石墨烯溶胶配施化肥对土壤中养分流失的影响
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摘要
通过土柱淋溶试验研究了石墨烯溶胶配施化肥后对土壤中养分流失的影响,以探究石墨烯溶胶的保肥作用。试验共设计5个石墨烯溶胶浓度,进行4次淋溶,测定每次淋溶液以及4次淋溶后的土壤的电导率、氮、磷、钾含量。结果表明:(1)石墨烯溶胶与化肥配施于土壤中后对淋溶液的电导率、氮、磷及钾的含量均有影响,且添加的石墨烯溶胶浓度越大影响越明显。添加石墨烯溶胶处理后的淋溶液中,硝态氮、总氮、磷的含量最大可分别降低88.2%,80.9%和84.7%。(2)4次淋溶后,添加石墨烯溶胶处理的土壤中氮、磷、钾的含量及电导率与对照相比均有增加,其中对总氮、总磷的持留效果最大可提高175.0%和59.3%,但对铵态氮的持留无明显效果。(3)石墨烯溶胶对淋洗液和土壤的pH影响不明显。石墨烯溶胶与肥料施入土壤中,可明显减少土壤中养分的淋溶损失,对土壤中的养分有明显的持留效果,具有保肥的作用。
The effect of graphene solution combined with chemical fertilizer on the soil nutrients loss was studied by soil column leaching test,and the fertilizer retention effect of graphene solution was explored.A total of five graphene solution concentrations were designed,and four times leaching was carried out,the conductivity,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of each leaching solution and the soil after four times of leaching were determined.The results showed that:(1)Application of graphene solution combined with chemical fertilizer had effect on the conductivity,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaching solution,and the greater the graphene solution concentration added,the more obvious the effect was.The content of nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaching solution treated with graphene solution could be reduced by 88.2%,80.9% and 84.7%,respectively.(2)After four times of leaching,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and the conductivity value in the soil treated with graphene solution increased compared with the control,and the retention effects of total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 175.0%and 59.3%,but there was no significant effect on the retention of ammonium nitrogen.(3)The effect of graphene solution on the pH of the eluent and soil was not obvious.The application of graphene solution combined with chemical fertilizer into the soil could significantly reduce the leaching loss of soil nutrients,and had obvious retention effect of the soil nutrients.Graphene solution had the function of fertilizer conservation.
The effect of graphene solution combined with chemical fertilizer on the soil nutrients loss was studied by soil column leaching test,and the fertilizer retention effect of graphene solution was explored.A total of five graphene solution concentrations were designed,and four times leaching was carried out,the conductivity,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of each leaching solution and the soil after four times of leaching were determined.The results showed that:(1)Application of graphene solution combined with chemical fertilizer had effect on the conductivity,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaching solution,and the greater the graphene solution concentration added,the more obvious the effect was.The content of nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaching solution treated with graphene solution could be reduced by 88.2%,80.9% and 84.7%,respectively.(2)After four times of leaching,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and the conductivity value in the soil treated with graphene solution increased compared with the control,and the retention effects of total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 175.0%and 59.3%,but there was no significant effect on the retention of ammonium nitrogen.(3)The effect of graphene solution on the pH of the eluent and soil was not obvious.The application of graphene solution combined with chemical fertilizer into the soil could significantly reduce the leaching loss of soil nutrients,and had obvious retention effect of the soil nutrients.Graphene solution had the function of fertilizer conservation.
引文
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[21]高德才,张蕾,刘强,等.旱地土壤施用生物炭减少土壤氮损失及提高氮素利用率[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):54-61.
[22]胡梓超,周蓓蓓,陈晓鹏,等.纳米碳对关中地区土壤水分养分和小麦生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):1-9.
[23]周志红,李心清,邢英,等.生物炭对土壤氮素淋失的抑制作用[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):278-284.
[24]杨放,李心清,刑英,等.生物炭对盐碱土氮淋溶的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):972-977.
[25]潘忠成,袁溪,李敏.降雨强度和坡度对土壤氮素流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):9-13.
