周期性高温对丽蚜小蜂田间应用效果的影响
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摘要
为了探究高温逆境条件下丽蚜小蜂在田间的释放效果及高温对丽蚜小蜂生长发育、生殖及存活的影响,设计了田间及室内验证试验。在夏季高温季节监测棚内温度,并释放丽蚜小蜂,测定其对粉虱的防治效果。在室内周期性重复高温(26、30、35、40、45℃),测定高温对丽蚜小蜂羽化率、寿命及产卵量的影响。结果表明,夏季高温季节释放丽蚜小蜂,其对粉虱的控制效果较差,并且在田间寄生率较低。温度升高,丽蚜小蜂蛹羽化率、寿命及产卵量均随之降低。26～45℃丽蚜小蜂羽化率从93.45%降至0;寿命从13.55 d下降至1 d;产卵量从92.05头下降至0头。繁育丽蚜小蜂的温度最好控制在30℃以下;在田间应用过程中棚内温度不要长时间保持在35℃以上,否则严重影响丽蚜小蜂的应用效果。
To understand the control effect of Encarsia formosa on whitefly in greenhouses under heat stress and the effect of heat stress on the growth behavior of E.formosa, we designed experiments inside and outside the laboratory. We monitored temperature of greenhouse in summer and applied E.formosa to control whitefly. In addition, we conducted an experiment to understand the impacts of periodic repeated heat events on the emergence rate, longevity, fecundity of E.formosa. The results showed that the control effect of E.formosa to whitefly was poor during the summer. E.formosa had a low parasitic rate in the field. The emergence rate, longevity, fecundity of E.formosa decreased significantly with the increase of temperature. At 26-45℃, the emergence rate of E.formosa decreased from 93.45% to 0, and the longevity decreased from 13.55 d to 1 d, while the fecundity decreased from 92.05 to 0 individual. The highest temperature should be below 30℃ when breeding E.formosa; the temperature in the greenhouse shouldn't be above 35℃ for a long time when applying E.formosa; otherwise, it might affect the application of E.formosa.
To understand the control effect of Encarsia formosa on whitefly in greenhouses under heat stress and the effect of heat stress on the growth behavior of E.formosa, we designed experiments inside and outside the laboratory. We monitored temperature of greenhouse in summer and applied E.formosa to control whitefly. In addition, we conducted an experiment to understand the impacts of periodic repeated heat events on the emergence rate, longevity, fecundity of E.formosa. The results showed that the control effect of E.formosa to whitefly was poor during the summer. E.formosa had a low parasitic rate in the field. The emergence rate, longevity, fecundity of E.formosa decreased significantly with the increase of temperature. At 26-45℃, the emergence rate of E.formosa decreased from 93.45% to 0, and the longevity decreased from 13.55 d to 1 d, while the fecundity decreased from 92.05 to 0 individual. The highest temperature should be below 30℃ when breeding E.formosa; the temperature in the greenhouse shouldn't be above 35℃ for a long time when applying E.formosa; otherwise, it might affect the application of E.formosa.
引文
[1] 马春森,陈瑞鹿.温度对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)发育和繁殖影响的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1993(3):44-49.
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[6] 袁秀萍,汪小东,王佳武,等.短时高温对加州新小绥螨发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):853-858.
[7] 李永涛,刘敏,潘云飞,等.短时高温暴露处理对双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein生长发育的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(1):40-47.
[8] 李鸿筠,刘映红,刘浩强,等.高温对尼氏钝绥螨的影响[J].中国生物防治,2009,25(S1):1-5.
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[14] 张世泽,郭建英,万方浩,等.温度对不同品系丽蚜小蜂发育、存活和寿命的影响[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(3):174-177.
[15] 王琳,马春森.周期性重复高温对昆虫的生态学效应[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(6):1499-1508.
[16] 史彩华,胡静荣,张友军.高温对昆虫生殖生理的影响及其在农业害虫防治中的展望[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(3):24-32.
