Tu H,Cinti S,H?jlund K,Gygi SP,Spiegelman BM.A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis.Nature 2012;481:463-468[PMID:22237023 DOI:10.1038/nature10777]
12 Crujeiras AB,Pardo M,Arturo RR,Navas-Carretero S,Zulet MA,Martínez JA,Casanueva FF.Longitudinal variation of circulating irisin after an energy restriction-induced weight loss and following weight regain in obese men and women.Am J Hum Biol 2014;26:198-207[PMID:24375850 DOI:10.1002/ajhb.22493]
13 Stengel A,Hofmann T,Goebel-Stengel M,Elbelt U,Kobelt P,Klapp BF.Circulating levels of irisin in patients with anorexia nervosa and different stages of obesity--correlation with body mass index.Peptides2013;39:125-130[PMID:23219488 DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.11.014]
14 Chen JQ,Fang LJ,Song KX,Wang XC,Huang YY,Chai SY,Bu L,Qu S.Serum Irisin Level is Higher and Related with Insulin in Acanthosis Nigricans-related Obesity.Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016;124:203-207[PMID:26588491 DOI:10.1055/s-0035-1565060]
15 Fagundo AB,Jiménez-Murcia S,Giner-BartoloméC,Agüera Z,Sauchelli S,Pardo M,Crujeiras AB,Granero R,Ba?os R,Botella C,de la Torre R,Fernández-Real JM,Fernández-García JC,Frühbeck G,Rodríguez A,Mallorquí-BaguéN,Tárrega S,Tinahones FJ,Rodriguez R,Ortega F,Menchón JM,Casanueva FF,Fernández-Aranda F.Modulation of Irisin and Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Obesity and Morbid obesity.Sci Rep 2016;6:30820[PMID:27476477 DOI:10.1038/srep30820]
16 Tibana RA,da Cunha Nascimento D,Frade de Souza NM,de Souza VC,de Sousa Neto IV,Voltarelli FA,Pereira GB,Navalta JW,Prestes J.Irisin Levels Are not Associated to Resistance Training-Induced Alterations in Body Mass Composition in Older Untrained Women with and without Obesity.J Nutr Health Aging 2017;21:241-246[PMID:28244561 DOI:10.1007/s12603-016-0748-4]
17 Belviranli M,Okudan N,?elik F.Association of Circulating Irisin with Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Obese Women.Horm Metab Res 2016;48:653-657[PMID:27632149 DOI:10.1055/s-0042-116155]
18 Hou N,Han F,Sun X.The relationship between circulating irisin levels and endothelial function in lean and obese subjects.Clin Endocrinol(Oxf)2015;83:339-343[PMID:25382211 DOI:10.1111/cen.12658]
19 Liu BW,Yin FZ,Qi XM,Fan DM,Zhang Y.The Levels of Serum Irisin as a Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Han Chinese Adults with Metabolically Healthy Obesity.Clin Lab 2017;63:881-886[PMID:28627815 DOI:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160805]
20 Palacios-González B,Vadillo-Ortega F,Polo-Oteyza E,Sánchez T,Ancira-Moreno M,Romero-Hidalgo S,Meráz N,Antuna-Puente B.Irisin levels before and after physical activity among school-age children with different BMI:a direct relation with leptin.Obesity(Silver Spring)2015;23:729-732[PMID:25820255 DOI:10.1002/oby.21029]
21 Elizondo-Montemayor L,Silva-Platas C,Torres-Quintanilla A,Rodríguez-López C,Ruiz-Esparza GU,Reyes-Mendoza E,Garcia-Rivas G.Association of Irisin Plasma Levels with Anthropometric Parameters in Children with Underweight,Normal Weight,Overweight,and Obesity.Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:2628968[PMID:28553647 DOI:10.1155/2017/2628968]
22 Nigro E,Scudiero O,Ludovica Monaco M,Polito R,Schettino P,Grandone A,Perrone L,Miraglia Del Giudice E,Daniele A.Adiponectin profile and Irisin expression in Italian obese children:Association with insulin-resistance.Cytokine 2017;94:8-13[PMID:28385328 DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.018]
23 Begg CB,Mazumdar M.Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias.Biometrics 1994;50:1088-1101[PMID:7786990 DOI:10.2307/2533446]
