因子修订下的济南南部山区土壤侵蚀特征研究
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摘要
济南市南部山区水土流失问题突出,为全面掌握济南市南部山区水土流失现状,需要对不同立地条件的土壤侵蚀规律及空间分布等进行系统研究。利用典型小流域高分辨率遥感影像数据以及地面获得的实验数据对美国通用土壤流失方程(USLE)中多项因子进行修正,并结合Landsat8影像数据反演了南部山区的水土流失特征。结果表明:南部山区土壤侵蚀模数为0~1 510.11 t/(km~2·a),平均值为223.40 t/(km~2·a),年侵蚀总量约为118.56万t,整体呈西南和东北两端高、中间低的空间分布特征;历城区和章丘区主要以微度侵蚀为主,市中区、长清区、历下区和平阴县则以轻度侵蚀为主,说明市中区、长清区、历下区和平阴县是南部山区土壤侵蚀的主要分布地区。
On account of water and soil loss which is increasingly serious in southern mountain area of Jinan,in order to master the status quo of soil erosion in southern mountain area of Jinan fully,it needs to investigate the law and spatial distribution of soil erosion which under the different site conditions. Based on it,the study used typical small watershed's high-resolution satellite image data and experimental data from ground to amend many factors in universal soil loss equation( USLE) from America,and combining with Landsat8 image data to invert the characteristics of water and soil loss in southern mountain area. The results show that the soil erosion modulus of southern mountain area range from 0 to 1510.11 t/( km~2·a),the average is 223.40 t/( km~2·a),the total amount of water and soil loss is about 1.185 6 million t.The law of spatial distribution is that southwest and northeast are high and the middle is low. Licheng and Zhangqiu are mainly focused on micro-erosion,while Shizhong,Changqing,Lixia and Pingyin are focused on light erosion,which shows that Shizhong,Changqing,Lixia and Pingyin are main distribution areas of soil erosion in southern mountain area.
On account of water and soil loss which is increasingly serious in southern mountain area of Jinan,in order to master the status quo of soil erosion in southern mountain area of Jinan fully,it needs to investigate the law and spatial distribution of soil erosion which under the different site conditions. Based on it,the study used typical small watershed's high-resolution satellite image data and experimental data from ground to amend many factors in universal soil loss equation( USLE) from America,and combining with Landsat8 image data to invert the characteristics of water and soil loss in southern mountain area. The results show that the soil erosion modulus of southern mountain area range from 0 to 1510.11 t/( km~2·a),the average is 223.40 t/( km~2·a),the total amount of water and soil loss is about 1.185 6 million t.The law of spatial distribution is that southwest and northeast are high and the middle is low. Licheng and Zhangqiu are mainly focused on micro-erosion,while Shizhong,Changqing,Lixia and Pingyin are focused on light erosion,which shows that Shizhong,Changqing,Lixia and Pingyin are main distribution areas of soil erosion in southern mountain area.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利部.第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国水利部,2013:1-2.
[2]南部山区生态功能保护区生态保护与农民增收研究课题组.济南市南部山区生态功能保护区生态保护与农民增收研究[J].山东经济战略研究,2011(12):39-47.
[3]郭连玲,李泉娥.济南市南部山区水土保持建设现状及对策[J].山东水利,2013(11):8-9.
[4]山东省水利科学研究院.山东省水土保持规划[R].济南:山东省水利科学研究院,2015:27-34.
[5]WISCKMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses:a Guide to Conservation Planning[G].U.S.Department of Agriculture.Handbook No.537.Washington,D.C:U.S.Government Printing Office,1978:17-34.
[6]WISCHMEIER W H,JOHNSON C B,CROSS B V.Soil Erodibility Nomograph for Farmland and Construction Sites[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1971,26(5):189-193.
[7]WILLIAMS J R,RENARD K G,DYKE P T,et al.EPIC:A New Method for Assessing Erosion's Effect on Soil Productivity[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1983,38(5):381-383.
[8]MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revised Slope Length Factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation.[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[9]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,SHI P J,et al.Slope Length Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes.[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1759-1763.
[10]蔡崇法,丁树文.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[11]安培浚,刘树林,颉耀文,等.植被指数遥感定量研究:以民勤绿洲为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,20(6):574-580.
[12]马红斌,王庆,王秦湘.基于NDVI的多沙粗沙区植被覆盖度研究[J].人民黄河,2012,34(12):94-95.
[2]南部山区生态功能保护区生态保护与农民增收研究课题组.济南市南部山区生态功能保护区生态保护与农民增收研究[J].山东经济战略研究,2011(12):39-47.
[3]郭连玲,李泉娥.济南市南部山区水土保持建设现状及对策[J].山东水利,2013(11):8-9.
[4]山东省水利科学研究院.山东省水土保持规划[R].济南:山东省水利科学研究院,2015:27-34.
[5]WISCKMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses:a Guide to Conservation Planning[G].U.S.Department of Agriculture.Handbook No.537.Washington,D.C:U.S.Government Printing Office,1978:17-34.
[6]WISCHMEIER W H,JOHNSON C B,CROSS B V.Soil Erodibility Nomograph for Farmland and Construction Sites[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1971,26(5):189-193.
[7]WILLIAMS J R,RENARD K G,DYKE P T,et al.EPIC:A New Method for Assessing Erosion's Effect on Soil Productivity[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1983,38(5):381-383.
[8]MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revised Slope Length Factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation.[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[9]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,SHI P J,et al.Slope Length Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes.[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1759-1763.
[10]蔡崇法,丁树文.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[11]安培浚,刘树林,颉耀文,等.植被指数遥感定量研究:以民勤绿洲为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,20(6):574-580.
[12]马红斌,王庆,王秦湘.基于NDVI的多沙粗沙区植被覆盖度研究[J].人民黄河,2012,34(12):94-95.