基于Arcgis-python断面汇水面积批量提取方法研究
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摘要
汇水面积对于工程设计中建坝成库和桥梁涵洞孔径尺寸等具有非常重要的现实意义。以30 m分辨率的栅格DEM和已有的矢量河流为基础数据,基于Arcgis10.4软件的水文工具箱和python程序,批量处理和计算贵州省境内的芙蓉江流域50 km~2以上河流的断面以上的汇水面积,选取了广泛分布于芙蓉江流域代表性强的三类控制断面(水库类型6个、水文站类型2个和支流汇口类型29个),共37个。结果表明,在借助python批量处理的环境下,计算结果准确性高,计算的37个河道断面的汇水面积绝对误差(Δ)中最小的仅为0.08 km~2,相对误差m最小的仅为0.09%,决定系数R~2高达0.99,相对均方根误差RRMSE仅有2.74%,相对分析误差RPD为49.01,远大于2,偏差Bias为2.88;而相较于人工在地形图上勾绘,这种方法计算速度快,通过python批量处理的时间仅为人工的0.63%,极大地节省生产时间,赢得时间成本;此外,还将该方法应用于洪渡河流域、桐梓河流域、綦江流域、赤水河流域、大渡口以上区域、大渡口以下干流区域以及六盘水区域等7个研究区并获得很好的验证结果。因此,为河流控制断面的汇水面积勾绘提供一种新的计算方法,同时为生态断面流量以及坝址库容曲线的计算分析奠定基础。
The catchment area is of great practical significance to the construction of dam reservoir and the size of bridge culvert. Based on the 30 m resolution raster DEM and existing vector river on the basis of the data,based on the 10.4 software toolbox and python programs,batch processing and calculation of Furongjiang River Basin in Guizhou Province are more than 50 km~2 river channel section of the catchment area. Results show that the batch processing under python environment has high calculation accuracy,calculation of 37 in the cross section of the river catchment area of the smallest absolute error( Δ) of only 0.08 km~2,minimum relative error( m) is only 0.09%,the determination coefficient( R~2) is as high as 0.99,relative root mean square error( RRMSE) is only 2.74%,relative analysis of error( RPD) is 49.01,far more than 2,the deviation of Bias is 2.88. Compared with manual sketching on topographic map,this method is faster in calculation,and the batch processing time through python is only 0.63% of manual processing time,which greatly saves production time and gains time cost. In this paper,the method is also applied to the Hongdu River Basin,Tongzi River Basin,Qijiang River Basin,Chishui River Basin,Dadukou Region,Dadukou under the main stream region and Liupanshui Region of seven research areas and has obtained good verification results. So,this paper provides a new calculation method for the drawing of catchment area of river control section,and lays a foundation for the calculation of flow rate of ecological section and reservoir capacity curve of dam site.
The catchment area is of great practical significance to the construction of dam reservoir and the size of bridge culvert. Based on the 30 m resolution raster DEM and existing vector river on the basis of the data,based on the 10.4 software toolbox and python programs,batch processing and calculation of Furongjiang River Basin in Guizhou Province are more than 50 km~2 river channel section of the catchment area. Results show that the batch processing under python environment has high calculation accuracy,calculation of 37 in the cross section of the river catchment area of the smallest absolute error( Δ) of only 0.08 km~2,minimum relative error( m) is only 0.09%,the determination coefficient( R~2) is as high as 0.99,relative root mean square error( RRMSE) is only 2.74%,relative analysis of error( RPD) is 49.01,far more than 2,the deviation of Bias is 2.88. Compared with manual sketching on topographic map,this method is faster in calculation,and the batch processing time through python is only 0.63% of manual processing time,which greatly saves production time and gains time cost. In this paper,the method is also applied to the Hongdu River Basin,Tongzi River Basin,Qijiang River Basin,Chishui River Basin,Dadukou Region,Dadukou under the main stream region and Liupanshui Region of seven research areas and has obtained good verification results. So,this paper provides a new calculation method for the drawing of catchment area of river control section,and lays a foundation for the calculation of flow rate of ecological section and reservoir capacity curve of dam site.
引文
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[18]王峥,Nguyen Thi Tinh,马孝义,等.基于SRTM_DEM的泾河流域特征信息提取研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011(11):32-36.
[19]米娜,陈鹏狮,张玉书,等.几种蒸散模型在玉米农田蒸散量计算中的应用比较[J].资源科学,2009(9):1 599-1 606.
[20]司海青,姚艳敏,王德营,等.含水率对土壤有机质含量高光谱估算的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015(9):114-120.
[21]张潇戈,曹广超,曹生奎.基于DEM祁连山南坡河网提取时集水面积阈值的确定[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(1):31-34.
[2]胡刚,宋慧,石星军.基于单位汇水面积的地形因子特征评价[J].地理科学,2016(4):621-627.
[3]马立山,姚力,张海平,等.利用DEM划分雨水汇水面积的方法研究[J].中国给水排水,2011(15):56-59.
[4]吴用,李畅游,张成福,等.基于Arc GIS和SWAT的山区、平原区复合地貌流域划分方法研究[J].干旱区地理,2016(2):413-419.
[5]卢洋暘,刘斌.基于Civil 3D的复杂地形汇水面积分析[J].中国市政工程,2018(4):44-45.
[6]李晓,王宁娟,申宿慧,等.基于Arc GIS的丰宁县下庙水库流域面积量测[J].水科学与工程技术,2013(3):90-91.
[7]张康松.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[8]任启伟,肖素芬.DEM尺度对MIKE SHE坡面二维流模拟的影响分析[J].广东水利水电,2011(S1):5-8.
[9]张利敏,王浩,孟现勇.基于CMADS驱动的SWAT模型在辽宁浑河流域的应用研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2017(5):1-9.
[10]张建太,李兆营,刘卫东,等.基于DEM高程对未知区域进行MAPGIS地形图的绘制[J].电子技术与软件工程,2014(7):120-121.
[11]姜雪恺,霍亮,赵圳宇,等.以黄河上游区下段流域为例分析Arc GIS环境下DEM流域特征提取[J].内蒙古水利,2018(10):19-21.
[12]周晨霓,任德智.基于DEM的西藏鲁朗河流域数字河网提取时集水面积阈值的确定[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(10):49-52.
[13]敬正书.中国河湖大典·长江卷[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[14]GB/T 4883-2008,数据的统计处理和解释·正态样本离群值的判断和处理[S].
[15]O P,F D.A fast,simple and versatile algorithm to fill the depressions of digital elevation models[J].Catena,2002,46(2):159-176.
[16]D G D.Raster and vector processing for scanned linework[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1987,53:1 383-1 387.
[17]K J S,O D J.Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis[J].Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing,1988,54(11):1 593-1 600.
[18]王峥,Nguyen Thi Tinh,马孝义,等.基于SRTM_DEM的泾河流域特征信息提取研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011(11):32-36.
[19]米娜,陈鹏狮,张玉书,等.几种蒸散模型在玉米农田蒸散量计算中的应用比较[J].资源科学,2009(9):1 599-1 606.
[20]司海青,姚艳敏,王德营,等.含水率对土壤有机质含量高光谱估算的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015(9):114-120.
[21]张潇戈,曹广超,曹生奎.基于DEM祁连山南坡河网提取时集水面积阈值的确定[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(1):31-34.