24 Egger M,Davey Smith G,Schneider M,Minder C.Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple,graphical test.BMJ 1997;315:629-634[PMID:9310563 DOI:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629]
25 Higgins JP,Thompson SG,Deeks JJ,Altman DG.Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.BMJ 2003;327:557-560[PMID:12958120 DOI:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557]
26 Viitasalo A,?gren J,Ven?l?inen T,Pihlajam?ki J,J??skel?inen J,Korkmaz A,Atalay M,Lakka TA.Association of plasma fatty acid composition with plasma irisin levels in normal weight and overweight/obese children.Pediatr Obes 2016;11:299-305[PMID:26305484 DOI:10.1111/ijpo.12062]
27 Mehrabian S,Taheri E,Karkhaneh M,Qorbani M,Hosseini S.Association of circulating irisin levels with normal weight obesity,glycemic and lipid profile.J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016;15:17[PMID:27354972 DOI:10.1186/s40200-016-0239-5]
28 Rizk FH,Elshweikh SA,Abd El-Naby AY.Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome.Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016;94:359-362[PMID:26695389 DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2015-0371]
29 Shoukry A,Shalaby SM,El-Arabi Bdeer S,Mahmoud AA,Mousa MM,Khalifa A.Circulating serum irisin levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.IUBMB Life 2016;68:544-556[PMID:27220658DOI:10.1002/iub.1511]
30 Jang HB,Kim HJ,Kang JH,Park SI,Park KH,Lee HJ.Association of circulating irisin levels with metabolic and metabolite profiles of Korean adolescents.Metabolism 2017;73:100-108[PMID:28732566 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.05.007]
31 Sahin-Efe A,Upadhyay J,Ko BJ,Dincer F,Park KH,Migdal A,Vokonas P,Mantzoros C.Irisin and leptin concentrations in relation to obesity,and developing type 2 diabetes:A cross sectional and a prospective case-control study nested in the Normative Aging Study.Metabolism 2018;79:24-32[PMID:29108900 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.011]
32 Perakakis N,Triantafyllou GA,Fernández-Real JM,Huh JY,Park KH,Seufert J,Mantzoros CS.Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis.Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017;13:324-337[PMID:28211512 DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2016.221]
33 Kim HJ,Lee HJ,So B,Son JS,Yoon D,Song W.Effect of aerobic training and resistance training on circulating irisin level and their association with change of body composition in overweight/obese adults:a pilot study.Physiol Res 2016;65:271-279[PMID:26447516]
34 Pathak K,Woodman RJ,James AP,Soares MJ.Fasting and glucose induced thermogenesis in response to three ambient temperatures:a randomized crossover trial in the metabolic syndrome.Eur J Clin Nutr 2018;72:1421-1430[PMID:29326420 DOI:10.1038/s41430-017-0058-x]
35 Daneshi-Maskooni M,Keshavarz SA,Mansouri S,Qorbani M,Alavian SM,Badri-Fariman M,JazayeriTehrani SA,Sotoudeh G.The effects of green cardamom on blood glucose indices,lipids,inflammatory factors,paraxonase-1,sirtuin-1,and irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity:study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials 2017;18:260[PMID:28592311 DOI:10.1186/s13063-017-1979-3]
36 Hron BM,Ebbeling CB,Feldman HA,Ludwig DS.Hepatic,adipocyte,enteric and pancreatic hormones:response to dietary macronutrient composition and relationship with metabolism.Nutr Metab(Lond)2017;14:44[PMID:28694840 DOI:10.1186/s12986-017-0198-y]
37 Blüher S,Panagiotou G,Petroff D,Markert J,Wagner A,Klemm T,Filippaios A,Keller A,Mantzoros CS.Effects of a 1-year exercise and lifestyle intervention on irisin,adipokines,and inflammatory markers in obese children.Obesity(Silver Spring)2014;22:1701-1708[PMID:24644099 DOI:10.1002/oby.20739]
