基于降雨洪峰关系曲线的沿河村落预警指标确定
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摘要
预警指标对流域的山洪预警有着重要的作用。主要以荣成市崂山小流域崂山大疃为例,提出了确定雨量预警指标的方法。根据不同的土壤干湿程度,基于降雨径流曲线获得降雨径流关系,采用推理公式法计算设计洪水,绘制降雨洪峰曲线;根据崂山大疃现场调查,基于曼宁公式获取水位流量关系曲线,结合成灾水位推算临界流量,根据降雨洪峰曲线,由流量反推降雨。计算结果:在Pa=40 mm的情况下,崂山大疃的3个时段的临界雨量为62 mm,75 mm,95 mm,经过"折减"处理获得的3个时段预警指标,准备转移指标为56,68,86mm,立即转移指标为68,83,105 mm。
Early-warning index is important in mountain flood warning. This paper put forward a method of determining rainfall warning index with the Datuan River in the Laoshan Basin as a case. According to the different degree of soil moisture,this paper also obtained the relationship between rainfall and runoff based on the rainfall-runoff curve,used reasoning formula method to calculate the design flood,and drew the rainfall flood peak curve. Accord ing to the investigation in the Datuan field of Laoshan,Manning formula was used to get water level-flow curve,and calculated critical flow. The results show that the critical rainfall in 3 durations in Laoshan Datuan respectively are 62 mm,75 mm and 95 mm in the case of Pa = 40 mm. The early-warning index in the 3 durations was got by "discount" processing,ready transfer indexes are56 mm,68 mm and 86 mm,and the immediate transfer indexes are 68 mm,83 mm and 105 mm.
Early-warning index is important in mountain flood warning. This paper put forward a method of determining rainfall warning index with the Datuan River in the Laoshan Basin as a case. According to the different degree of soil moisture,this paper also obtained the relationship between rainfall and runoff based on the rainfall-runoff curve,used reasoning formula method to calculate the design flood,and drew the rainfall flood peak curve. Accord ing to the investigation in the Datuan field of Laoshan,Manning formula was used to get water level-flow curve,and calculated critical flow. The results show that the critical rainfall in 3 durations in Laoshan Datuan respectively are 62 mm,75 mm and 95 mm in the case of Pa = 40 mm. The early-warning index in the 3 durations was got by "discount" processing,ready transfer indexes are56 mm,68 mm and 86 mm,and the immediate transfer indexes are 68 mm,83 mm and 105 mm.
引文
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[3]王文英,李百克,邹文安.曼宁公式在工程水文设计中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2010,(5).(WANG Wengying,LI Baike,ZOU Wenan.The application of the manning formula in engineering hydrology design[J].Water Resources&Hydropower of Northeast China,2010,(5).(in Chinese))
[4]任建民.由推理公式推求小流域暴雨洪峰流量方法的探讨[J].甘肃水利水电技术,1998,(4).(REN Jianmin.According to the reasoning formula to discuss the method of storm flood peak of small watershed[J].Gansu Water Resources And Hydropower Technology,1998,(4).(in Chinese))
[5]汪明明.雨水池设计理论研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2008.(WANG Mingming.The Theoretical Research on Design of Rainwater Tanks[D].Bei Jing:Beijing University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]李磊,朱永楠,谷洪钦.推理公式在土耳其小流域设计洪水计算中的适用性分析[J].水文,2016,36(2).(LI Lei,ZHU Yongnan,GU Hongqin.Adaptability study on rational formula for Turkish small watershed design flood calculation[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2016,36(2).(in Chinese))
[7]张洪波.插值法的应用实例分析[J].华北科技学院学报,2010,7(3).(ZHANG Hongbo.A case analysis of interpolation application[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2010,7(3).(in Chinese))