世界巨型气田分布特征及其启示
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摘要
截至2018年底,全球共发现巨型气田(原始可采储量大于1×10~(12)m~3)28个,分布于12个国家的12个盆地中,总体分布极不均衡。28个气田中有21个纯气田、4个气顶气田、3个凝析气田;除俄罗斯麦德维热气田为致密砂岩气外,其余皆为常规天然气。巨型气田的储集层和烃源岩大多位于古生界和中生界,从巨型气田的储量和数量来说,志留系和白垩系是全球巨型气田的主要烃源岩,白垩系和二叠系是全球巨型气田的主要储集层。巨型气田储集层岩性以砂岩和灰岩为主,烃源岩岩性以泥页岩为主。参照全球巨型气田富集规律,结合我国实际地质情况,初步建议我国巨型、大型气田的寻找应加强大区域全盆地的综合研究,加强煤成气、深部天然气的勘探。
By the end of 2018,28 giant gas fields(recoverable reserves more than 1 trillion cubic meters)have been found in the world,distributed in 12 basins of 12 countries,and the distribution of giant gas fields is extremely uneven.Among them,there are 21 pure gas fields,4 gas cap fields,3 condensate gas fields.All the natural gas fileds are conventional gas fields except that the Medvezhye gas field is a tight gas field.The reservoir and source rock distribution of the giant gas fields are mostly located in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic.In terms of quantity and reserves of giant gas fields,the Silurian and the Cretaceous are the main source rocks and the Cretaceous and the Permian are the main reservoirs of the global giant gas fields.The lithology of the reservoir are dominated by sandstone and limestone,and the lithology of the source rock is dominated by shale.The exploration for giant and large gas fields in China should strengthen the comprehensive research of the whole basin in the large area,and the exploration of coal-formed gas and deep gas.
By the end of 2018,28 giant gas fields(recoverable reserves more than 1 trillion cubic meters)have been found in the world,distributed in 12 basins of 12 countries,and the distribution of giant gas fields is extremely uneven.Among them,there are 21 pure gas fields,4 gas cap fields,3 condensate gas fields.All the natural gas fileds are conventional gas fields except that the Medvezhye gas field is a tight gas field.The reservoir and source rock distribution of the giant gas fields are mostly located in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic.In terms of quantity and reserves of giant gas fields,the Silurian and the Cretaceous are the main source rocks and the Cretaceous and the Permian are the main reservoirs of the global giant gas fields.The lithology of the reservoir are dominated by sandstone and limestone,and the lithology of the source rock is dominated by shale.The exploration for giant and large gas fields in China should strengthen the comprehensive research of the whole basin in the large area,and the exploration of coal-formed gas and deep gas.
引文
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[3]Halbouty M T.Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1990-1999[M].AAPG Memoir 78.Tulsa:AAPG,2003:1-340.
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[12]Bai Guoping.Distribution patterns of giant carbonate fields in the world[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):241-250.白国平.世界碳酸盐岩大油气田分布特征[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):241-250.
[13]Wei Guoqi,Li Jun,She Yuanqi,et al.Distribution laws of large gas fields and further exploration orientation and targets in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(4):12-24.魏国齐,李君,佘源琦,等.中国大型气田的分布规律及下一步勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2018,38(4):12-24.
[14]Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen.Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in China[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,37(S2):12-28.邹才能,陶士振.中国大气区和大气田的地质特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(S2):12-28.
[15]Dai Jinxing,Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,et al.Formation conditions and main controlling factors of large gas fields in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):473-484.戴金星,邹才能,陶士振,等.中国大气田形成条件和主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):473-484.
[16]Dai Jinxing,Song Yan,Zhang Houfu.Formation conditions of large gas fields in China[J].Science in China:Series D,1996,26(6):481-487.戴金星,宋岩,张厚福.中国大中型气田形成的主要控制因素[J].中国科学:D辑,1996,26(6):481-487.
[17]Song Yan,Liu Shaobo.Main conditions for formation of middle-large gas fields and the potential gas exploration areas in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):109-119.宋岩,柳少波.中国大型气田形成的主要条件及潜在勘探领域[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):109-119.
[18]Dai Jinxing,Huang Shipeng,Liu Yan,et al.Significant advancement in natural gas exploration and development in China during the past sixty years[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):689-698.戴金星,黄士鹏,刘岩,等.中国天然气勘探开发60年的重大进展[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):689-698.
[19]IHS Markit.https:∥ihsmarkit.com/index.html,2018.
