清代闽西的生态压力与人口迁徙——基于高头江氏族谱与契约的分析
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摘要
高头多山,自然条件有限。明末以降,高头江氏为解决因人口过度增长所带来的生态压力,不得不选择向外迁徙。而乾嘉道时期东山房江汉蟾家族,尤其是泊清房的兴起表明,虽然高头人地关系紧张,但江文亮等叔侄凭借自身优势,持续在高头购产置业,成为高头土地交易中的重要受入方。与此同时,在社会经济竞争中失败的江文锦,则只能变卖家产,抵充迁台资费,成为高头江氏向外迁徙队伍中的一员。
Gaotou is a mountainous poor area. Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jiang's family in Gaotou had to choose to migrate outwards in order to release the ecological pressure brought by the excessive population growth. However, the rise of Jiang Hanchan family in Dong Shanfang Family, of which Boqing House in particular, during the reign from Emperor Qianlong to Emperor Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, showed that although the relationship between people and land is tense, Jiang Wenliang and other uncles and nephews, with their own advantages, continued to settle down and purchase property in Gao Tou and became important recipients in the transaction of Gao Tou land. At the same time, Jiang Wen Jin, who had failed in the social and economic competition, could only sell his family property to offset the cost of moving to Taiwan and became a member of Gao Toujiang's outward migration.
Gaotou is a mountainous poor area. Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jiang's family in Gaotou had to choose to migrate outwards in order to release the ecological pressure brought by the excessive population growth. However, the rise of Jiang Hanchan family in Dong Shanfang Family, of which Boqing House in particular, during the reign from Emperor Qianlong to Emperor Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, showed that although the relationship between people and land is tense, Jiang Wenliang and other uncles and nephews, with their own advantages, continued to settle down and purchase property in Gao Tou and became important recipients in the transaction of Gao Tou land. At the same time, Jiang Wen Jin, who had failed in the social and economic competition, could only sell his family property to offset the cost of moving to Taiwan and became a member of Gao Toujiang's outward migration.
引文
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[2] 戴一峰.环境与发展:二十世纪上半期闽西农村的社会经济[J].中国社会经济史研究,2000(4):1-12.
[3] 永定县统计局.永定县2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[R].2011-08-29.
[4] 中国人民政治协商会议永定县文史资料委员会编.永定文史资料第15辑[M].永定县政协文史委员会,1996:53-61.
[5] 沈丽娟.明清以来区域社会的科举、婚姻与移民现象——以福建永定县《济阳江氏高头族谱(南山房)》为例[J].西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(3):23-28.
[6] 厦门大学民间历史文献研究中心.田野学步厦门大学历史系本科田野调查报告集2004-2010[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2017.
[7] 福建省龙岩市政协文史和学习委员会.闽西文史资料第12辑闽西名祠古茔[M].龙岩:福建省龙岩市政协文史和学习委员会,2010:86.
[8] 吴福文,张树廷.闽西客家研究丛书海峡客家论集[M].成都:四川民族出版社,2012:152-155.
[9] 刘永华.明中叶至民国时期华南地区的族田和乡村社会——以闽西四保为中心[J].中国经济史研究,2005(3):52-60.