小兴安岭凉水阔叶红松林地表隐翅虫群落空间异质性
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摘要
土壤动物群落空间异质性和空间格局,是揭示土壤动物生态学过程和形成机制以及生态系统服务功能的重要前提。本研究以凉水国家自然保护区为研究区域,于2015年7、8和10月采用陷阱法捕获阔叶红松林地表隐翅虫。基于地统计空间分析方法揭示地表隐翅虫群落的空间自相关性、空间异质性、空间分布格局及其与环境因子的关系。3次采样共捕获隐翅虫成虫421只22种,调查月份隐翅虫个体数和物种数均表现为强变异,群落组成具有显著差异。Moran I系数表明隐翅虫群落及物种个体数在0～300 m的空间尺度上表现为复杂的空间自相关性,并在某一尺度或尺度范围上具显著性。隐翅虫群落在调查月份内具有中等的空间异质性,其空间变异由结构性和随机性因素共同调控。随着季节变冷,群落空间格局单一,斑块结构不显著。物种之间的空间关系因物种的多度等级而不同,物种与环境因子之间存在复杂的(正的或负的)空间关联性,但简单Mantel检验并未发现二者存在显著的空间关联性; CCA分析结果表明,地形和土壤因子对地表隐翅虫物种分布变化的影响不显著。本文揭示了隐翅虫成虫空间异质性和空间格局的变化特征,为研究地表隐翅虫群落物种构建机制及生物多样性维持机制奠定基础。
Understanding the spatial heterogeneity and spatial pattern of soil animal community is an important premise to reveal the ecological processes and formation mechanisms of soil animal community and related ecosystem services. The trap method was used to capture ground-dwelling Staphylinidae in a broadleaved and Korean pine forest in Liangshui National Nature Reserve in July,August,and October 2015. Based on the geostatistical analysis,we analyzed the spatial autocorrelation,spatial heterogeneity,spatial distribution pattern and its relationship with environmental factors of ground-dwelling Staphylinidae community. In total,421 individuals that belonged to 22 species of Staphylinidae were caught in the three samplings. The species and individual abundance of Staphylinidae varied greatly among survey months. The community composition significantly differed among different months. Results of Moran's I coefficient indicated that the species and individual abundance of Staphylinidae community showed a complex spatial autocorrelation in the 0-300 m spatial scale,being significant at some specific scales. Staphylinidae community exhibited a medium spatial heterogeneity,with spatial variability being regulated by both structural and random factors. The spatial pattern of community was simple. The patch structure of community was insignificant in the cold season. The spatial relationships among different species were various,and there was a complex( positive or negative) spatial correlation between species and environmental factors. However,the simple Mantel test demonstrated that there was no significant spatial correlation between the two. Results of CCA analysis showed that topographic and soil factors had no significant effects on changes of species distribution of ground-dwelling Staphylinidae. Our results revealed the variation of spatial heterogeneity and spatial pattern of Staphylinidae,providing basis for understanding the mechanism underlying community assemblage and biodiversity maintenance of ground-dwelling Staphylinidae community.
Understanding the spatial heterogeneity and spatial pattern of soil animal community is an important premise to reveal the ecological processes and formation mechanisms of soil animal community and related ecosystem services. The trap method was used to capture ground-dwelling Staphylinidae in a broadleaved and Korean pine forest in Liangshui National Nature Reserve in July,August,and October 2015. Based on the geostatistical analysis,we analyzed the spatial autocorrelation,spatial heterogeneity,spatial distribution pattern and its relationship with environmental factors of ground-dwelling Staphylinidae community. In total,421 individuals that belonged to 22 species of Staphylinidae were caught in the three samplings. The species and individual abundance of Staphylinidae varied greatly among survey months. The community composition significantly differed among different months. Results of Moran's I coefficient indicated that the species and individual abundance of Staphylinidae community showed a complex spatial autocorrelation in the 0-300 m spatial scale,being significant at some specific scales. Staphylinidae community exhibited a medium spatial heterogeneity,with spatial variability being regulated by both structural and random factors. The spatial pattern of community was simple. The patch structure of community was insignificant in the cold season. The spatial relationships among different species were various,and there was a complex( positive or negative) spatial correlation between species and environmental factors. However,the simple Mantel test demonstrated that there was no significant spatial correlation between the two. Results of CCA analysis showed that topographic and soil factors had no significant effects on changes of species distribution of ground-dwelling Staphylinidae. Our results revealed the variation of spatial heterogeneity and spatial pattern of Staphylinidae,providing basis for understanding the mechanism underlying community assemblage and biodiversity maintenance of ground-dwelling Staphylinidae community.
引文
陈金玲,金光泽,赵凤霞.2010.小兴安岭典型阔叶红松林不同演替阶段凋落物分解及养分变化.应用生态学报,21(9):2209-2216.
