水煮和提取处理对中草药干物质消化率和小肠可消化蛋白质的影响
|
摘要
研究水煮和提取处理对中草药干物质消化率和小肠可消化蛋白质的影响,揭示提取过程对营养价值影响的作用机理,对于客观评定中草药提取残渣的营养价值具有重要意义。采用尼龙袋试验分别测定黄芪、麦芽和甘草3种原料及其经水煮和提取处理后产物的瘤胃降解动力学参数,并分别估算其主要养分在瘤胃的有效降解率(effective degradability,ED);采用移动尼龙袋试验分别测定3种原料及其经水煮和提取处理后产物瘤胃未降解干物质(nondegradable dry matte,UDM)和未降解蛋白质(nondegradable protein,UDP)的小肠消化率(intestinal digestibility,Idg),在此基础上分别估算其干物质消化率(dry matter digestibility,DDM)和小肠可消化粗蛋白质(intestinal digestible crude protein,IDCP)含量。结果表明:1)3种中草药经水煮和提取处理后产物的EDDM(effective degradability of dry matter)和EDCP(effective degradability of crude protein)均分别显著低于其未处理原料(P<0.05),但EDNDF(effective degradability of NDF)和EDADF(effective degradability of ADF)均分别显著高于其未处理原料(P<0.05);2)3种中草药经水煮和提取处理后产物的IdgUDM(intestinal digestibility of UDM)和IdgUDP(intestinal digestibility of UDP)均显著高于其未处理原料(P<0.05);3)水煮处理显著提高了3种中草药处理后产物的DDM(P<0.05),显著提高了麦芽处理后产物的IDCP和IDCP/CP,提取处理显著提高了麦芽提取残渣的DDM、IDCP和IDCP/CP(P<0.05),显著降低了甘草提取残渣的IDCP和IDCP/CP和黄芪的IDCP(P<0.05)。在无特殊需求时完全没有必要对饲料进行水煮处理;麦芽提取残渣具有作为优质精饲料的营养潜力;黄芪和甘草提取残渣具有作为优质粗饲料的营养潜力。
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of boiling and extraction on dry matter digestibility and intestine-digestible protein content of plant residue from production of Chinese herbal medicines.This information is relevant to assessing the usefulness of these residues for animal feeding.Using a mobile nylon bag technique,various digestive degradation kinetic parameters were determined for processing residues of Astragalus(Astragalus membranaceus),malt(Hordeum vulgare)and Licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis).Parameter estimates obtained for the three plant materials included:the effective degradability(ED)in the rumen of the main dry matter(DM)nutritive components(crude protein,neutral and acid detergent fiber;CP,NDF,ADF,respectively),the small intestine digestibility(Idg),and their rumen non-degradable dry matter(UDDM)and non-degradable protein(UDP)for both raw plant materials and after boiling and extraction.It was found that:1)The EDDMand EDCPof the three tested residues after boiling and extraction were significantly lower than those of the untreated raw materials(P<0.05),while EDNDFand EDADF were significantly higher than the untreated materials(P<0.05);2)The IdgUDDMand IdgUDPafter boiling and extraction,of the three tested Chinese herbal medicine preparation residues,were significantly higher than those of the untreated raw materials(P<0.05);3)Boiling significantly increased the DDM of all 3tested residues(P<0.05),and also the IdgCP,and IdgCP/CP of malt extract residue(P<0.05),but significantly reduced IdgCP,and IdgCP/CP of licorice extract residues and the IdgCPof Astragalus extract residues(P<0.05).These results indicate that it is not necessary to boil these feeds unless there is a special requirement to do so.Malt extract residues have good nutritional potential as a high-quality refined feed;Astragalus and licorice extraction residues have nutritional potential as a quality roughage.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of boiling and extraction on dry matter digestibility and intestine-digestible protein content of plant residue from production of Chinese herbal medicines.This information is relevant to assessing the usefulness of these residues for animal feeding.Using a mobile nylon bag technique,various digestive degradation kinetic parameters were determined for processing residues of Astragalus(Astragalus membranaceus),malt(Hordeum vulgare)and Licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis).Parameter estimates obtained for the three plant materials included:the effective degradability(ED)in the rumen of the main dry matter(DM)nutritive components(crude protein,neutral and acid detergent fiber;CP,NDF,ADF,respectively),the small intestine digestibility(Idg),and their rumen non-degradable dry matter(UDDM)and non-degradable protein(UDP)for both raw plant materials and after boiling and extraction.It was found that:1)The EDDMand EDCPof the three tested residues after boiling and extraction were significantly lower than those of the untreated raw materials(P<0.05),while EDNDFand EDADF were significantly higher than the untreated materials(P<0.05);2)The IdgUDDMand IdgUDPafter boiling and extraction,of the three tested Chinese herbal medicine preparation residues,were significantly higher than those of the untreated raw materials(P<0.05);3)Boiling significantly increased the DDM of all 3tested residues(P<0.05),and also the IdgCP,and IdgCP/CP of malt extract residue(P<0.05),but significantly reduced IdgCP,and IdgCP/CP of licorice extract residues and the IdgCPof Astragalus extract residues(P<0.05).These results indicate that it is not necessary to boil these feeds unless there is a special requirement to do so.Malt extract residues have good nutritional potential as a high-quality refined feed;Astragalus and licorice extraction residues have nutritional potential as a quality roughage.
