大渡河上游天然岷江柏木移植试验及种质资源保存
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摘要
为寻找岷江柏木最佳的种质资源保存方式,以马尔康市天然起源岷江柏木为对象,从岷江柏木移植试验入手,结合已有的岷江柏木种质资源保存方法,进行了两方面研究:1)探讨了不同移植时间、不同树龄、不同修枝比例对岷江柏木移植的影响。试验共移植216株个体,1 a后成活8株,成活率3.70%。主根发达、须根偏少,土壤贫瘠且砾石含量多,移植施工的直接伤害、移植地环境难以完全相似等因素,直接影响到岷江柏木移植的成活率。2)比较了原地保护、异地移植、采种育苗、存入种质资源库等岷江柏木种质资源保护方式。提出在原地保存不可行的情况下,应优先采取采种育苗,结合入库保存等方式保护岷江柏木种质资源。
In order to find out the best way to preserve the genetic diversity of Cupressus chengiana, transplantation experiments were carried out together with reports on germplasm resource preservation methods in Maerkang city in two aspects. The first experiment was to study effects of different transplanting time, tree age and pruning ratio on the transplanting. A total of 216 individuals were transplanted and 8 survived, with a survival rate of 3.70%. It was concluded that factors might directly affect the transplantation survival rate, such as developed main roots, less fibrous roots, poor soil and high gravel content, direct injury of transplantation implementation and incomplete similarity of transplantation environment. 2) The second experiment was to compare methods of in-situ conservation, ex-situ transplantation, seed collection and seedling raising, and storage in germplasm resource bank. It should be protected by establishing seed orchards, collecting seeds, raising seedlings, storing in storage, when in-situ conservation was not feasible.
In order to find out the best way to preserve the genetic diversity of Cupressus chengiana, transplantation experiments were carried out together with reports on germplasm resource preservation methods in Maerkang city in two aspects. The first experiment was to study effects of different transplanting time, tree age and pruning ratio on the transplanting. A total of 216 individuals were transplanted and 8 survived, with a survival rate of 3.70%. It was concluded that factors might directly affect the transplantation survival rate, such as developed main roots, less fibrous roots, poor soil and high gravel content, direct injury of transplantation implementation and incomplete similarity of transplantation environment. 2) The second experiment was to compare methods of in-situ conservation, ex-situ transplantation, seed collection and seedling raising, and storage in germplasm resource bank. It should be protected by establishing seed orchards, collecting seeds, raising seedlings, storing in storage, when in-situ conservation was not feasible.
引文
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[2] 白昆声,吴中北,梅炯杰,等.岷江柏木调查研究[J].中南林业调查规划,1990,(2):43～49.
[3] 庞学勇,包维楷.岷江柏各地理居群生长状况及气候因子分析[J].生态环境,2005,14(4):466～472.
[4] 王博,刘凯,朱子政,等.大渡河上游天然岷江柏木林生长分布研究[J].四川林业科技,2018,39(4):106～111.
[5] 包维楷,庞学勇,李芳兰,等.干旱河谷生态恢复与持续管理的科学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[6] 刘鑫,包维楷.我国岷江柏林分类及群落特征[J].广西植物,2011,31(5):608～613.
[7] 白昆声,梅炯杰,昊中北,等.岷江柏木造林技术研究[J].四川林业科技,1990,(4):69～75.
[8] 袁志忠,包维楷,何丙辉.川西地区岷江柏种群生命表与生存分析[J].云南植物研究,2004,26(4):373～381.
[9] 四川省林业厅.四川省森林资源规划设计调查技术细则[R].2013.
[10] 罗红霞.延安市黄陵古柏迁地保护移植关键技术的研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2015.
[11] 黄慧瑾.大树保护性移植技术初探[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[12] 梁玉君,邹志荣.非适宜季节树木移植的关键技术探讨[J].北方园艺,2009,(10):225～227..
[13] 邹志荣.非适宜季节树木移植的技术研究与探讨[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[14] 四川省质量技术监督局.DB51/T 2132-2016 大树移植技术规程[S].成都:四川省标准化研究院,2000.
[15] 梁玉君.非适宜季节树木移植的技术研究与探讨[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[16] 庞学勇,包维楷.岷江柏林下土壤养分特征及种群间差异分析[J].山地学报,2005,3(5):596～605.
[17] 戴薛,张家来.林木种质资源保存技术探讨[J].湖北林业科技,2018,47(3):20～24.
[18] 阿坝藏族自治州林业局.阿坝州自然保护区简介[EB/OL].2014-07-21/2019-01-05.http://www.ably.gov.cn/scly/chaxunfewu/12351379.jhtml.
[19] 龙恩胜,方嗣昭,范希勇.光照水电站水库淹没区古树及珍稀植物抢救移栽[J].贵州水力发电,2011,25(1):60～62.
[20] 李志龙.百色水利枢纽工程淹没区珍稀保护植物调查及迁地保护效果评价[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[21] 何华杰.我国最大种质库抢救性保存国家重点保护植物—岷江柏木[EB/OL].2017-03-16/2019-01-05.http://www.kib.ac.cn/xwzx/zhxw/201703/t20170316_4759523.html.
[22] 杨忠明,陈俊华,崔勇.岷江柏木营养袋育苗技术[J].四川林业科技,2011,32(2):126～127.