高梅香,何萍,刘冬,等.2014.温带落叶阔叶林土壤螨群落多尺度空间自相关性.土壤通报,45(5):1104-1112.
高梅香,刘冬,张雪萍,等.2016.三江平原农田地表和地下土壤螨类丰富度与环境因子的空间关联性.生态学报,36(6):1782-1792.
高梅香,朱纪元,倪娟平,等.2018.小兴安岭阔叶红松林地表甲虫Beta多样性.生态学报,38(2):457-463.
郭传伟.2014.帽儿山天然次生林土壤动物空间异质性研究及年际变化分析(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学.
郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.2000.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究---以河北省遵化市为例.应用生态学报,11(4):557-563.
李井科,陈鹏.1993.土壤动物区系生态地理研究.长春:东北师范大学出版社.
李井科,张利敏,张雪萍.2015.原色中国东北土壤甲虫图鉴(隐翅虫类,拟步甲类).哈尔滨:哈尔滨地图出版社.
梁文举,姜勇,李琪.2006.定位试验地耕层土壤植物寄生线虫空间分布特征.生态学报,26(1):33-39.
刘妍妍,金光泽.2009.地形对小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林粗木质残体分布的影响.生态学报,29(3):1398-1407.
倪娟平,程赛赛,高梅香,等.2018.丰林典型阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目成虫空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间关联性.生物多样性,26(1):14-26.
亓东明.2012.贡嘎山南麓鞘翅目昆虫多样性研究初探---以九龙县为例.野生动物学报,33(1):37-41.
任国栋,于有志,侯文君.1999.中国荒漠半荒漠地区拟步甲的组成和分布特点.河北大学学报:自然科学版,19(2):176-183.
孙儒泳.1992.动物生态学原理.北京:北京师范大学出版社.
王斌.2011.蚯蚓对土壤基本性状和活性物质组成及其空间异质性变化特征的影响(博士学位论文).南京:南京农业大学.
王正军,李典谟,商晗武,等.2002.地质统计学理论与方法及其在昆虫生态学中的应用.应用昆虫学报,39(6):405-411.
王政权.1999.地统计学及在生态学中的应用.北京:科学出版社.
邬建国.2000.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度和等级.北京:高等教育出版社.
解丹丹,张国权,周毅,等.2009.粤西桉树人工林土壤水分空间异质性分析.中南林业科技大学学报,29(6):45-50.
徐丽娜,金光泽.2012.小兴安岭凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构.生物多样性,20(4):470-481.
殷秀琴,王海霞,周道玮.2003.松嫩草原区不同农业生态系统土壤动物群落特征.生态学报,23(6):1071-1078.
尹文英.1998.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社.
赵雪,徐丽娜,金光泽.2015.地形对典型阔叶红松林灌木更新的影响.生物多样性,23(6):767-774.
郑发科.1992.隐翅虫形态分类学纲要.成都:四川大学出版社.
朱纪元,李景科,程赛赛,等.2016.小兴安岭阔叶红松林局地尺度地表鞘翅目成虫群落结构.东北林业大学学报,44(12):57-63.
朱纪元,李景科,高梅香,等.2017.帽儿山红松人工林鞘翅目成虫群落小尺度空间异质性变化特征.生态学报,37(6):1975-1986.
Baars MA.1979.Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities of carabid beetles.Oecologia,41:25-46.
Cambardella CA,Moorman TB,Parkin TB,et al.1994.Fieldscale variability of soil properties in Central Iowa soils.Soil Sience Society of America Journal,58:1501-1511.
Dormann CF,Wilson R.2007.Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data:A review.Ecography,30:609-628.
Gongalsky KB,Cividanes FJ.2008.Distribution of carabid beetles in agroecosystems across spatial scales:A review.Baltic Journal of Coleopterology,8:15-30.
Greenslade PJM.1964.Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations of Carabidae(Coleoptera).Journal of Animal Ecology,33:301-310.
Greenslade PJM.1973.Sampling ants with pitfall traps:Digging-in effects.Insectes Sociaux,20:343-353.
Griffth DA.2003.Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering.Germany:Springer.
Gutiérrez-López M,Jesús JB,Trigo D,et al.2010.Relationships among spatial distribution of soil microarthropods,earthworm species and soil properties.Pedobiologia,53:381-389.
Ingimarsdóttir M,Caruso T,Ripa J,et al.2012.Primary assembly of soil communities:Disentangling the effect of dispersal and local environment.Oecologia,170:745-754.
Jung WK,Kitchen NR,Sudduth KA,et al.2006.Spatial characteristics of claypan soil properties in an agricultural field.Soil Science Society of America Journal,70:1387-1397.
Kowalski R.1975.Obtaining valid population indices from pitfall trapping data.Bulletin Serie Des Sciences Biologiques,23:799-803.
