DMDF模式下冷却水温度对发动机燃烧与排放特性的试验研究
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摘要
在一台增压中冷的电控单体泵柴油机上采用柴油/甲醇二元燃料燃烧(Diesel/Methanol Duel Fuel, DMDF)模式,在重型柴油机常用的A50工况下,通过改变冷却水温度,对各替代率工况下的燃烧特性、排放特性及经济性进行了初步实验探索.实验结果表明,在各替代率工况下,提高冷却水温度,可导致滞燃期缩短,燃烧始点前移,预混燃烧与扩散燃烧占比出现转变,总放热量变化不大.上止点附近缸压有所降低,最高燃烧压力出现小幅度增大.燃烧持续期在替代率为40%左右时变化趋势不同,CA50在替代率为30%、冷却水温度为90℃时最接近上止点.双燃料模式下,随冷却水温度升高,NO_x与CO排放变化并不明显,甲醛与甲醇排放不断降低,且降低幅度不断增大,当量比油耗有所降低.
By modifying a turbocharged intercooled electronic unit pump diesel engine, a low-pressure methanol injection device was installed in the diesel intake manifold to inject methanol to make it running in Diesel/Methanol dual fuel(DMDF) mode. The experiment was conducted at A50 working condition among Euro Steady State Test Cycle(ESC) 13 modes, and the cooling water outlet temperature values of the engine were set as 60, 70, 80 and 90 ℃ in turn, respectively, conducted under pure diesel mode and different methanol substitution percent(MSP) conditions. The experimental results showed that in the DMDF engine, increased the temperature of the cooling water under each MSP test, the combustion start point was lightly advanced, the proportion of premixed combustion decreased while the proportion of diffusion combustion increased. At the same time, the highest combustion pressure favored the higher cooling water temperature. In addition, increased the cooling water temperature would shorten the ignition delay period. The trend of combustion duration was varied around 40% MSP. Meanwhile, under the DMDF mode the CA50 was close to the top dead center(TDC) in general, and was more closer to TDC when the MSP is 30%, the cooling water temperature is 90 ℃, makeing the combustion heat release more concentrated. For exhaust emissions, there was only a slight increase of NO_x and CO_2 but HCHO and CH_3OH emissions were significantly reduced in DMDF mode. In such mode, to increase cooling water temperature at the same MSP, the equivalent ratio fuel consumption was decreased, which helped to improve fuel economy.
By modifying a turbocharged intercooled electronic unit pump diesel engine, a low-pressure methanol injection device was installed in the diesel intake manifold to inject methanol to make it running in Diesel/Methanol dual fuel(DMDF) mode. The experiment was conducted at A50 working condition among Euro Steady State Test Cycle(ESC) 13 modes, and the cooling water outlet temperature values of the engine were set as 60, 70, 80 and 90 ℃ in turn, respectively, conducted under pure diesel mode and different methanol substitution percent(MSP) conditions. The experimental results showed that in the DMDF engine, increased the temperature of the cooling water under each MSP test, the combustion start point was lightly advanced, the proportion of premixed combustion decreased while the proportion of diffusion combustion increased. At the same time, the highest combustion pressure favored the higher cooling water temperature. In addition, increased the cooling water temperature would shorten the ignition delay period. The trend of combustion duration was varied around 40% MSP. Meanwhile, under the DMDF mode the CA50 was close to the top dead center(TDC) in general, and was more closer to TDC when the MSP is 30%, the cooling water temperature is 90 ℃, makeing the combustion heat release more concentrated. For exhaust emissions, there was only a slight increase of NO_x and CO_2 but HCHO and CH_3OH emissions were significantly reduced in DMDF mode. In such mode, to increase cooling water temperature at the same MSP, the equivalent ratio fuel consumption was decreased, which helped to improve fuel economy.