[20]Dai Jinxing,Ni Yunyan,Huang Shipeng,et al.Significant function of coal-derived gas study for natural gas industry development in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(1):1-22.戴金星,倪云燕,黄士鹏,等.煤成气研究对中国天然气工业发展的重要意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):1-22.
[21]Liu Wenhui,Zhang Dianwei.Generation and preservation conditions of deep-seated gas in China[J].Geology in China,2006,33(5):937-943.刘文汇,张殿伟.中国深层天然气形成及保存条件探讨[J].中国地质,2006,33(5):937-943.
(1)据2018年《BP世界能源统计年鉴》
[2]Halbouty M T.Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1978-1988[M].AAPG Memoir 54.Tulsa:AAPG,1992:1-526.
[3]Halbouty M T.Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1990-1999[M].AAPG Memoir 78.Tulsa:AAPG,2003:1-340.
[4]Harris P M,Weber L J.Giant Hydrocarbon Reservoirs of the World[M].AAPG Memoir 88.Tulsa:AAPG,2006:1-468.
[5]Zhang Zishu.Introduction of Giant Gas Fields in the World[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990:1-286.张子枢.世界大气田概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:1-286.
[6]Li Guoyu,Tang Yangwu.Gas Field Atlas in the World[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991:1-67.李国玉,唐养吾.世界气田图集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991:1-67.
[7]Dai Jinxing.Giant Coal-derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:1-424.戴金星.中国煤成大气田及其气源[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-424.
[8]Song Qian,Jin Zhijun.The statistic features of large fields[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2000,24(4):11-14,20.宋芊,金之钧.大油气田统计特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(4):11-14,20.
[9]Bai Guoping,Zheng Lei.Distribution patterns of giant gas fields in the world[J].Natural Gas Geoscience.2007,18(2):161-167.白国平,郑磊.世界大气田分布特征[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):161-167.
[10]Pang Liming.A summary of world’s large gas fields[J].Oil Forum,2010,29(2):14-18.庞立名.世界大气田概说[J].石油科技论坛,2010,29(2):14-18.
[11]Zhang Kang.Analyzing the changes of giant gas fields in the world in recent ten years[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(6):127-130.张抗.世界巨型气田近十年的变化分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(6):127-130.
[12]Bai Guoping.Distribution patterns of giant carbonate fields in the world[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):241-250.白国平.世界碳酸盐岩大油气田分布特征[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):241-250.
[13]Wei Guoqi,Li Jun,She Yuanqi,et al.Distribution laws of large gas fields and further exploration orientation and targets in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(4):12-24.魏国齐,李君,佘源琦,等.中国大型气田的分布规律及下一步勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2018,38(4):12-24.
[14]Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen.Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in China[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,37(S2):12-28.邹才能,陶士振.中国大气区和大气田的地质特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(S2):12-28.
[15]Dai Jinxing,Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,et al.Formation conditions and main controlling factors of large gas fields in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):473-484.戴金星,邹才能,陶士振,等.中国大气田形成条件和主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):473-484.
[16]Dai Jinxing,Song Yan,Zhang Houfu.Formation conditions of large gas fields in China[J].Science in China:Series D,1996,26(6):481-487.戴金星,宋岩,张厚福.中国大中型气田形成的主要控制因素[J].中国科学:D辑,1996,26(6):481-487.
[17]Song Yan,Liu Shaobo.Main conditions for formation of middle-large gas fields and the potential gas exploration areas in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):109-119.宋岩,柳少波.中国大型气田形成的主要条件及潜在勘探领域[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):109-119.
[18]Dai Jinxing,Huang Shipeng,Liu Yan,et al.Significant advancement in natural gas exploration and development in China during the past sixty years[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):689-698.戴金星,黄士鹏,刘岩,等.中国天然气勘探开发60年的重大进展[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):689-698.
[19]IHS Markit.https:∥ihsmarkit.com/index.html,2018.
[20]Dai Jinxing,Ni Yunyan,Huang Shipeng,et al.Significant function of coal-derived gas study for natural gas industry development in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(1):1-22.戴金星,倪云燕,黄士鹏,等.煤成气研究对中国天然气工业发展的重要意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):1-22.
[21]Liu Wenhui,Zhang Dianwei.Generation and preservation conditions of deep-seated gas in China[J].Geology in China,2006,33(5):937-943.刘文汇,张殿伟.中国深层天然气形成及保存条件探讨[J].中国地质,2006,33(5):937-943.
(1)据2018年《BP世界能源统计年鉴》