广西4种丛生竹材解剖特征的对比研究
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摘要
采用生物解剖学方法,对广西4种丛生竹(撑篙竹、粉单竹、吊丝竹、青皮竹)的主要解剖特征进行了系统研究,以期为优质制浆造纸竹材的合理筛选提供基础数据。研究结果表明,4种丛生竹的维管束形态均属于断腰型,平均纤维组织比量、纤维长度、长宽比和壁腔比分别介于40.2%～46.8%、1.75～3.54 mm、117～229、2.50～5.90之间。在竹壁径向上,维管束密度由竹黄向竹青逐渐增大,而双壁厚呈减小的趋势,竹壁径中部的纤维长度、宽度和腔径均为最大。综合来看,4种丛生竹适宜作为制浆造纸原料。其中,撑篙竹的纤维性能与毛竹相近,粉单竹、青皮竹和吊丝竹的纤维性能更优。
To provide basic data for the reasonable selection of high quality bamboo species as raw material for pulping and papermaking, the method of biological anatomy was used to investigate the anatomical characteristics of four sympodial bamboos(Bambusa chungii, Dendrocala-mus minor, Bambusa textilis, Bambusa pervariabilis). The results indicated that the morphology of vascular bundles in four sympodial bamboos was the type of broken-waist. The average fiber percentage, length, length-width ratio and wall-lumen ratio of these four bamboos ranged from 40.2% to 46.8%, 1.75 mm to 3.54 mm, 117 to 229 and 2.50 to 5.90, respectively. In the radial direction of the bamboo culm wall, the density of vascular bundles declined, but the double cell wall thickness increased from the outer zone to the inner. The maximums of length, width and lumen diameter of fiber were appeared in the middle of bamboo culm walls. The four sympodial bamboos were suitable as raw materials for pulping and papermaking, in which the fiber quality of Bambusa pervariabilis was similar to moso bamboo, but not as good as the other three species.
To provide basic data for the reasonable selection of high quality bamboo species as raw material for pulping and papermaking, the method of biological anatomy was used to investigate the anatomical characteristics of four sympodial bamboos(Bambusa chungii, Dendrocala-mus minor, Bambusa textilis, Bambusa pervariabilis). The results indicated that the morphology of vascular bundles in four sympodial bamboos was the type of broken-waist. The average fiber percentage, length, length-width ratio and wall-lumen ratio of these four bamboos ranged from 40.2% to 46.8%, 1.75 mm to 3.54 mm, 117 to 229 and 2.50 to 5.90, respectively. In the radial direction of the bamboo culm wall, the density of vascular bundles declined, but the double cell wall thickness increased from the outer zone to the inner. The maximums of length, width and lumen diameter of fiber were appeared in the middle of bamboo culm walls. The four sympodial bamboos were suitable as raw materials for pulping and papermaking, in which the fiber quality of Bambusa pervariabilis was similar to moso bamboo, but not as good as the other three species.
引文
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[19] Zhang J M,Wu A G,Fu Y S.Research on the Fiber Morphology and Characteristics of Reed[J].Paper & Paper Making,2015,34(6):55.张俊苗,伍安国,付永山.芦苇纤维形态及其特性的研究[J].纸和造纸,2015,34(6):55.
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[21] Gong Z H,Huang W S,Zhang G Y,et al.Study on the Pulping and Papermaking of Short Rotation Pinus massoniana Wood[J].Forestry Science & Technology,2004,20(2):30.龚志海,黄文胜,张广炎,等.短周期良种马尾松制浆造纸性能研究[J].林业与环境科学,2004,20(2):30.
[22] Akil H M,Omar M F,Mazuki A A M,et al.Kenaf fiber reinforced composites:a review[J].Materials & Design,2011,32(8):4107.
[2] Ding S,Tang Y M,Zhang C Y,et al.Comparison of Culm Form of Five Sympodial Bamboo Species in Sichuan[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(11):130.丁上,唐玉梅,张朝艳,等.四川5种丛生竹的秆形特征比较[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(11):130.
[3] Qi J Q,Chi B,Xie J L,et al.Study on Variations of Fiber Morphology and Tissue Proportion of Neosinocalamus affinis culm[J].Transactions of China Pulp & Paper,2013,28(3):1.齐锦秋,池冰,谢九龙,等.慈竹纤维形态及组织比量的研究[J].中国造纸学报,2013,28(3):1.
[4] Li Q,Lin J G.Difference in Fiber Morphological Properties of Two-year-old Dendrocalamus latiflorus[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2017,36(1):54.李权,林金国.2年生麻竹不同竹秆部位纤维形态特征的差异分析[J].竹子研究汇刊,2017,36(1):54.
[5] Huang X Y,Qi J Q,Xie J L,et al.Variation in anatomical characteristics of bamboo,Bambusa rigida[J].Sains Malaysiana,2015,44(1):17.
