论肝的“御邪”和胆的“辨别”功能
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摘要
汉字是一种表音与表意结合的文字,字的创造蕴含着古贤对于事物最直观甚至是最接近本质的认识,体现着他们的思维方式,而字义随着时代变迁而产生的变化也能从某些方面反映人们对于事物认知的变化,故研究一字的造字及字义演变过程对于理解该字所形容的事物与现象有着不能忽视的价值。本文从肝胆的造字及字义演变过程入手,结合古代医籍中对血和胆汁功能认识的分析,探讨肝的"御邪"、胆的"辨别"功能,指出古人认为在机体抗病御邪过程中,肝负责调动、指挥机体的御邪力量,胆起着监控识别传递信息的作用。
Chinese characters is a combination of phonetic and ideographic text,The creation of characters embodies the ancients' the most intuitive even the closest to the essence knowledge of things. manifesting their way of thinking.change of meaning with the changes of the times and also can reflect the change of cognition for people from some aspects,so the study of word formation and the meaning of evolution has important value for the understanding of things and phenomena of the word to describe. From the perspective of Etymology and the evolution of meaning of word and through analysising the Recognition of the functions of blood and bile in ancient Chinese medical books,we took a reserch on defencing exogenous pathogenic factors function of liver and the recognition function of gallblader and concluded two possibilities: The ancients believed that in the body's disease resistance and pathogenic activities,the liver was responsible for mobilizing and directing the body's pathogenic forces,and the gallblader played the role of monitoring,identification and transmission of information during the process.
Chinese characters is a combination of phonetic and ideographic text,The creation of characters embodies the ancients' the most intuitive even the closest to the essence knowledge of things. manifesting their way of thinking.change of meaning with the changes of the times and also can reflect the change of cognition for people from some aspects,so the study of word formation and the meaning of evolution has important value for the understanding of things and phenomena of the word to describe. From the perspective of Etymology and the evolution of meaning of word and through analysising the Recognition of the functions of blood and bile in ancient Chinese medical books,we took a reserch on defencing exogenous pathogenic factors function of liver and the recognition function of gallblader and concluded two possibilities: The ancients believed that in the body's disease resistance and pathogenic activities,the liver was responsible for mobilizing and directing the body's pathogenic forces,and the gallblader played the role of monitoring,identification and transmission of information during the process.
引文
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[2]刘少灿,李鲁钦,张德英.论“肝主宣发”[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2015,21(5):600-601.
[3]金文.汉字地图[M].广州:南方日报出版社,2006:23.
[4]杨雄.方言:附音序、笔画索引[M].北京:中华书局,2016:105.
[5]许慎.说文解字[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2007:102.
[6]尔雅[M].郭璞,注.上海:上海古籍出版社,2015:53.
[7]张景岳.张景岳医学全书[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1999:68.
[8]谷浩荣.基于概念隐喻的中医藏象学说研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2014.
[9]邵继春,王久源,张成琼,等.试论肝主“御外”[J].四川中医,2000,18(6):7-9.
[10]王洪弘,李成卫,王庆国,等.阴阳五行学说与肝脏象理论的三次变革[J].世界中医药,2015,10(11):1675-1679.
[11]石春蕊,石春波,匡钱华,等.当归饮子治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效与安全性的系统评价[J].中国循证医学杂志,2012,12(10):1261-1269.
[12]叶传涛,魏欣,张颖,等.肝脏固有免疫系统研究现状[J].临床肝胆病杂志,2014,30(9):846-850.
[13]罗建平.汉字中六腑隐义探微[J].医古文知识,2001,18(1):33-35.
[14]田永衍,郝军,徐勤磊.《素问·灵兰秘典论》考释三则[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2011,17(5):467-468.
[15]肖雪,李闻.胆汁中Ig A的形成和作用[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2012,21(1):95-98.
[16]尤瓦尔·赫拉利.人类简史[M].林俊宏,译注.北京:中信出版社,2014:49-50.