[26]梁太波,赵振杰,王宝林,等.纳米碳溶胶对碱性土壤pH和养分含量的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(5):958-962.
[27]邓霞.湿地植物生物炭的制备及其对土壤氮素生物有效性的影响[D].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[28]丁倩,周蓓蓓,吕金榜,等.植被覆盖条件下纳米碳对黄土坡面养分流失调控的试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):35-40.
[2]张福锁,崔振岭,王激清,等.中国土壤和植物养分管理现状与改进策略[J].植物学报,2007,24(6):687-694.
[3]刘秀伟,袁琳,罗迎娣,等.纳米肥料制备研究进展[J].河南化工,2017,34(10):7-11.
[4]胡梓超,周蓓蓓,王全九.模拟降雨条件下纳米碳对黄土坡面养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):1-6,12.
[5]梁太波,蔡宪杰,过伟民,等.纳米碳用量对烤烟生长发育和钾素吸收积累的影响[J].烟草科技,2011,49(11):1-7.
[6]王小燕,王燚,田小海,等.纳米碳增效尿素对水稻田面水氮素流失及氮肥利用率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):106-111.
[7]田艳飞,黄占斌,刘丹,等.纳米碳及其复合材料对油菜生长和土壤氮素保持效应的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(9):3339-3345.
[8]高荣广,赵鑫,高晓兰,等.纳米碳对桃园土壤肥力及植株养分吸收的影响[J].落叶果树,2018,50(3):11-14.
[9] Liu S,Wei H,Li Z,et al.Effects of graphene on germination and seedling morphology in rice[J].Journal of Nanoscience&Nanotechnology,2015,15(4):2695-2701.
[10] Zhang M,Gao B,Chen J,et al.Effect of graphene on seed germination and seedling growth[J].Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2015,17(2):e78.
[11] Anjum N A,Singh N,Singh M K,et al.Single-bilayer graphene oxide sheet tolerance and glutathione redox system significance assessment in faba bean(Viciafaba L.)[J].Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2013,15(7):e1770.
[12] Anjum N A,Singh N,Singh M K,et al.Single-bilayer graphene oxide sheet impacts and underlying potential mechanism assessment in germinating faba bean(Viciafaba L.)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,472(4):834-841.
[13]乔俊,赵建国,解谦,等.纳米炭材料对作物生长影响的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):162-170.
[14]惠锦卓,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.添加生物炭对灌淤土土壤养分含量和氮素淋失的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(2):156-161.
[15]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[17]张国斌,张晶,刘赵帆,等.肥料组合对青花菜养分含量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(4):69-75.
[18]叶照金,廖敏,黄宇,等.不同施肥管理模式对集雨区苗木地径流氮素流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):30-37.
[19]蔡祖聪,赵维.土地利用方式对湿润亚热带土壤硝化作用的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):795-801.
[20]罗照霞,杨志奇,马忠明,等.不同农作措施对黄绵土坡耕地地表径流养分流失及玉米产量的影响[J].中国水土保持,2015(7):34-36.
[21]高德才,张蕾,刘强,等.旱地土壤施用生物炭减少土壤氮损失及提高氮素利用率[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):54-61.
[22]胡梓超,周蓓蓓,陈晓鹏,等.纳米碳对关中地区土壤水分养分和小麦生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):1-9.
[23]周志红,李心清,邢英,等.生物炭对土壤氮素淋失的抑制作用[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):278-284.
[24]杨放,李心清,刑英,等.生物炭对盐碱土氮淋溶的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):972-977.
[25]潘忠成,袁溪,李敏.降雨强度和坡度对土壤氮素流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):9-13.
[26]梁太波,赵振杰,王宝林,等.纳米碳溶胶对碱性土壤pH和养分含量的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(5):958-962.
[27]邓霞.湿地植物生物炭的制备及其对土壤氮素生物有效性的影响[D].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[28]丁倩,周蓓蓓,吕金榜,等.植被覆盖条件下纳米碳对黄土坡面养分流失调控的试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):35-40.