Lavelle P,Spain AV.2001.Soil Ecology.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Luff ML.1975.Some features influencing the efficiency of pitfall traps.Oecologia,19:345-357.
Mitchell B.1963.Ecology of two carabid beetles,Bembidion lampros(Herbst)and Trechus quadristriatus(Schrank).Journal of Animal Ecology,32:289-299.
Moreira FMS,Huising EJ,Bignell DE.2008.A handbook of tropical soil biology:Sampling and characterization of below-ground biodiversity.Soil Science Society of America Journal,76:373.
Raunkiaer C.1934.The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography.Oxford:Clarendon press.
Rossi JP,Lavelle P,Tondoh JE.1995.Statistical tool for soil biology:X.Geostatistical analysis.European Journal of Soil Biology,31:173-181.
Rossi RE,Mulla DJ.1992.Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence.Ecological Monographs,62:277-314.
Si X,Pimm SL,Russell GJ,et al.2014.Turnover of breeding bird communities on islands in an inundated lake.Journal of Biogeography,41:2283-2292.
Spence JR,NiemelaJK.1994.Sampling carabid assemblages with pitfall traps:The madness and the method.Canadian Entomologist,126:881-894.
Thiele HU.1977.Carabid beetles in their environments:A study on habitat selection by adaptation in physiology and behaviour.Quarterly Review of Biology,54:242-243.
Wiegand T,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N.2007.Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest.The American Naturalist,170:77-95.
Williams LI,Schotzko DJ,Mccaffrey JP.1992.Geostatistical description of the spatial distribution of Limonius californicus(Coleoptera:Elateridae)wireworms in the northwestern United States,with comments on sampling.Environmental Entomology,21:983-995.
Winder L,Holland JM,Perry JN,et al.2001.The use of barrier-connected pitfall trapping for sampling predatory beetles and spiders.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,98:249-258.
Wu H,Lu M,Lu X,et al.2015.Interactions between earthworms and mesofauna has no significant effect on emissions of CO2,and N2O from soil.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,88:294-297.
Yonker CM,Schimel DS,Paroussis E,et al.1988.Patterns of organic carbon accumulation.grass steppe,Colorado.Soil Science Society of America Journal,52:478-483.
Zhu Y,Fan B,Liu Hf,et al.2011.Population distribution patterns and interspecific spatial associations in warm temperate secondary forests,Beijing.Biodiversity Science,19:252-259.
高梅香,何萍,刘冬,等.2014.温带落叶阔叶林土壤螨群落多尺度空间自相关性.土壤通报,45(5):1104-1112.
高梅香,刘冬,张雪萍,等.2016.三江平原农田地表和地下土壤螨类丰富度与环境因子的空间关联性.生态学报,36(6):1782-1792.
高梅香,朱纪元,倪娟平,等.2018.小兴安岭阔叶红松林地表甲虫Beta多样性.生态学报,38(2):457-463.
郭传伟.2014.帽儿山天然次生林土壤动物空间异质性研究及年际变化分析(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学.
郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.2000.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究---以河北省遵化市为例.应用生态学报,11(4):557-563.
李井科,陈鹏.1993.土壤动物区系生态地理研究.长春:东北师范大学出版社.
李井科,张利敏,张雪萍.2015.原色中国东北土壤甲虫图鉴(隐翅虫类,拟步甲类).哈尔滨:哈尔滨地图出版社.
梁文举,姜勇,李琪.2006.定位试验地耕层土壤植物寄生线虫空间分布特征.生态学报,26(1):33-39.
刘妍妍,金光泽.2009.地形对小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林粗木质残体分布的影响.生态学报,29(3):1398-1407.
倪娟平,程赛赛,高梅香,等.2018.丰林典型阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目成虫空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间关联性.生物多样性,26(1):14-26.
亓东明.2012.贡嘎山南麓鞘翅目昆虫多样性研究初探---以九龙县为例.野生动物学报,33(1):37-41.
任国栋,于有志,侯文君.1999.中国荒漠半荒漠地区拟步甲的组成和分布特点.河北大学学报:自然科学版,19(2):176-183.
孙儒泳.1992.动物生态学原理.北京:北京师范大学出版社.
王斌.2011.蚯蚓对土壤基本性状和活性物质组成及其空间异质性变化特征的影响(博士学位论文).南京:南京农业大学.
王正军,李典谟,商晗武,等.2002.地质统计学理论与方法及其在昆虫生态学中的应用.应用昆虫学报,39(6):405-411.
王政权.1999.地统计学及在生态学中的应用.北京:科学出版社.
邬建国.2000.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度和等级.北京:高等教育出版社.
解丹丹,张国权,周毅,等.2009.粤西桉树人工林土壤水分空间异质性分析.中南林业科技大学学报,29(6):45-50.
