基于弯曲模态的板形直线超声电机结构设计
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摘要
板形直线超声电机因具有扁平化结构等特点,特别适用于电机安置空间狭窄的直线驱动场合。针对狭窄空间作动需求,提出一种单模态、大推力直线超声电机。电机由导轨和板形定子组成,定子由平面内两个垂直放置的矩形板联接构成L形结构,驱动足位于联接部顶端。电机利用两矩形板弯曲振动所形成的对称和反对称模态驱动导轨运动,并通过切换对称和反对称模态实现导轨正反向运动。通过定子模态分析,研究结构参数对振型的影响,以确定夹持和压电陶瓷片的安置位置;针对对称模态下驱动足处振幅过小问题,分析前端盖开槽对驱动足处振幅的影响规律,并通过开圆弧形槽增加驱动足处振幅。制作样机,并开展实验研究。实验表明:该电机结构简单紧凑、运行稳定且推力大,最大空载速度为329 mm/s,最大推力为70 N,推重比达38. 2。
Due to its flat structure,a plate-shaped linear ultrasonic motor( LUSM) is specially suitable for linear driving occasions with narrow motor installation space. Aiming at the demand of operation in narrow space,a novel singlemode-drive-type LUSM with high thrust was proposed here. The motor was composed of a guide rail and a plate-shaped stator. The stator was a L-shape planar structure composed of two connected rectangular plates perpendicular to each other with a driving foot located at the top of the connecting part. Symmetric and antisymmetric bending vibration modes of the two rectangular plates were adopted by the motor to drive the guide rail. By switching symmetric and anti-symmetric modes,the forward and backward motion of the guide rail was realized. Firstly,through the stator's modal analysis,influences of structural parameters on modal shapes were studied to determine the clamping location and installation positions of piezoelectric ceramic chips. Secondly,in order to solve the problem of too small amplitude of the driving foot under symmetric modes,the influence law of the front cover slotting on the driving foot amplitude was analyzed,and opening an arc groove made the amplitude of the driving foot increase. Finally,the motor's prototypes were fabricated and tested. The test results showed that the motor has simple and compact structure,stable operation and large thrust with the maximum unloaded velocity of 329 mm/s,the maximum thrust force of 70 N,and the thrust-weight ratio of 38. 2.
Due to its flat structure,a plate-shaped linear ultrasonic motor( LUSM) is specially suitable for linear driving occasions with narrow motor installation space. Aiming at the demand of operation in narrow space,a novel singlemode-drive-type LUSM with high thrust was proposed here. The motor was composed of a guide rail and a plate-shaped stator. The stator was a L-shape planar structure composed of two connected rectangular plates perpendicular to each other with a driving foot located at the top of the connecting part. Symmetric and antisymmetric bending vibration modes of the two rectangular plates were adopted by the motor to drive the guide rail. By switching symmetric and anti-symmetric modes,the forward and backward motion of the guide rail was realized. Firstly,through the stator's modal analysis,influences of structural parameters on modal shapes were studied to determine the clamping location and installation positions of piezoelectric ceramic chips. Secondly,in order to solve the problem of too small amplitude of the driving foot under symmetric modes,the influence law of the front cover slotting on the driving foot amplitude was analyzed,and opening an arc groove made the amplitude of the driving foot increase. Finally,the motor's prototypes were fabricated and tested. The test results showed that the motor has simple and compact structure,stable operation and large thrust with the maximum unloaded velocity of 329 mm/s,the maximum thrust force of 70 N,and the thrust-weight ratio of 38. 2.
引文
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[12]张阳阳,姚志远,张亚飞.利用弯曲模态的惯性直线超声电机结构设计[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(13):41-44.ZHANG Yangyang,YAO Zhiyuan,ZHANG Yafei.Structural design of inertial linear ultrasonic motor using bending modal[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(13):41-44.
[13]郭吉丰,伍建国.航天用大力矩高精度超声波电机研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(1):70-76.GUO Jifeng,WU Jianguo.Research on the high torque and high precision ultrasonic motor for aerospace application[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(1):70-76.
[14]姚志远,李晓牛,李响,等.直线超声电机设计、建模和应用的研究进展[J].振动、测试与诊断,2016,36(4):615-623.YAO Zhiyuan,LI Xiaoniu,LI Xiang,et al.Advances in design,modeling and applications of linear ultrasonic motors[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2016,36(4):615-623.
[15]戈嗣诚,陈斐.智能气囊的冲击主动控制原理实验研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(6):600-603.Ge Sicheng,CHEN Fei.Experimental study on theory of impact active control of intelligent air bag[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(6):600-603.
[16]唐玉娟,王新杰,王炅.引信安全系统的直线超声电机设计与试验研究[J].兵工学报,2014,35(1):27-34.TANG Yujuan,WANG Xinjie,WANG Jiong.Design and experiment of a linear ultrasonic motor for fuze safety system[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(1):27-34.
[17]时运来.新型直线超声电机的研究及其在运动平台中的应用[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2011.
[18]TOMIKAWA Y,OGASAWARA T,TAKANO A.Ultrasonic motors-constructions/characteristics/applications[J].Ferroelectrics,1989,91(1):163-178.
[19]TSAI M S,LEE C H,HWANG S H.Dynamic modeling and analysis of a bimodal ultrasonic motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,2003,50(3):245-56.
[20]李朝东,何晓菁.卧式板型直线超声电机的微型化[J].光学精密工程,2010,18(4):887-892.LI Chaodong,HE Xiaojing.Miniaturization of board-type horizontal linear ultrasonic motor[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2010,18(4):887-892.
