闽江航道建设对下游敏感目标溢油风险预测
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摘要
溢油事故是不可逆的环境污染事故,会破坏水体水质,危害生态系统,因而溢油事故的危害不容小觑。闽江下游有多个取水口及湿地保护区,闽江航道施工期及运营期均有溢油事故发生的风险,可能会对环境敏感目标造成影响。根据工程区域情况以及工程建设要求,以二维非稳态模型为平台,建立闽江下游水动力模型,基于实测资料进行模型可靠性分析。在准确的水动力模型基础上,以"油粒子"跟踪技术为指导,建立闽江航道溢油风险预测模型,对闽江下游航道建设施工期及运营期最不利条件下的溢油事故风险进行预测研究,可为闽江应急事故处置、溢油损害评价及取水口的安全管理提供支持和帮助。所提出的溢油事故风险预测方法及思路,能够对溢油事故的积极预防提供一定的参考依据。
Oil spill is an irreversible environmental pollution accident which will damage the water quality and destroy ecosystem. The risk of oil spill should not be overlooked. Minjiang River downstream has a number of water intakes and wetland protected areas. During Minjiang channel construction period and operation period there are risks of oil spills,which may have an impact on the environmentally sensitive targets. According to the conditions of the project area and the requirements of the project construction,this paper uses the two-dimensional unsteady model as a platform to establish the hydrodynamic model of Minjiang River downstream,then analysize Model reliability based on measured data. Based on the accurate hydrodynamic model,establish the oil spill accident prediction model guided by "oil particle"tracking technology to predict the risk of oil spill accident under the most unfavorable conditions of the construction and operation period of the Minjiang River,which provide support for the MInjiang emergency response,oil spill damage assessment and safety management of water intake. Presenting a set of methods and ideas for risk prediction of oil spill accidents and providing a reference for the active prevention of oil spill accidents.
Oil spill is an irreversible environmental pollution accident which will damage the water quality and destroy ecosystem. The risk of oil spill should not be overlooked. Minjiang River downstream has a number of water intakes and wetland protected areas. During Minjiang channel construction period and operation period there are risks of oil spills,which may have an impact on the environmentally sensitive targets. According to the conditions of the project area and the requirements of the project construction,this paper uses the two-dimensional unsteady model as a platform to establish the hydrodynamic model of Minjiang River downstream,then analysize Model reliability based on measured data. Based on the accurate hydrodynamic model,establish the oil spill accident prediction model guided by "oil particle"tracking technology to predict the risk of oil spill accident under the most unfavorable conditions of the construction and operation period of the Minjiang River,which provide support for the MInjiang emergency response,oil spill damage assessment and safety management of water intake. Presenting a set of methods and ideas for risk prediction of oil spill accidents and providing a reference for the active prevention of oil spill accidents.
引文
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[19]FAY J A.The Spread of Oil Slicks on a Calm Sea[M]//Oil on the Sea.Springer US,1969:53-63.
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[22]义刚,王时悦,朱嫕,等.海洋溢油数值模拟中相关参数敏感性分析[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):930-933.
[23]袁春光,王义刚,黄惠明,等.大亚湾芒洲岛海域移动溢油数值模拟研究[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):659-667.
[24]Al-Rabeh A H.Estimating surface oil spill transport due to wind in the Arabian Gulf[J].Ocean Engineering,1994,21(5):461-465.
[2]宓慧菁,王麒麟,谷德贤,等.溢油污染对天津海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的影响[J].河北渔业,2014(10):13-15.
[3]LIU Xin,GUO Mingxian,WANG Yebao,et al.Assessing pollution-related effects of oil spills from ships in the Chinese Bohai Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,110(1):194-202.
[4]廖国祥.基于GIS的溢油污染对海洋生物资源损害评估研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2008.
[5]陈命男.海上溢油风险的数值模型预警[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(1):71-77.
[6]祁佩时,曹猛,刘云芝,等.河流突发性溢油事故数值模拟研究[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6):796-799.
[7]赵琰鑫,王永桂,张万顺,等.河道溢油污染事故二维数值模型研究[J].人民长江,2012,43(15):81-84.
[8]蒋文燕.河道溢油污染事故三维解析解模型研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2017,32(3):301-307.
[9]宋泽坤,程和琴,刘昌兴,等.长江口溢油数值模拟及对水源地影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(8):1055-1063.
[10]姜卫星.黄浦江溢油事故的数值模拟研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[11]宋朋远.渤海油田溢油扩散与漂移的数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[12]DOMINICIS M D,BRUCIAFERRI D,GERIN R,et al.A multi-model assessment of the impact of currents,waves and wind in modelling surface drifters and oil spill[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II,2016,133:21-38.
[13]徐祖信,尹海龙.黄浦江干流二维水动力实时数学模型研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003,18(3):372-378.
[14]赵琰鑫,王永桂,张万顺,等.河道溢油污染事故二维数值模型研究[J].人民长江,2012,43(15):81-84.
[15]欧剑,马进荣,张行南,等.大通至长江口整体水动力模型[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(3):258-262.
[16]杨红,王珂,胡松,等.油粒子体积对扩散的影响及油膜粒子化改进[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(4):18-22+26.
[17]蔡忠清.海上船舶溢油粒子化及适应性数值模拟研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010.
[18]龙绍桥,娄安刚,谭海涛,等.海上溢油粒子追踪预测模型中的两种数值方法比较[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(S1):157-162.
[19]FAY J A.The Spread of Oil Slicks on a Calm Sea[M]//Oil on the Sea.Springer US,1969:53-63.
[20]GUO W J,WANG Y X.A numerical oil spill model based on a hybrid method[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009,58(5):726-734.
[21]吕伯钦,傅慰祖.GB5044-85中华人民共和国标准职业性接触毒物危害程度分级[J].化工劳动保护,1999(S3):31-33.
[22]义刚,王时悦,朱嫕,等.海洋溢油数值模拟中相关参数敏感性分析[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):930-933.
[23]袁春光,王义刚,黄惠明,等.大亚湾芒洲岛海域移动溢油数值模拟研究[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):659-667.
[24]Al-Rabeh A H.Estimating surface oil spill transport due to wind in the Arabian Gulf[J].Ocean Engineering,1994,21(5):461-465.