锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展
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摘要
硅材料因其具有较高的理论容量、脱/嵌锂电位较低等优势受到人们的广泛关注。但是硅材料在嵌/脱锂过程中剧烈的体积效应限制了其实际应用。剧烈的体积变化将导致电极材料快速机械粉化,并从集流体上逐渐脱离,造成容量的快速下降。同时,还会导致材料表面的固体电解质界面膜(solid electrolyte interface,SEI)不断破坏-重构,造成持续的锂离子损耗。因此这些缺点是硅材料运用于电池负极材料亟需解决的问题。针对上述问题一个很好的解决办法是同具有弹性的导电材料进行复合,由此硅与碳材料的复合成为锂离子电池阳极的理想选择。本文列举了一些改进硅基负极材料的方法,并对一些硅/碳复合负极材料进行了综述,以及提出未来硅碳负极材料发展趋势。
Silicon has attracted much attention in recent years due to its advantages of high specific capacity,and low lithium insertion/deintercalation electric potential.However,the poor electrochemistry performance due to the large volume change of Si upon insertion and extraction of lithium has been an impediment to its deployment.The drastic volume effect will lead to the rapid mechanical pulverization of the electrode material,and gradually break away from the current collector,resulting in a rapid decrease in the capacity of the electrode materials.At the same time,it will also lead to the continuous destruction and reconstruction of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film formed on the surface of the material,resulting in continuous lithium ion loss.Therefore,these shortcomings need to be solved urgently.A good solution to the above problems is to combine silicon with some elastic conductive materials,so the composite of silicon and carbon materials is the ideal choice for lithium ion battery anode.In this review,some methods of improving silicon-based anode materials are listed,and some silicon/carbon composite anode materials are reviewed,also the development trend of silicon-carbon anode materials in the future is put forward.
Silicon has attracted much attention in recent years due to its advantages of high specific capacity,and low lithium insertion/deintercalation electric potential.However,the poor electrochemistry performance due to the large volume change of Si upon insertion and extraction of lithium has been an impediment to its deployment.The drastic volume effect will lead to the rapid mechanical pulverization of the electrode material,and gradually break away from the current collector,resulting in a rapid decrease in the capacity of the electrode materials.At the same time,it will also lead to the continuous destruction and reconstruction of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film formed on the surface of the material,resulting in continuous lithium ion loss.Therefore,these shortcomings need to be solved urgently.A good solution to the above problems is to combine silicon with some elastic conductive materials,so the composite of silicon and carbon materials is the ideal choice for lithium ion battery anode.In this review,some methods of improving silicon-based anode materials are listed,and some silicon/carbon composite anode materials are reviewed,also the development trend of silicon-carbon anode materials in the future is put forward.
引文
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[2]ARICA S,BRUCE P,SCROSATI B et al.Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices[J].Nature materials,2005,4(5):366-77.
[3]GOODENOUGH J B,KIM Y.Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries[J].Chemistry of Materials,2010,22(3):587-603.
[4]CHAN C K,RUFFO R,HONG S S et al.Surface chemistry and morphology of the solid electrolyte interphase on silicon nanowire lithium-ion battery anodes[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,189(2):1132-1140.
[5]ZONG L,ZHU B,LU Z et al.Nanopurification of silicon from 84%to 99.999%purity with a simple and scalable process[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2015,112(44):13473-13477.
[6]WU H,CUI Y.Designing nanostructured Si anodes for high energy lithium ion batteries[J].Nano Today,2012,7(5):414-429.
[7]OBROVAC M N.Si-alloy negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries[J].Current Opinion in Electrochemistry,2018,9:8-17.
[8]LIANG B,LIU Y,XU Y.Silicon-based materials as high capacity anodes for next generation lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,267:469-490.
[9]DUNN B,KAMATH H,TARASCON J.for the Grid:ABattery of Choices[J].Science,2011,334(6058):928.
[10]M A,TARASCON JM.Building better batteries[J].Nature,2008,451(February):652-657.
[11]KIM H,CHO J.Superior Lithium Electroactive Mesoporous Si@Carbon Core-Shell Nanowires for Lithium Battery Anode Material[J].Nano Letters,2008,8:3688-3691.