[17] 戴鹏.繁殖寄主对粉虱寄生蜂取食寄主和寄生能力的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[18] 王玉波,李梦,郑礼.释放丽蚜小蜂防治越冬番茄温室白粉虱技术研究[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(11):38-41.
[19] 王玉波,方美娟,何晓庆,等.丽蚜小蜂及配套措施联合控制技术对温室粉虱的防治效果[J].河北农业科学,2015,19(2):36-40.
[20] 徐维红,朱国仁,李桂兰,等.温度对丽蚜小蜂寄生烟粉虱生物学特性的影响[J].中国生物防治,2003,19(3):103-106.
[21] 周淑香,李玉,张帆.高温冲击对沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)诱导孤雌产雌的丽蚜小蜂(Encarsia formosa)生殖和发育的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4732-4737.
[22] MOSELEY P L.Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism [J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1997,83(5):1413-1417.
[2] RATTE H T.Temperature and insect development [M]//HOFFMANN K H.Environmental physiology and biochemistry of insects.Berlin Heidelberg,NewYork:Springer-Verlag,1984:33-65.
[3] HOFFMANN K H.Metabolic and enzyme adaptation to temperature [M]//HOFFMANN K H.Environmental physiology and biochemistry of insects.Berlin Heidelberg,NewYork:Springer-Verlag,1985:1-2.
[4] LóPEZ,J D,MORRISON R K.Effects of high temperatures on Trichogramma pretiosum programmed for field release [J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1980,73(5):667-670.
[5] 刘文静,于毅,张安盛,等.高温冲击对东亚小花蝽存活及生殖特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(2):77-79.
[6] 袁秀萍,汪小东,王佳武,等.短时高温对加州新小绥螨发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):853-858.
[7] 李永涛,刘敏,潘云飞,等.短时高温暴露处理对双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein生长发育的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(1):40-47.
[8] 李鸿筠,刘映红,刘浩强,等.高温对尼氏钝绥螨的影响[J].中国生物防治,2009,25(S1):1-5.
[9] HODDLE M S,VAN DRIESCHE R G,SANDERSON J P.Biology and use of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1998,43:645-669.
[10] 李元喜,罗晨,周长青.烟粉虱两种寄生蜂生物学特性及寄主竞争关系研究[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(7):738-744.
[11] CHEN Z,XU R,KUANG R P,et al.Phototactic behaviour of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,2016,26(2):250-262.
[12] 徐维红,朱国仁,李桂兰,等.温度对丽蚜小蜂寄生烟粉虱生物学特性的影响[J].中国生物防治,2003,19(3):103-106.
[13] 朱楠,王玉波,张海强,等.光周期、温度对丽蚜小蜂生长发育的影响[J].植物保护学报,2011,38(4):381-382.
[14] 张世泽,郭建英,万方浩,等.温度对不同品系丽蚜小蜂发育、存活和寿命的影响[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(3):174-177.
[15] 王琳,马春森.周期性重复高温对昆虫的生态学效应[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(6):1499-1508.
[16] 史彩华,胡静荣,张友军.高温对昆虫生殖生理的影响及其在农业害虫防治中的展望[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(3):24-32.
[17] 戴鹏.繁殖寄主对粉虱寄生蜂取食寄主和寄生能力的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[18] 王玉波,李梦,郑礼.释放丽蚜小蜂防治越冬番茄温室白粉虱技术研究[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(11):38-41.
[19] 王玉波,方美娟,何晓庆,等.丽蚜小蜂及配套措施联合控制技术对温室粉虱的防治效果[J].河北农业科学,2015,19(2):36-40.
[20] 徐维红,朱国仁,李桂兰,等.温度对丽蚜小蜂寄生烟粉虱生物学特性的影响[J].中国生物防治,2003,19(3):103-106.
[21] 周淑香,李玉,张帆.高温冲击对沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)诱导孤雌产雌的丽蚜小蜂(Encarsia formosa)生殖和发育的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4732-4737.
[22] MOSELEY P L.Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism [J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1997,83(5):1413-1417.