引文
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楼狄明,林浩强,谭丕强,等.2015.DOC+POC对重型柴机性能及常规气态物排放特性的影响研究[J].环境工程,(S1):330-334
庞宏磊,王炳辉,陈锴.2012.冷却水温度变化对柴油机油耗率与排放的影响[J].内燃机车,(4):1-4
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Pan W,Yao C D,Han G D,et al.2015.The impact of intake air temperature on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel methanol dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,162:101-110
余海涛.2014.柴油甲醇组合燃烧方式在机车柴油机上的燃烧特性研究[D].天津:天津大学.55
Soni D K,Gupta R.2017.Application of nano emulsion method in a methanol powered diesel engine[J].Energy,126:638-648
Wang Q,Wei L,Pan W,et al.2015.Investigation of operating range in a methanol fumigated diesel engine[J].Fuel,140:164-170
王忠,李仁春,张登攀,等.2013.甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧过程分析[J].农业工程学报,29(8):78-83
Wei H Y,Yao C D,Pan W,et al.2017a.To meet demand of Euro V emission legislation urea free for HD diesel engine with DMCC[J].Fuel,207:33-46
Wei H Y,Yao C D,Pan W,et al.2017b.Experimental investigations of the effects of pilot injection on combustion and gaseous emission characteristics of diesel/methanol dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,188:427-441
魏立江,姚春德,刘军恒,等.2013.柴油/甲醇二元燃料重载柴油机的进排气分析与燃料效率[J].工程热物理学报,34(3):563-567
Wei L J,Yao C D,Han G P,et al.2016.Effects of methanol to diesel ratio and diesel injection timing on combustion performance and emissions of a methanol port premixed diesel engine[J].Energy,95:223-232
夏琦.2011.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧的道路试验及燃烧特性研究[D].天津:天津大学.123
熊祖明.2015.基于冷却水温度的柴油机热平衡试验的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学.65
许汉君,姚春德,徐广兰.2011.正庚烷-甲醇二元燃料着火的23步反应模型[J].内燃机学报,29(5):391-397
许翔,刘刚,周广猛,等.2017.大气压力和冷却液温度对柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].车用发动机,(4):6-10
姚春德,陈志方,银增辉,等.2015.燃油温度和环境温度对甲醇低压喷雾的影响[J].内燃机学报,33(4):310-315
姚春德.2015.柴油/甲醇二元燃料燃烧理论与实践[M].天津:天津大学出版社.271-273
Yin Z H,Yao C D,Geng P L,et al.2016Visualization of combustion characteristic of diesel in premixed methanol-air mixture atmosphere of different ambient temperature in a constant volume chamber[J].Fuel,174:242-250
张德满,李舜酩,李凯,等.2010.冷却水温度对柴油机污染物排放的影响[J].内燃机学报,28(6):510-513
赵洋,王忠,李瑞娜,等.2015.柴油机燃用甲醇/柴油燃烧与排放特性试验研究[J].农机化研究,(2):236-244
周兴利,陆家祥,谭丕强,等.2003.喷油提前角、进气动压、冷却水温对柴油机排放的影响[J].山东大学学报,33(5):623-627
邹洪波,王利军,刘圣华,等.2007.柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机滞燃期的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,(7):784-787
邹轲,项旭昇,李海言,等.2015.柴油掺烧甲醇预混合燃烧和排放特性[J].汽车安全与节能学报,6(3):272-279
Avinash K A,Pravesh C S,Jai G G,et al.2015.Unregulated emissions from a gasohol(E5,E15,M5and M15)fueled spark ignition engine[J].Applied Energy,154:732-741
高思远,赵长禄,李云龙,等.2012.冷却液温度对柴油机热功转换效率的影响[J].农业机械学报,43(3):28-32
胡君,蒋习军,朱红国,等.2009.冷却液温度对柴油机性能影响研究[J].汽车技术,(1):45-48
Han G P,Yao A R,Yao C D,et al.2016.Theoretical and experimental investigations on energy balance on DMDF engine[J].Fuel,164:393-402
Hao H,Liu Z W,Zhao F Q,et al.2017.Coal-derived alternative fuels for vehicle use in China:A review[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,141:774-790