引文
[1] Li Z H,Zhu Q,Ji Y J,et al.Nutrient content in six Chinese herbal residues.Natural Product Research and Development,2017,(29):91-95.黎智华,祝倩,姬玉娇,等.六种中药渣的营养成分.天然产物研究与开发,2017,(29):91-95.
[2] Li H,Li B Q,Liu H,et al.Study on extraction and content detemination of licoice flavonoids and polysaccharide from residues of glycyrrihiza.China Food Additives,2006,15(1):193-196.李红,李炳奇,刘红,等.甘草渣中黄酮和多糖的提取及含量测定.中国食品添加剂,2006,15(1):193-196.
[3] Huang Y F,Liu J,Huang J W,et al.Detemination of astragaloside iv in dreg of radix astragali by high-performance liquid chromatography.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni(Natural Science Edition),2009,48(2):146.黄亚非,刘杰,黄际薇,等.HPLC测定黄芪药渣中黄芪甲苷含量.中山大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48(2):146.
[4] Chen C Y,Zu Y G,Fu Y J,et al.Preparation and antioxidant activity of radix astragali residues extracts rich in calycosin and formononetin.Biochemical Engineering Journal,2011,56(1/2):84-93.
[5] Zhang D H.Effects of feed additive of Astragalus residue on apparent metabolic rate of broilers.Pigs and Poultry,2008,28(2):77-78.张登辉.黄芪药渣作饲料添加剂对肉鸡表观代谢率影响的研究.猪与禽,2008,28(2):77-78.
[6] Wu H,Zhang H,Lan X D.Effects of feed additive of Astragalus residue on meat quality of grazing broilers.Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2010,29(1):26-28.吴华,张辉,兰小定.黄芪药渣对放牧肉鸡肉品质的影响.畜牧兽医杂志,2010,29(1):26-28.
[7] Wang H J.Evaluation of the nutritional value of sheep forages.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2017.王慧娟.羊常用粗饲料营养价值评定.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[8] Wang Y J,Tian X E.Study on nutritional value assessment of common feeds in sheep.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Press,2017.王永军,田秀娥.羊常用饲料营养价值评定研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2017.
[9] NY/T 816-2004.Meat sheep breeding standard.Beijng:China Agriculture Press,2005.NY/T 816-2004.肉羊饲养标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[10] Zhou R,Wang J Q,Pan F M,et al.The relationship between intestinal digestibility of crude protein and dry matters and the protein fractions with ruminant feedstuffs.Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2010,25(Supplement):165-169.周荣,王加启,潘发明,等.饲料蛋白组分对反刍家畜常用饲料小肠吸收蛋白质含量的影响.华北农学报,2010,25(增刊):165-169.
[11] Li X Y.Study on using NRC and CNCPS for evaluation of nutritive value of feeds in shaanbei cashmere goats.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2013.李晓燕.应用NRC和CNCPS体系评定陕北白绒山羊饲料营养价值的研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[12] Zhou M,Zhang X M,Li B L,et al.Evaluation of rumen degradation rate of whole blood protection and heat-treated soybean meal protein by nylon bag method.Feed Research,1999,(7):10-12.周明,张晓明,李宝林,等.尼龙袋法评定全血保护和热处理豆粕蛋白质的瘤胃降解率.饲料研究,1999,(7):10-12.
[13] Zhong H Y,Li T J,Yin Y L,et al.Effect of heat treatment on antinutritive factors and nutritive value of soybean and soybean mea.Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,1998,10(1):12-19.钟华宜,李铁军,印遇龙,等.热处理对大豆及豆饼抗营养因子和营养价值的影响.动物营养学报,1998,10(1):12-19.
[14] Zhou T,Chen W B,Meng Q X,et al.Application of straw steam explosion technology in livestock production.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(9):2352-2357.周涛,陈万宝,孟庆翔,等.秸秆蒸汽爆破技术在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展.中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(9):2352-2357.
[15] Mosicr N,Wyman C,Dale B,et al.Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.Bioresource Technology,2005,96:673-686.
[16] Yang F.Animal nutrition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2006.杨凤.动物营养学.北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[17] Wang F M,Zhang A Z,Jiang N,et al.Determination and comparative study on grading index and relative value of roughage commonly used in ruminants in Heilongjiang Province.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2014,50(17):33-38.王法明,张爱忠,姜宁,等.黑龙江省反刍动物常用粗饲料分级指数及饲料相对值的测定与比较研究.中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(17):33-38.
