呼和浩特市大气污染特征及气象影响因子研究
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摘要
利用呼和浩特市2015-2016年PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、CO_2、NO和O_3六种大气污染物的小时质量浓度数据,分析了各污染物日空气质量分指数(IAQI)与日空气质量指数(AQI)的时间变化特征,并结合气象要素资料,确定了影响污染物IAQI变化的主要气象因子,以及IAQI(PM_(2.5))>100、IAQI(PM_(10))>150和IAQI(O_3)>100时的污染气象指标。结果表明:(1)呼和浩特市大气污染有明显的季节变化规律,颗粒物的极端污染事件主要发生在采暖期与沙尘高发期,紫外线照射最强季节易于出现O_3的轻度污染事件;(2)秋末及冬季小风、增温、高湿的天气,易于产生PM_(2.5)污染事件,夏季高温、辐射强烈、水汽压高,利于O_3形成并积累,春秋季风力加大,易于形成道路扬尘及沙尘天气,是造成PM_(10)污染的重要原因;(3)通过利用2017年污染物与气象要素实况监测数据,对污染气象指标进行检验,发现这三种污染气象指标的准确率分别为82.5%、75%和81.1%。
The seasonal variation characteristics of daily individual air quality index(IAQI) and daily air quality index(AQI) were analyzed by using hourly mass concentration data of PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, CO_2, NO and O_3 from 2015 to 2016 in Hohhot. Combining with meteorological elements, the meteorological influence factors that affect the change of IAQI and the pollution meteorological indexes in the case of IAQI(PM_(2.5))>100, IAQI(PM_(10))>150 and IAQI(O_3)>100 were determined. The results show that(i) The air pollution has obviously seasonal variation regularity. The extreme pollution events of particulate mainly occurred in heating period and the high-incidence season of the sand and dust weather, the O_3's slightly pollution events were easy to occur in the season of strongest ultraviolet radiation.(ii) Under the condition of breeze, increasing temperature and high humidity weather in late autumn and winter it was easy to produce PM_(2.5) pollution events, high temperature, strong radiation and high water vapor pressure in summer were conducive to the formation and accumulation of O_3, strong wind in spring and autumn were easy to form road dust and the sand and dust weather, which was an important reason forming PM_(10) pollution.(iii) By using pollutants and meteorological elements observed data in 2017, the pollution meteorological indexes were tested, the accuracy rate of the three pollution meteorological indexes was 82.5%, 75% and 81.1%, respectively.
The seasonal variation characteristics of daily individual air quality index(IAQI) and daily air quality index(AQI) were analyzed by using hourly mass concentration data of PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, CO_2, NO and O_3 from 2015 to 2016 in Hohhot. Combining with meteorological elements, the meteorological influence factors that affect the change of IAQI and the pollution meteorological indexes in the case of IAQI(PM_(2.5))>100, IAQI(PM_(10))>150 and IAQI(O_3)>100 were determined. The results show that(i) The air pollution has obviously seasonal variation regularity. The extreme pollution events of particulate mainly occurred in heating period and the high-incidence season of the sand and dust weather, the O_3's slightly pollution events were easy to occur in the season of strongest ultraviolet radiation.(ii) Under the condition of breeze, increasing temperature and high humidity weather in late autumn and winter it was easy to produce PM_(2.5) pollution events, high temperature, strong radiation and high water vapor pressure in summer were conducive to the formation and accumulation of O_3, strong wind in spring and autumn were easy to form road dust and the sand and dust weather, which was an important reason forming PM_(10) pollution.(iii) By using pollutants and meteorological elements observed data in 2017, the pollution meteorological indexes were tested, the accuracy rate of the three pollution meteorological indexes was 82.5%, 75% and 81.1%, respectively.
引文
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[18] 吴锴,康平,于雷,等.2015-2016年中国城市臭氧浓度时空变化规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(6):2179-2190.
[19] 李晓宇,璩向宁,赵希妮,等.银川市大气污染物变化特征及影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(3):28-33.
[2] 蔡仁,李霞,赵克明,等.乌鲁木齐大气污染特征及气象条件的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014(S1):40-48.
[3] 王冠岚,薛建军,张建忠. 2014年京津冀空气污染时空分布特征及主要成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):34-42.
[4] 曲晓黎,付桂琴,贾俊妹,等. 2005-2009年石家庄空气质量分布特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(3):29-32.
[5] 王琪,孙巍,张新宇.北京地区PM2.5质量浓度分布及其与气象条件影响关系分析[J].计算机与应用化学,2014,31(10):1193-1196.
[6] Mamtimin B, Meixner F X. The characteristics of air pollution in the semi-arid city of Urumqi ( NW China) and its relation to climatological process[J].Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2007(9): 06537.
[7] 程丛兰,李青春,刘伟东,等.北京地区一次典型大雾天气的空气污染过程物理量分布特征[J].气象科技, 2003, 31(6):345-350.
[8] 任雅斌,苏继锋,朱彬,等.南京市一次连续空气污染过程的气象条件分析[J].环境监控与预警,2012,4(1):6-10.
[9] 李迈,梁荣,董勇.呼和浩特市城市外部空间形态扩展方向与影响因素分析[J].区域经济,2013(2):31-33.
[10] 宋学锋,佟小林,宋美霞.呼和浩特市大气稳定度分析[J].气象,2007,33(S1):107-110.
[11] 张丽君,高震风.呼和浩特城市污染气象条件及污染成因分析[C].北京:全国大气环境学术会议,1998:52-56.
[12] 尤莉, 宫德吉.冬季呼市地面流场特点及成因分析[J].内蒙古气象,2001(3):22-24.
[13] 王艳琴.环境保护部发布HJ633-2012《环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行)》[J].中国标准导报, 2012(4):49-49.
[14] 吴昊旻,王伟征,麻碧华,等.丽水市大气污染的时空分布特征及与气象要素的相关分析[J].环境污染与防治, 2012(10):51-55.
[15] 赵辉,郑有飞,徐静馨,等.乌鲁木齐市大气污染物浓度的变化特征[J].环境化学,2015,34(11):2118-2126.
[16] 那雅欣,魏建新,龚丽春,等.乌鲁木齐建成区颗粒物污染的变化规律及其相关性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018, 32(6):187-193.
[17] 王琮淙,邱国玉,黄晓峰,等.城市热岛效应与PM2.5的关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(5):191-195.
[18] 吴锴,康平,于雷,等.2015-2016年中国城市臭氧浓度时空变化规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(6):2179-2190.
[19] 李晓宇,璩向宁,赵希妮,等.银川市大气污染物变化特征及影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(3):28-33.