[6] Xu S D,Ju W Z,Deng B Y.A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between DBH and Bodywood Fresh Weight of Bambusa Chungii in Guangxi[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,2013,42(2):162.许仕道,巨文珍,邓必玉.广西粉单竹胸径与主干材鲜重的关系初探[J].广西林业科学,2013,42(2):162.
[7] Chen L J,Zhang C Y,Lai Y P,et al.Fiber Morphology of Six Sympodial Bamboos in Sichuan[J].Journal of Northwest A & F University(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(5):79.陈丽娟,张朝燕,赖永平,等.四川6种丛生竹的纤维形态研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(5):79.
[8] Li X H,Luo B,He R.Anatomical Characteristics of Bambusa texlilis McClure and Bambusa emeiensis in Different Growth Periods[J].World Bamboo & Rattan,2017,15(4):9.李兴会,罗蓓,何蕊.青皮竹和慈竹不同发育期竹材解剖特征研究[J].世界竹藤通讯,2017,15(4):9.
[9] Ye L P,Fang G G,Shen K Z,et al.Research and Development of Mechanical Progress to Separate Bamboo Parenchyma Cells from Bamboo[J].China Pulp & Paper Industry,2013(8):26.叶利培,房桂干,沈葵忠,等.竹材薄壁细胞机械分离方法及研究进展[J].中华纸业,2013(8):26.
[10] Wei X Z.The Comparative Study of Four Bamboo Vascular and Parenchyma Tissue[J].Journal of Shanxi Teachers University(Natural Science Edition),1999,13(2):44.魏学智.四种竹材维管束和薄壁组织的比较解剖研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,13(2):44.
[11] Wahab R,Mustapa M T,Sulaiman O,et al.Anatomical and Physical Properties of Cultivated Two- and Four-year-old Bambusa vulgaris[J].Sains Malaysiana,2010,39(4):571.
[12] Ma L F,Zhu L Q.Fibre Forms and Tissue Percentage of Six Species of Sympodial Bamboos in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,1990,7(1):63.马灵飞,朱丽青.浙江省6种丛生竹纤维形态及其组织比量的研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,1990,7(1):63.
[13] SU W H,Fan S H,Peng Y.et al.Fiber Forms and Tissue Mea-surements of Bambusa sinospinosa,Bambusa blumeana and Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Stem[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2011,28(3):386.苏文会,范少辉,彭颖,等.车筒竹、箣竹和越南巨竹竹材的纤维形态与组织比量[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(3):386.
[14] Lu J,Liu X E,Wang Y H,et al.Main Anatomical Characteristics of Bambusa sinospinosa[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(1):51.鲁瑾,刘杏娥,汪佑宏,等.车筒竹主要解剖特征的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(1):51.
[15] Mustafa M T,Wahab R,Sudin M,et al.Anatomical and Microstructure Features of Tropical Bamboo Gigantochloa brang,G.levis,G.scotechinii and G.wrayi[J].International Journal of Forest Soil & Erosion,2011,1(1):25.
[16] Ma L F,Ma N X.Study on Variation in Bamboo Wood Properties of Phyllostachys heterocycle Var.Pubescens[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1997,33(4):356.马灵飞,马乃训.毛竹材材性变异的研究[J].林业科学,1997,33(4):356.
[17] Gan X H,Chen F,Lin S Y,et al.Fiber Morphology of Different Variation Types of Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle) Keng f.[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2013,37(4):99.甘小洪,陈凤,林树燕,等.慈竹不同变异类型的纤维形态研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(4):99.
[18] Zhu H F,Yao X S.Studies on the Fibre Structure of 33 Chinese Bamboos Available for Pulp Manufacture[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1964,9(4):311.朱惠方,腰希申.国产33种竹材制浆应用上纤维形态结构的研究[J].林业科学,1964,9(4):311.
[19] Zhang J M,Wu A G,Fu Y S.Research on the Fiber Morphology and Characteristics of Reed[J].Paper & Paper Making,2015,34(6):55.张俊苗,伍安国,付永山.芦苇纤维形态及其特性的研究[J].纸和造纸,2015,34(6):55.
[20] Chen X,Wang Z J,Wang J.Analysis on Several Kinds of Fast-growing Plants' Fibre Configuration and Chemical Components[J].Hu′nan Papermaking,2009(1):5.陈希,王志杰,王建.常见四种阔叶材纤维形态和化学成分的研究[J].湖南造纸,2009(1):5.
[21] Gong Z H,Huang W S,Zhang G Y,et al.Study on the Pulping and Papermaking of Short Rotation Pinus massoniana Wood[J].Forestry Science & Technology,2004,20(2):30.龚志海,黄文胜,张广炎,等.短周期良种马尾松制浆造纸性能研究[J].林业与环境科学,2004,20(2):30.
[22] Akil H M,Omar M F,Mazuki A A M,et al.Kenaf fiber reinforced composites:a review[J].Materials & Design,2011,32(8):4107.