38 Murawska-Cialowicz E,Wojna J,Zuwala-Jagiello J.Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest,after wingate and progressive tests,and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women.J Physiol Pharmacol 2015;66:811-821[PMID:26769830]
39 Kim HJ,So B,Choi M,Kang D,Song W.Resistance exercise training increases the expression of irisin concomitant with improvement of muscle function in aging mice and humans.Exp Gerontol 2015;70:11-17[PMID:26183690 DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.006]
40 Jedrychowski MP,Wrann CD,Paulo JA,Gerber KK,Szpyt J,Robinson MM,Nair KS,Gygi SP,Spiegelman BM.Detection and Quantitation of Circulating Human Irisin by Tandem Mass Spectrometry.Cell Metab 2015;22:734-740[PMID:26278051 DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.001]
2 Ryan DH,Kahan S.Guideline Recommendations for Obesity Management.Med Clin North Am 2018;102:49-63[PMID:29156187 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.006]
3 Kushner RF,Kahan S.Introduction:The State of Obesity in 2017.Med Clin North Am 2018;102:1-11[PMID:29156178 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.003]
4 El-Lebedy DH,Ibrahim AA,Ashmawy IO.Novel adipokines vaspin and irisin as risk biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018;12:643-648[PMID:29673927 DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.025]
5 Polyzos SA,Anastasilakis AD,Efstathiadou ZA,Makras P,Perakakis N,Kountouras J,Mantzoros CS.Irisin in metabolic diseases.Endocrine 2018;59:260-274[PMID:29170905 DOI:10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1]
6 Park KH,Zaichenko L,Brinkoetter M,Thakkar B,Sahin-Efe A,Joung KE,Tsoukas MA,Geladari EV,Huh JY,Dincer F,Davis CR,Crowell JA,Mantzoros CS.Circulating irisin in relation to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:4899-4907[PMID:24057291 DOI:10.1210/jc.2013-2373]
7 Moreno-Navarrete JM,Ortega F,Serrano M,Guerra E,Pardo G,Tinahones F,Ricart W,Fernández-Real JM.Irisin is expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:E769-E778[PMID:23436919 DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-2749]
8 Polyzos SA,Kountouras J,Anastasilakis AD,Geladari EV,Mantzoros CS.Irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Metabolism 2014;63:207-217[PMID:24140091 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.013]
9 Cai X,Qiu S,Li L,Zügel M,Steinacker JM,Schumann U.Circulating irisin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome:a meta-analysis.Reprod Biomed Online 2018;36:172-180[PMID:29217128 DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.10.114]
10 Guo W,Zhang B,Wang X.Lower irisin levels in coronary artery disease:a meta-analysis.Minerva Endocrinol 2017[PMID:29160049 DOI:10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02663-3]
11 Bostr?m P,Wu J,Jedrychowski MP,Korde A,Ye L,Lo JC,Rasbach KA,Bostr?m EA,Choi JH,Long JZ,Kajimura S,Zingaretti MC,Vind BF,Tu H,Cinti S,H?jlund K,Gygi SP,Spiegelman BM.A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis.Nature 2012;481:463-468[PMID:22237023 DOI:10.1038/nature10777]
12 Crujeiras AB,Pardo M,Arturo RR,Navas-Carretero S,Zulet MA,Martínez JA,Casanueva FF.Longitudinal variation of circulating irisin after an energy restriction-induced weight loss and following weight regain in obese men and women.Am J Hum Biol 2014;26:198-207[PMID:24375850 DOI:10.1002/ajhb.22493]
13 Stengel A,Hofmann T,Goebel-Stengel M,Elbelt U,Kobelt P,Klapp BF.Circulating levels of irisin in patients with anorexia nervosa and different stages of obesity--correlation with body mass index.Peptides2013;39:125-130[PMID:23219488 DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.11.014]
