一组市售水产养殖用硝化细菌产品的解析与效果观察
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摘要
利用硝化细菌降解养殖水体中的氨氮是一种绿色高效的养殖环境维护手段。但市场上硝化细菌产品良莠不齐,其使用方法、和使用效果的不稳定让养殖户无所适从,因此有必要对市售商品进行解析与评估。本研究解析了三种市售硝化细菌商品的菌群组成及其比例,比较推荐用量、超推荐用量以及充氧、静置等条件对氨氮降解效果的影响。实验表明:三种商品中活菌数量依次为1.13×10~5 cfu/m L、3.25×10~6 cfu/m L、1.52×10~5 cfu/m L,分别为标称值的1/10000、1/150和1/2000。1#细菌只含有亚硝化细菌,而2#和3#商品既含有亚硝化细菌又含有硝化细菌。三种商品之间的活菌数相差悬殊,但投加6天后的氨氮降解率尚可,分别达到97.06±3.16%、84.17±1.11%和84.17±1.06%。研究结果表明市售硝化细菌商品对氨氮有一定的降解效果,但均存在严重的虚标活菌密度的现象,充足的溶氧可提升其氨氮降解率。本研究对用户选择硝化细菌产品有一定指导作用。
Using nitrifying bacteria to degrade ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water is a green and efficient means of maintaining aquaculture environment. But it is difficult for farmers to exactly evaluate the quality of nitrifying bacteria products. In this study, we analyzed the composition and proportion of three kinds of commercially available nitrifying bacteria products, compared the recommended dosage, super recommended dosage, and the effects of oxygenation on the degradation of ammonia nitrogen. The experiments showed that the viable count of the three kinds of commercial products were 1.13×10~5 cfu/mL, 3.25×10~6 cfu/mL and 1.52×10~5 cfu/m L respectively, which were respectively 1/1000, 1/150 and 1/2000 of the nominal value. 1# bacteria contain only nitrosated bacteria, while 2# and 3# contain both nitrosated bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The number of viable cells between the three kinds of products is quite different, but the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate after 6 days of adding is still acceptable, reaching 97.06±3.16 %, 84.17±1.11 % and 84.17±1.06 % respectively. The results of the study indicate that the densities of viable bacteria of commercially available nitrifying bacteria products are nominal high, but the effect of ammonia nitrogen degradation on the commodity is acceptable. Adequate dissolved oxygen can enhance the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate.
Using nitrifying bacteria to degrade ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water is a green and efficient means of maintaining aquaculture environment. But it is difficult for farmers to exactly evaluate the quality of nitrifying bacteria products. In this study, we analyzed the composition and proportion of three kinds of commercially available nitrifying bacteria products, compared the recommended dosage, super recommended dosage, and the effects of oxygenation on the degradation of ammonia nitrogen. The experiments showed that the viable count of the three kinds of commercial products were 1.13×10~5 cfu/mL, 3.25×10~6 cfu/mL and 1.52×10~5 cfu/m L respectively, which were respectively 1/1000, 1/150 and 1/2000 of the nominal value. 1# bacteria contain only nitrosated bacteria, while 2# and 3# contain both nitrosated bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The number of viable cells between the three kinds of products is quite different, but the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate after 6 days of adding is still acceptable, reaching 97.06±3.16 %, 84.17±1.11 % and 84.17±1.06 % respectively. The results of the study indicate that the densities of viable bacteria of commercially available nitrifying bacteria products are nominal high, but the effect of ammonia nitrogen degradation on the commodity is acceptable. Adequate dissolved oxygen can enhance the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate.
引文
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[2]梁沪莲,郭小雅,刘洋,等.基于高通量测序的4种硝化细菌富集培养物微生物群落结构分析[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(9):2112-2119.
[3]朱晓东,张根玉,朱雅珠,等.硝化细菌的生物学特性以及在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科技情报,2009,36(5):221-224.
[4]施大林,何义进,孙梅,等.四联活菌制剂对养殖水体中氨氮及亚硝酸盐的降解[J].水产科学,2009,28(11):663-666.
[5]王会聪,曹海鹏,何珊,等.一株亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定与系统发育分析[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(4):32-36.
[6]熊瑶,刘怡霞,刘燕,等.锦鲤和锦鲫类养殖水体中硝化细菌的富集和分离培养[J].水产科技情报,2018,45(1):25-29.
[7]王艺红.微生态制剂在凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖中的应用[J].水产养殖,2010,31(11):25-26.
[8]谭洪新,庞云,王潮辉,等.驯化硝化型生物絮体养殖南美白对虾的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(4):490-500.
[9]卢玉棋.水杨酸盐-次氯酸盐分光光度法测定水中氨氮[J].环境与健康杂志,1999,16(5):296-298.
[10]张峰峰,谢凤行,周可,等.利用复合微生物降解养殖水体中亚硝酸盐的初步研究[J].水产科学,2012,31(10):593-596.
[11]张靖雨.影响硝化细菌养殖水污染处理的因素分析研究[J].中国水运,2017,17(8):178-179.
[12]王际英,李宝山,李华东,等.硝化细菌浓度及滤料对养殖水中氨氮处理效果的影响[J].渔业现代化,2012,39(3):7-12.
[13]孟睿,何连生,席北斗,等.芽孢杆菌与硝化细菌净化水产养殖废水的试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(11):28-31.
[14]白小丽,梁旭方,梁运,等.硝化细菌对鳜及饵料鱼池塘水质的影响[J].广东农业科学2013,40(2):107-109.
[15]尹文林,沈锦玉,潘晓艺,等.复合硝化菌制剂对水质改良的应用效果[J].水产养殖,2010,31(9):12-17.