Jang J Y,Chi G X.2017. The effects of cylinder head gasket opening on engine temperature distribution for a water-cooled engine[C].3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Research and Applications (AMRA). Guangzhou:1-5
Jia Z Q,Ingemar Denbratt.2018.Experimental investigation into the combustion characteristics of a methanol-Diesel heavy duty engine operated in RCCI mode[J].Renewable Energy,226:745-753
李瑞娜,王忠,李铭迪,等.2014.十六烷值对甲醇/生物柴油燃烧过程的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,20(6):540-545
楼狄明,林浩强,谭丕强,等.2015.DOC+POC对重型柴机性能及常规气态物排放特性的影响研究[J].环境工程,(S1):330-334
庞宏磊,王炳辉,陈锴.2012.冷却水温度变化对柴油机油耗率与排放的影响[J].内燃机车,(4):1-4
彭乐高.2015.缸内直喷点燃式甲醇发动机非常规排放仿真研究[D].长春:吉林大学.90
Pan W,Yao C D,Han G D,et al.2015.The impact of intake air temperature on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel methanol dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,162:101-110
余海涛.2014.柴油甲醇组合燃烧方式在机车柴油机上的燃烧特性研究[D].天津:天津大学.55
Soni D K,Gupta R.2017.Application of nano emulsion method in a methanol powered diesel engine[J].Energy,126:638-648
Wang Q,Wei L,Pan W,et al.2015.Investigation of operating range in a methanol fumigated diesel engine[J].Fuel,140:164-170
王忠,李仁春,张登攀,等.2013.甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧过程分析[J].农业工程学报,29(8):78-83
Wei H Y,Yao C D,Pan W,et al.2017a.To meet demand of Euro V emission legislation urea free for HD diesel engine with DMCC[J].Fuel,207:33-46
Wei H Y,Yao C D,Pan W,et al.2017b.Experimental investigations of the effects of pilot injection on combustion and gaseous emission characteristics of diesel/methanol dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,188:427-441
魏立江,姚春德,刘军恒,等.2013.柴油/甲醇二元燃料重载柴油机的进排气分析与燃料效率[J].工程热物理学报,34(3):563-567
Wei L J,Yao C D,Han G P,et al.2016.Effects of methanol to diesel ratio and diesel injection timing on combustion performance and emissions of a methanol port premixed diesel engine[J].Energy,95:223-232
夏琦.2011.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧的道路试验及燃烧特性研究[D].天津:天津大学.123
熊祖明.2015.基于冷却水温度的柴油机热平衡试验的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学.65
许汉君,姚春德,徐广兰.2011.正庚烷-甲醇二元燃料着火的23步反应模型[J].内燃机学报,29(5):391-397
许翔,刘刚,周广猛,等.2017.大气压力和冷却液温度对柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].车用发动机,(4):6-10
姚春德,陈志方,银增辉,等.2015.燃油温度和环境温度对甲醇低压喷雾的影响[J].内燃机学报,33(4):310-315
姚春德.2015.柴油/甲醇二元燃料燃烧理论与实践[M].天津:天津大学出版社.271-273
Yin Z H,Yao C D,Geng P L,et al.2016Visualization of combustion characteristic of diesel in premixed methanol-air mixture atmosphere of different ambient temperature in a constant volume chamber[J].Fuel,174:242-250
张德满,李舜酩,李凯,等.2010.冷却水温度对柴油机污染物排放的影响[J].内燃机学报,28(6):510-513
赵洋,王忠,李瑞娜,等.2015.柴油机燃用甲醇/柴油燃烧与排放特性试验研究[J].农机化研究,(2):236-244
周兴利,陆家祥,谭丕强,等.2003.喷油提前角、进气动压、冷却水温对柴油机排放的影响[J].山东大学学报,33(5):623-627
邹洪波,王利军,刘圣华,等.2007.柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机滞燃期的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,(7):784-787
邹轲,项旭昇,李海言,等.2015.柴油掺烧甲醇预混合燃烧和排放特性[J].汽车安全与节能学报,6(3):272-279