14 Chen JQ,Fang LJ,Song KX,Wang XC,Huang YY,Chai SY,Bu L,Qu S.Serum Irisin Level is Higher and Related with Insulin in Acanthosis Nigricans-related Obesity.Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016;124:203-207[PMID:26588491 DOI:10.1055/s-0035-1565060]
15 Fagundo AB,Jiménez-Murcia S,Giner-BartoloméC,Agüera Z,Sauchelli S,Pardo M,Crujeiras AB,Granero R,Ba?os R,Botella C,de la Torre R,Fernández-Real JM,Fernández-García JC,Frühbeck G,Rodríguez A,Mallorquí-BaguéN,Tárrega S,Tinahones FJ,Rodriguez R,Ortega F,Menchón JM,Casanueva FF,Fernández-Aranda F.Modulation of Irisin and Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Obesity and Morbid obesity.Sci Rep 2016;6:30820[PMID:27476477 DOI:10.1038/srep30820]
16 Tibana RA,da Cunha Nascimento D,Frade de Souza NM,de Souza VC,de Sousa Neto IV,Voltarelli FA,Pereira GB,Navalta JW,Prestes J.Irisin Levels Are not Associated to Resistance Training-Induced Alterations in Body Mass Composition in Older Untrained Women with and without Obesity.J Nutr Health Aging 2017;21:241-246[PMID:28244561 DOI:10.1007/s12603-016-0748-4]
17 Belviranli M,Okudan N,?elik F.Association of Circulating Irisin with Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Obese Women.Horm Metab Res 2016;48:653-657[PMID:27632149 DOI:10.1055/s-0042-116155]
18 Hou N,Han F,Sun X.The relationship between circulating irisin levels and endothelial function in lean and obese subjects.Clin Endocrinol(Oxf)2015;83:339-343[PMID:25382211 DOI:10.1111/cen.12658]
19 Liu BW,Yin FZ,Qi XM,Fan DM,Zhang Y.The Levels of Serum Irisin as a Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Han Chinese Adults with Metabolically Healthy Obesity.Clin Lab 2017;63:881-886[PMID:28627815 DOI:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160805]
20 Palacios-González B,Vadillo-Ortega F,Polo-Oteyza E,Sánchez T,Ancira-Moreno M,Romero-Hidalgo S,Meráz N,Antuna-Puente B.Irisin levels before and after physical activity among school-age children with different BMI:a direct relation with leptin.Obesity(Silver Spring)2015;23:729-732[PMID:25820255 DOI:10.1002/oby.21029]
21 Elizondo-Montemayor L,Silva-Platas C,Torres-Quintanilla A,Rodríguez-López C,Ruiz-Esparza GU,Reyes-Mendoza E,Garcia-Rivas G.Association of Irisin Plasma Levels with Anthropometric Parameters in Children with Underweight,Normal Weight,Overweight,and Obesity.Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:2628968[PMID:28553647 DOI:10.1155/2017/2628968]
22 Nigro E,Scudiero O,Ludovica Monaco M,Polito R,Schettino P,Grandone A,Perrone L,Miraglia Del Giudice E,Daniele A.Adiponectin profile and Irisin expression in Italian obese children:Association with insulin-resistance.Cytokine 2017;94:8-13[PMID:28385328 DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.018]
23 Begg CB,Mazumdar M.Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias.Biometrics 1994;50:1088-1101[PMID:7786990 DOI:10.2307/2533446]
24 Egger M,Davey Smith G,Schneider M,Minder C.Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple,graphical test.BMJ 1997;315:629-634[PMID:9310563 DOI:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629]
25 Higgins JP,Thompson SG,Deeks JJ,Altman DG.Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.BMJ 2003;327:557-560[PMID:12958120 DOI:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557]
26 Viitasalo A,?gren J,Ven?l?inen T,Pihlajam?ki J,J??skel?inen J,Korkmaz A,Atalay M,Lakka TA.Association of plasma fatty acid composition with plasma irisin levels in normal weight and overweight/obese children.Pediatr Obes 2016;11:299-305[PMID:26305484 DOI:10.1111/ijpo.12062]
27 Mehrabian S,Taheri E,Karkhaneh M,Qorbani M,Hosseini S.Association of circulating irisin levels with normal weight obesity,glycemic and lipid profile.J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016;15:17[PMID:27354972 DOI:10.1186/s40200-016-0239-5]