[18] Qiqige,Jin S G,Liu F.GI and RFV determination and comparison of 12kinds of pasture grass in inner Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2008,29(3):19-22.其其格,金曙光,刘峰.内蒙古地区12种牧草的粗饲料分级指数及粗饲料相对值的测定及比较.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):19-22.
[2] Li H,Li B Q,Liu H,et al.Study on extraction and content detemination of licoice flavonoids and polysaccharide from residues of glycyrrihiza.China Food Additives,2006,15(1):193-196.李红,李炳奇,刘红,等.甘草渣中黄酮和多糖的提取及含量测定.中国食品添加剂,2006,15(1):193-196.
[3] Huang Y F,Liu J,Huang J W,et al.Detemination of astragaloside iv in dreg of radix astragali by high-performance liquid chromatography.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni(Natural Science Edition),2009,48(2):146.黄亚非,刘杰,黄际薇,等.HPLC测定黄芪药渣中黄芪甲苷含量.中山大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48(2):146.
[4] Chen C Y,Zu Y G,Fu Y J,et al.Preparation and antioxidant activity of radix astragali residues extracts rich in calycosin and formononetin.Biochemical Engineering Journal,2011,56(1/2):84-93.
[5] Zhang D H.Effects of feed additive of Astragalus residue on apparent metabolic rate of broilers.Pigs and Poultry,2008,28(2):77-78.张登辉.黄芪药渣作饲料添加剂对肉鸡表观代谢率影响的研究.猪与禽,2008,28(2):77-78.
[6] Wu H,Zhang H,Lan X D.Effects of feed additive of Astragalus residue on meat quality of grazing broilers.Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2010,29(1):26-28.吴华,张辉,兰小定.黄芪药渣对放牧肉鸡肉品质的影响.畜牧兽医杂志,2010,29(1):26-28.
[7] Wang H J.Evaluation of the nutritional value of sheep forages.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2017.王慧娟.羊常用粗饲料营养价值评定.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[8] Wang Y J,Tian X E.Study on nutritional value assessment of common feeds in sheep.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Press,2017.王永军,田秀娥.羊常用饲料营养价值评定研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2017.
[9] NY/T 816-2004.Meat sheep breeding standard.Beijng:China Agriculture Press,2005.NY/T 816-2004.肉羊饲养标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[10] Zhou R,Wang J Q,Pan F M,et al.The relationship between intestinal digestibility of crude protein and dry matters and the protein fractions with ruminant feedstuffs.Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2010,25(Supplement):165-169.周荣,王加启,潘发明,等.饲料蛋白组分对反刍家畜常用饲料小肠吸收蛋白质含量的影响.华北农学报,2010,25(增刊):165-169.
[11] Li X Y.Study on using NRC and CNCPS for evaluation of nutritive value of feeds in shaanbei cashmere goats.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2013.李晓燕.应用NRC和CNCPS体系评定陕北白绒山羊饲料营养价值的研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[12] Zhou M,Zhang X M,Li B L,et al.Evaluation of rumen degradation rate of whole blood protection and heat-treated soybean meal protein by nylon bag method.Feed Research,1999,(7):10-12.周明,张晓明,李宝林,等.尼龙袋法评定全血保护和热处理豆粕蛋白质的瘤胃降解率.饲料研究,1999,(7):10-12.
[13] Zhong H Y,Li T J,Yin Y L,et al.Effect of heat treatment on antinutritive factors and nutritive value of soybean and soybean mea.Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,1998,10(1):12-19.钟华宜,李铁军,印遇龙,等.热处理对大豆及豆饼抗营养因子和营养价值的影响.动物营养学报,1998,10(1):12-19.
[14] Zhou T,Chen W B,Meng Q X,et al.Application of straw steam explosion technology in livestock production.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(9):2352-2357.周涛,陈万宝,孟庆翔,等.秸秆蒸汽爆破技术在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展.中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(9):2352-2357.
[15] Mosicr N,Wyman C,Dale B,et al.Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.Bioresource Technology,2005,96:673-686.
[16] Yang F.Animal nutrition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2006.杨凤.动物营养学.北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[17] Wang F M,Zhang A Z,Jiang N,et al.Determination and comparative study on grading index and relative value of roughage commonly used in ruminants in Heilongjiang Province.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2014,50(17):33-38.王法明,张爱忠,姜宁,等.黑龙江省反刍动物常用粗饲料分级指数及饲料相对值的测定与比较研究.中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(17):33-38.
[18] Qiqige,Jin S G,Liu F.GI and RFV determination and comparison of 12kinds of pasture grass in inner Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2008,29(3):19-22.其其格,金曙光,刘峰.内蒙古地区12种牧草的粗饲料分级指数及粗饲料相对值的测定及比较.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):19-22.