深部倾斜岩层巷道变形分析与控制
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摘要
针对深部倾斜岩层巷道围岩大变形控制的难题,以九龙矿北翼二水平轨道大巷为工程背景,通过现场调研、数值模拟分析深部倾斜岩层巷道围岩变形破坏的特征和原因。研究结果表明:倾斜岩层剪切滑移破坏和弯曲变形、围岩松软破碎、底鼓严重、支护结构针对性差是导致巷道变形失稳的主要原因;随着岩层倾角的增加,深部巷道围岩的破坏模式由倾斜岩层层间滑移破坏和靠近巷道拱肩部位的岩体分离、弯曲变形共同作用,逐渐向岩层层间滑移破坏转变;基于以上研究,提出了采用高强度锚杆和高预应力锚索,在巷道变形关键部位加强支护,控制底鼓和架设U型钢,全断面喷射混凝土和注浆的支护技术,强化围岩的整体强度和承载能力。工程实践表明,巷道围岩变形控制效果显著。
Aiming at the difficult problem of controlling large deformation of surrounding rock in deep inclined strata roadway,the characteristics and causes of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in deep inclined strata roadway are analyzed by field investigation and numerical simulation,taking the second horizontal track roadway on the north wing of Jiulong mine as the engineering background.The results show that the main causes of roadway deformation and instability are shearing slip failure and bending deformation of inclined strata,soft and fractured surrounding rock,serious floor heave and poor pertinence of supporting structure.With the increase of dip angle of rock strata,the failure mode of surrounding rock of deep roadway changes gradually from interlayer sliding failure of inclined rock strata to interlayer sliding failure of rock mass separation and bending deformation near the arch shoulder of roadway.Based on the above research,the supporting technologies of high strength bolt and high prestressing cable,strengthening support at key parts of roadway deformation,controlling floor heave and erecting U-shaped steel,full-section shotcrete and grouting are put forward to strengthening the overall strength and bearing capacity of surrounding rock.Engineering practice shows that the effect of deformation control of surrounding rock of roadway is remarkable.
Aiming at the difficult problem of controlling large deformation of surrounding rock in deep inclined strata roadway,the characteristics and causes of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in deep inclined strata roadway are analyzed by field investigation and numerical simulation,taking the second horizontal track roadway on the north wing of Jiulong mine as the engineering background.The results show that the main causes of roadway deformation and instability are shearing slip failure and bending deformation of inclined strata,soft and fractured surrounding rock,serious floor heave and poor pertinence of supporting structure.With the increase of dip angle of rock strata,the failure mode of surrounding rock of deep roadway changes gradually from interlayer sliding failure of inclined rock strata to interlayer sliding failure of rock mass separation and bending deformation near the arch shoulder of roadway.Based on the above research,the supporting technologies of high strength bolt and high prestressing cable,strengthening support at key parts of roadway deformation,controlling floor heave and erecting U-shaped steel,full-section shotcrete and grouting are put forward to strengthening the overall strength and bearing capacity of surrounding rock.Engineering practice shows that the effect of deformation control of surrounding rock of roadway is remarkable.
引文
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[2]常聚才,谢广祥.深部巷道围岩力学特征及其稳定性控制[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):881-886.CHANG Jucai,XIE Guangxiang.Mechanical characteristics and stability control of rock roadway surrounding rock in deep mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):881-886.
[3]杨仁树,李永亮,郭东明,等.深部高应力软岩巷道变形破坏原因及支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(6):1035-1041.YANG Renshu,LI Yongliang,GUO Dongming,et al.Deformation reasons and support technology of deep and high-stress soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1035-1041.
[4]袁亮,薛俊华,刘泉声,等.煤矿深部岩巷围岩控制理论与支护技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):535-543.YUAN Liang,XUE Junhua,LIU Quansheng,et al.Surrounding rock stability control theory and support technique in deep rock roadway for coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(4):535-543.
[5]徐斌,董书宁,徐艳玲.急倾斜煤层防水煤柱合理尺寸的理论分析[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(4):307-315.XU Bin,DONG Shuning,XU Yanling.Waterproof pillar size design in steep coal seam[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(4):307-315.
[6]辛亚军,勾攀峰,贠东风,等.大倾角软岩回采巷道围岩失稳特征及支护分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):637-643.XIN Yajun,GOU Panfeng,YUN Dongfeng,et al.Instability characteristics and support analysis on surrounding rock of soft rock gateway in high-pitched seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):637-643.
[7]孙晓明,张国锋,蔡峰,等.深部倾斜岩层巷道非对称变形机制及控制对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1137-1143.SUN Xiaoming,ZHANG Guofeng,CAI Feng,et al.Asymmetric deformation mechanism within inclined rock strata induced by excavation in deep roadway and its controlling countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1137-1143.
[8]杨帆,陈卫忠,郑朋强,等.急倾斜软硬互层巷道变形破坏机制及支护技术研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(8):2367-2374,2425.YANG Fan,CHEN Weizhong,ZHENG Pengqiang,et al.Research on mechanism of deformation and failure for steeply inclined roadways in soft-hard alternant strata and its support technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(8):2367-2374,2425.
[9]王炯,郭志飚,蔡峰,等.深部穿层巷道非对称变形机理及控制对策研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):28-33.WANG Jiong,GUO Zhibiao,CAI Feng,et al.Study on asymmetric deformation mechanism and control countermeasures of deep layers roadway[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):28-33.
[10]范明建,康红普,林健,等.埋深1 300m大倾角复合岩层巷道围岩综合控制技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):706-713.FAN Mingjian,KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,et al.Study on comprehensive control technology of roadway surroundings with large-dip angle compound strata in coal mine with depth of 1 300 m[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):706-713.
[11]王襄禹,柏建彪,王猛.弱面影响下深部倾斜岩层巷道非均称失稳机制与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):544-551.WANG Xiangyu,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Meng.Study on asymmetric instability mechanism and control technology for roadway in deep inclined rock strata with weak plane[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):544-551.