28 Rizk FH,Elshweikh SA,Abd El-Naby AY.Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome.Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016;94:359-362[PMID:26695389 DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2015-0371]
29 Shoukry A,Shalaby SM,El-Arabi Bdeer S,Mahmoud AA,Mousa MM,Khalifa A.Circulating serum irisin levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.IUBMB Life 2016;68:544-556[PMID:27220658DOI:10.1002/iub.1511]
30 Jang HB,Kim HJ,Kang JH,Park SI,Park KH,Lee HJ.Association of circulating irisin levels with metabolic and metabolite profiles of Korean adolescents.Metabolism 2017;73:100-108[PMID:28732566 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.05.007]
31 Sahin-Efe A,Upadhyay J,Ko BJ,Dincer F,Park KH,Migdal A,Vokonas P,Mantzoros C.Irisin and leptin concentrations in relation to obesity,and developing type 2 diabetes:A cross sectional and a prospective case-control study nested in the Normative Aging Study.Metabolism 2018;79:24-32[PMID:29108900 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.011]
32 Perakakis N,Triantafyllou GA,Fernández-Real JM,Huh JY,Park KH,Seufert J,Mantzoros CS.Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis.Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017;13:324-337[PMID:28211512 DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2016.221]
33 Kim HJ,Lee HJ,So B,Son JS,Yoon D,Song W.Effect of aerobic training and resistance training on circulating irisin level and their association with change of body composition in overweight/obese adults:a pilot study.Physiol Res 2016;65:271-279[PMID:26447516]
34 Pathak K,Woodman RJ,James AP,Soares MJ.Fasting and glucose induced thermogenesis in response to three ambient temperatures:a randomized crossover trial in the metabolic syndrome.Eur J Clin Nutr 2018;72:1421-1430[PMID:29326420 DOI:10.1038/s41430-017-0058-x]
35 Daneshi-Maskooni M,Keshavarz SA,Mansouri S,Qorbani M,Alavian SM,Badri-Fariman M,JazayeriTehrani SA,Sotoudeh G.The effects of green cardamom on blood glucose indices,lipids,inflammatory factors,paraxonase-1,sirtuin-1,and irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity:study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials 2017;18:260[PMID:28592311 DOI:10.1186/s13063-017-1979-3]
36 Hron BM,Ebbeling CB,Feldman HA,Ludwig DS.Hepatic,adipocyte,enteric and pancreatic hormones:response to dietary macronutrient composition and relationship with metabolism.Nutr Metab(Lond)2017;14:44[PMID:28694840 DOI:10.1186/s12986-017-0198-y]
37 Blüher S,Panagiotou G,Petroff D,Markert J,Wagner A,Klemm T,Filippaios A,Keller A,Mantzoros CS.Effects of a 1-year exercise and lifestyle intervention on irisin,adipokines,and inflammatory markers in obese children.Obesity(Silver Spring)2014;22:1701-1708[PMID:24644099 DOI:10.1002/oby.20739]
38 Murawska-Cialowicz E,Wojna J,Zuwala-Jagiello J.Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest,after wingate and progressive tests,and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women.J Physiol Pharmacol 2015;66:811-821[PMID:26769830]
39 Kim HJ,So B,Choi M,Kang D,Song W.Resistance exercise training increases the expression of irisin concomitant with improvement of muscle function in aging mice and humans.Exp Gerontol 2015;70:11-17[PMID:26183690 DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.006]
40 Jedrychowski MP,Wrann CD,Paulo JA,Gerber KK,Szpyt J,Robinson MM,Nair KS,Gygi SP,Spiegelman BM.Detection and Quantitation of Circulating Human Irisin by Tandem Mass Spectrometry.Cell Metab 2015;22:734-740[PMID:26278051 DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.001]