[21]刘剑,赵淳生.基于矩形薄板面内振动的直线型超声电机的研究[J].声学学报,2003(1):86-90.LIU Jian,ZHAO Chunsheng.Study on the linear ultrasonic motor based on the vibration in plane of the rectangular plate[J].Acta Acustica,2003(1):86-90.
[22]HE S,CHEN W,TAO X,et al.Standing wave bi-directional linearly moving ultrasonic motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,1998,45(5):1133-1139.
[23]LIU Z,YAO Z,LI X,et al.Design and experiments of a linear piezoelectric motor driven by a single mode[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2016,87(11):273-768.
[24]LI C,YANG M,PANG Y,et al.Exciting electrode optimization of a piezoceramic plate type ultrasonic motor by combining artificial immune algorithm and finite element analysis[J].Engineering Computations,2013,30(5):751-768.
[2]赵淳生.超声电机技术与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[3]HEMSEL T,WALLASCHEK J.Survey of the present state of the art of piezoelectric linear motors[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38:37-40.
[4]SHI Y,ZHAO C.A new standing-wave-type linear ultrasonic motor based on in-plane modes[J].Ultrasonics,2011,51(4):397-404.
[5]许海,李洁,赵淳生.双足型直线超声电机的设计及实验[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(3):243-245.XU Hai,LI Jie,ZHAO Chunsheng.Design and experiment of double foot linear ultrasonic motor[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2005,16(3):243-245.
[6]李玉宝,时运来,赵淳生,等.高速大推力直线型超声电机的设计与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(33):49-53.LI Yubao,SHI Yunlai,ZHAO Chunsheng,et al.Research on linear ultrasonic motor with high speed and large thrust force[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(33):49-53.
[7]胡金云,鹿存跃,陈宇,等.双振子型直线超声电机[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(8):1236-1239.HU Jinyun,LU Cunyue,CHEN Yu,et al.Double-vibrator linear piezoelectric ultrasonic motor[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2008,48(8):1236-1239.
[8]石胜君,陈维山,刘军考,等.大推力推挽纵振弯纵复合直线超声电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(9):55-61.SHI Shengjun,CHEN Weishan,LIU Junkao,et al.A high power ultrasonic linear motor using push-pull longitudinal and bending multimode transducer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(9):55-61.
[9]YOKOYAMA K,TAMURA H,MASUDA K,et al.Singlephase drive ultrasonic linear motor using a linked twin square plate vibrator[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2013,52(7):3H-7H.
[10]ZHOU S,YAO Z.Design and optimization of a modalindependent linear ultrasonic motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,2014,61(3):535-546.
[11]郭辉,李迅波,李华峰.面内模态方形压电超声电机的工作机理与实验[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(12):68-70.GUO Hui,LI Xunbo,LI Huafeng.Prototype experiment and working mechanism analysis of square ultrasonic motor based on in-plane vibration mode[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(12):68-70.
[12]张阳阳,姚志远,张亚飞.利用弯曲模态的惯性直线超声电机结构设计[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(13):41-44.ZHANG Yangyang,YAO Zhiyuan,ZHANG Yafei.Structural design of inertial linear ultrasonic motor using bending modal[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(13):41-44.
[13]郭吉丰,伍建国.航天用大力矩高精度超声波电机研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(1):70-76.GUO Jifeng,WU Jianguo.Research on the high torque and high precision ultrasonic motor for aerospace application[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(1):70-76.
[14]姚志远,李晓牛,李响,等.直线超声电机设计、建模和应用的研究进展[J].振动、测试与诊断,2016,36(4):615-623.YAO Zhiyuan,LI Xiaoniu,LI Xiang,et al.Advances in design,modeling and applications of linear ultrasonic motors[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2016,36(4):615-623.
[15]戈嗣诚,陈斐.智能气囊的冲击主动控制原理实验研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(6):600-603.Ge Sicheng,CHEN Fei.Experimental study on theory of impact active control of intelligent air bag[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(6):600-603.
[16]唐玉娟,王新杰,王炅.引信安全系统的直线超声电机设计与试验研究[J].兵工学报,2014,35(1):27-34.TANG Yujuan,WANG Xinjie,WANG Jiong.Design and experiment of a linear ultrasonic motor for fuze safety system[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(1):27-34.
[17]时运来.新型直线超声电机的研究及其在运动平台中的应用[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2011.
[18]TOMIKAWA Y,OGASAWARA T,TAKANO A.Ultrasonic motors-constructions/characteristics/applications[J].Ferroelectrics,1989,91(1):163-178.
[19]TSAI M S,LEE C H,HWANG S H.Dynamic modeling and analysis of a bimodal ultrasonic motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,2003,50(3):245-56.
[20]李朝东,何晓菁.卧式板型直线超声电机的微型化[J].光学精密工程,2010,18(4):887-892.LI Chaodong,HE Xiaojing.Miniaturization of board-type horizontal linear ultrasonic motor[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2010,18(4):887-892.
[21]刘剑,赵淳生.基于矩形薄板面内振动的直线型超声电机的研究[J].声学学报,2003(1):86-90.LIU Jian,ZHAO Chunsheng.Study on the linear ultrasonic motor based on the vibration in plane of the rectangular plate[J].Acta Acustica,2003(1):86-90.
[22]HE S,CHEN W,TAO X,et al.Standing wave bi-directional linearly moving ultrasonic motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,1998,45(5):1133-1139.
[23]LIU Z,YAO Z,LI X,et al.Design and experiments of a linear piezoelectric motor driven by a single mode[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2016,87(11):273-768.
[24]LI C,YANG M,PANG Y,et al.Exciting electrode optimization of a piezoceramic plate type ultrasonic motor by combining artificial immune algorithm and finite element analysis[J].Engineering Computations,2013,30(5):751-768.