徐丽娜,金光泽.2012.小兴安岭凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构.生物多样性,20(4):470-481.
殷秀琴,王海霞,周道玮.2003.松嫩草原区不同农业生态系统土壤动物群落特征.生态学报,23(6):1071-1078.
尹文英.1998.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社.
赵雪,徐丽娜,金光泽.2015.地形对典型阔叶红松林灌木更新的影响.生物多样性,23(6):767-774.
郑发科.1992.隐翅虫形态分类学纲要.成都:四川大学出版社.
朱纪元,李景科,程赛赛,等.2016.小兴安岭阔叶红松林局地尺度地表鞘翅目成虫群落结构.东北林业大学学报,44(12):57-63.
朱纪元,李景科,高梅香,等.2017.帽儿山红松人工林鞘翅目成虫群落小尺度空间异质性变化特征.生态学报,37(6):1975-1986.
Baars MA.1979.Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities of carabid beetles.Oecologia,41:25-46.
Cambardella CA,Moorman TB,Parkin TB,et al.1994.Fieldscale variability of soil properties in Central Iowa soils.Soil Sience Society of America Journal,58:1501-1511.
Dormann CF,Wilson R.2007.Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data:A review.Ecography,30:609-628.
Gongalsky KB,Cividanes FJ.2008.Distribution of carabid beetles in agroecosystems across spatial scales:A review.Baltic Journal of Coleopterology,8:15-30.
Greenslade PJM.1964.Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations of Carabidae(Coleoptera).Journal of Animal Ecology,33:301-310.
Greenslade PJM.1973.Sampling ants with pitfall traps:Digging-in effects.Insectes Sociaux,20:343-353.
Griffth DA.2003.Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering.Germany:Springer.
Gutiérrez-López M,Jesús JB,Trigo D,et al.2010.Relationships among spatial distribution of soil microarthropods,earthworm species and soil properties.Pedobiologia,53:381-389.
Ingimarsdóttir M,Caruso T,Ripa J,et al.2012.Primary assembly of soil communities:Disentangling the effect of dispersal and local environment.Oecologia,170:745-754.
Jung WK,Kitchen NR,Sudduth KA,et al.2006.Spatial characteristics of claypan soil properties in an agricultural field.Soil Science Society of America Journal,70:1387-1397.
Kowalski R.1975.Obtaining valid population indices from pitfall trapping data.Bulletin Serie Des Sciences Biologiques,23:799-803.
Lavelle P,Spain AV.2001.Soil Ecology.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Luff ML.1975.Some features influencing the efficiency of pitfall traps.Oecologia,19:345-357.
Mitchell B.1963.Ecology of two carabid beetles,Bembidion lampros(Herbst)and Trechus quadristriatus(Schrank).Journal of Animal Ecology,32:289-299.
Moreira FMS,Huising EJ,Bignell DE.2008.A handbook of tropical soil biology:Sampling and characterization of below-ground biodiversity.Soil Science Society of America Journal,76:373.
Raunkiaer C.1934.The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography.Oxford:Clarendon press.
Rossi JP,Lavelle P,Tondoh JE.1995.Statistical tool for soil biology:X.Geostatistical analysis.European Journal of Soil Biology,31:173-181.
Rossi RE,Mulla DJ.1992.Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence.Ecological Monographs,62:277-314.
Si X,Pimm SL,Russell GJ,et al.2014.Turnover of breeding bird communities on islands in an inundated lake.Journal of Biogeography,41:2283-2292.
Spence JR,NiemelaJK.1994.Sampling carabid assemblages with pitfall traps:The madness and the method.Canadian Entomologist,126:881-894.
Thiele HU.1977.Carabid beetles in their environments:A study on habitat selection by adaptation in physiology and behaviour.Quarterly Review of Biology,54:242-243.
Wiegand T,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N.2007.Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest.The American Naturalist,170:77-95.
Williams LI,Schotzko DJ,Mccaffrey JP.1992.Geostatistical description of the spatial distribution of Limonius californicus(Coleoptera:Elateridae)wireworms in the northwestern United States,with comments on sampling.Environmental Entomology,21:983-995.
Winder L,Holland JM,Perry JN,et al.2001.The use of barrier-connected pitfall trapping for sampling predatory beetles and spiders.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,98:249-258.
Wu H,Lu M,Lu X,et al.2015.Interactions between earthworms and mesofauna has no significant effect on emissions of CO2,and N2O from soil.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,88:294-297.
Yonker CM,Schimel DS,Paroussis E,et al.1988.Patterns of organic carbon accumulation.grass steppe,Colorado.Soil Science Society of America Journal,52:478-483.
Zhu Y,Fan B,Liu Hf,et al.2011.Population distribution patterns and interspecific spatial associations in warm temperate secondary forests,Beijing.Biodiversity Science,19:252-259.