[12]XIE J,CAO G S,ZHAO X B.Electrochemical performances of Si-coated MCMB as anode material in lithiumion cells[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2004,88(2-3):295-299.
[13]NG S H,WANG J,KONSTANTINOV K et al.Spraypyrolyzed silicon/disordered carbon nanocomposites for lithium-ion battery anodes[J].Journal of Power Sources,2007,174(2):823-827.
[14]LUO F,LIU B,ZHENG J et al.Review-Nano-Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Materials Towards Practical Application for Next Generation Li-Ion Batteries[J].Journal of The Electrochemical Society,2015,162(14):A2509-A2528.
[15]JIN Y,ZHU B,LU Z et al.Challenges and recent progress in the development of Si anodes for lithium-ion battery[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(23):1-17.
[16]LIU X H,HUANG J Y.In situ TEM electrochemistry of anode materials in lithium ion batteries[J].Energy and Environmental Science,2011,4(10):3844-3860.
[17]LIU X H,LIU Y,KUSHIMA A et al.In situ TEM experiments of electrochemical lithiation and delithiation of individual nanostructures[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2012,2(7):722-741.
[18]CEN Y,QIN Q,SISSON R D et al.Effect of Particle Size and Surface Treatment on Si/Graphene Nanocomposite Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes[J].Electrochimica Acta,Elsevier Ltd,2017,251:690-698.
[19]CUI L-F,HU L,CHOI J W et al.Light-Weight FreeStanding Carbon Lithium Ion Batteries[J].ACS Nano,2010,4(7):3671-3678.
[20]ZHENG Y,YANG J,WANG J et al.Nano-porous Si/Ccomposites for anode material of lithium-ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007,52(19):5863-5867.
[21]CUI Y,LI Y,LI W et al.Nonfilling Carbon Coating of Porous Silicon Micrometer-Sized Particles for High-Performance[J].ACS nano,2015,9(3):2540-2547.
[22]CHAN C K,PENG H,LIU G et al.High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2008,3(1):31-5.
[23]ZHAI W,AI Q,CHEN L et al.Walnut-inspired microsized porous silicon/graphene core-shell composites for highperformance lithium-ion battery anodes[J].Nano Research,2017,10(12):4274-4283.
[24]HUANG R,FAN X,SHEN W et al.Carbon-coated silicon nanowire array films for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes[J].Applied Physics Letters,2009,95(13):13-16.
[25]KIM B C,UONO H,SATO T et al.Li-ion battery anode properties of Si-carbon nanocomposites fabricated by high energy multiring-type mill[J].Solid State Ionics,2004,172(1-4SPEC.ISS.):33-37.
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[27]KIM T,MO Y H,NAHM K S et al.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)as a buffer layer in silicon/CNTs composite electrodes for lithium secondary batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2006,162(2SPEC.ISS.):1275-1281.
[28]ZHANG M,HOU X,WANG J et al.Interweaved Si@C/CNTs&CNFs composites as anode materials for Liion batteries[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,Elsevier B.V.,2014,588:206-211.
[29]ZHANG R,DU Y,LI D et al.Highly Reversible and Large Lithium Storage in Mesoporous Si/C Nanocomposite Anodes with Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in a Carbon Framework[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(39):6749-6755.
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[31]CHOU S L,WANG J Z,CHOUCAIR M et al.Enhanced reversible lithium storage in a nanosize silicon/graphene composite[J].Electrochemistry Communications,Elsevier B.V.,2010,12(2):303-306.
[32]CHAE S,KO M,PARK S et al.Micron-sized Fe-Cu-Si ternary composite anodes for high energy Li-ion batteries[J].Energy and Environmental Science,Royal Society of Chemistry,2016,9(4):1251-1257.
[33]SHEN J,XUE H,WU G et al.Microstructure control of carbon aerogels[J].Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University,2007,35(6).
[34]HASEGAWA T,MUKAI S R,SHIRATO Y et al.Preparation of carbon gel microspheres containing silicon powder for lithium ion battery anodes[J].Carbon,2004,42(12-13):2573-2579.
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