城市夜间灯光对香樟生长的影响
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摘要
为了解常绿乔木对城市夜间灯光的生长响应,以华东地区典型常绿行道树种香樟为对象,研究南京市一条典型道路上近灯处(路灯正下方)和远灯处(两相邻路灯中间位置)生长区位的夜间光照强度差异性对香樟生长性状的影响.结果表明:近灯处香樟的平均胸径为16.8 cm,当年生小枝总生产力为309.4 g·m~(-2),当年生叶片生产力为241.5 g·m~(-2),叶片相对叶绿素含量为34.6 SPAD.远灯处香樟的平均胸径为15.5 cm,当年生小枝总生产力为273.4 g·m~(-2),当年生叶片生产力为212.8 g·m~(-2),叶片相对叶绿素含量为33.1 SPAD.近灯处香樟的平均胸径、当年生小枝总生产力、当年生叶片生产力及叶片相对叶绿素含量均显著高于远灯处.两处树木间比叶面积没有显著差异.夜间灯光的补充照明促进了近灯处香樟的生长,并改变了树冠生长对阳光的响应特征.
To understand the effects of urban artificial nighttime light on the growth of evergreen trees, we conducted a field investigation in a typical urban street planted with Cinnamomum camphora(a common evergreen street tree species in eastern China) in the Nanjing City, China. Along the street, trees from two types of growing locations with contrasting distances from the street lamp(just under the lamp vs. between two adjacent lamps) were selected. The growth-related plant functional traits were measured and compared. The results showed that trees grown under the lamp had a mean diameter at beast height(DBH) of 16.8 cm, current-year branch productivity(CBP) of 309.4 g·m~(-2), current-year leaf productivity(CLP) of 241.5 g·m~(-2), and leaf relative chlorophyll content(LCC) of 34.6 SPAD. Trees grown between lamps had a mean DBH of 15.5 cm, CBP of 273.4 g·m~(-2), CLP of 212.8 g·m~(-2), and LCC of 33.1 SPAD. DBH, CBP, CLP and LCC of the trees under the lamp were significantly higher than those between lamps. There was no significant difference in specific leaf area between trees from the two locations. Our results suggested that urban artificial nighttime light could promote the growth of C. camphora, and alter sunlight-determined characteristics of canopy growth vigor.
To understand the effects of urban artificial nighttime light on the growth of evergreen trees, we conducted a field investigation in a typical urban street planted with Cinnamomum camphora(a common evergreen street tree species in eastern China) in the Nanjing City, China. Along the street, trees from two types of growing locations with contrasting distances from the street lamp(just under the lamp vs. between two adjacent lamps) were selected. The growth-related plant functional traits were measured and compared. The results showed that trees grown under the lamp had a mean diameter at beast height(DBH) of 16.8 cm, current-year branch productivity(CBP) of 309.4 g·m~(-2), current-year leaf productivity(CLP) of 241.5 g·m~(-2), and leaf relative chlorophyll content(LCC) of 34.6 SPAD. Trees grown between lamps had a mean DBH of 15.5 cm, CBP of 273.4 g·m~(-2), CLP of 212.8 g·m~(-2), and LCC of 33.1 SPAD. DBH, CBP, CLP and LCC of the trees under the lamp were significantly higher than those between lamps. There was no significant difference in specific leaf area between trees from the two locations. Our results suggested that urban artificial nighttime light could promote the growth of C. camphora, and alter sunlight-determined characteristics of canopy growth vigor.
引文
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[25] Choong TW,He J,Qin L,et al.Quality of supplementary LED lighting effects on growth and photosynthesis of two different Lactuca recombinant inbred lines (RILs) grown in a tropical greenhouse.Photosynthetica,2018,56:1278-1286
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[27] Liu C-J (刘翠菊),Guo X (郭霄),Wang K-L (王奎玲),et al.Ecophysiological responses of Camellia japonica (Naidong) to different light and water conditions.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(4):1125-1132 (in Chinese)
[28] Rossatto DR,Takahashi FSC,Silva LDCR,et al.Leaf functional traits in sun and shade leaves of gallery forest trees in Distrito Federal,Brazil.Acta Botanica Brasi-lica,2010,24:640-647
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[30] White JD,Scott NA.Specific leaf area and nitrogen distribution in New Zealand forests:Species independently respond to intercepted light.Forest Ecology and Management,2006,226:319-329
[31] Lin K,Huang Z,Xu Y.Influence of light quality and intensity on biomass and biochemical contents of hydroponically grown lettuce.HortScience,2018,53:1157-1163
[32] Boardman NK.Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants.Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1977,28:355-377
[33] Lichtenthaler HK,Buschmann C,D?ll M,et al.Photosynthetic activity,chloroplast ultrastructure,and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves.Photosynthesis Research,1981,2:115-141
[2] Gaston KJ,Visser ME,Franz H?lker.The biological impacts of artificial light at night:The research challenge.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,2015,370:20140133
[3] H?lker F,Wolter C,Perkin EK,et al.Light pollution as a biodiversity threat.Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2010,25:681-682
[4] Gaston KJ,Gaston S,Bennie J,et al.Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment.Environmental Reviews,2014,23:14-23
[5] Dominoni DM,Carmona-Wagner EO,Hofmann M,et al.Individual-based measurements of light intensity provide new insights into the effects of artificial light at night on daily rhythms of urban-dwelling songbirds.Journal of Animal Ecology,2014,83:681-692
[6] Dominoni D,Quetting M,Partecke J.Artificial light at night advances avian reproductive physiology.Procee-dings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences,2013,280:20123017
[7] Fonken LK,Workman JL,Walton JC,et al.Light at night increases body mass by shifting the time of food intake.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107:18664-18669
[8] Yang C (杨持).Ecology.2nd Ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008 (in Chinese)
[9] Bennie J,Davies TW,Cruse D,et al.Ecological effects of artificial light at night on wild plants.Journal of Eco-logy,2016,104:611-620
[10] Landis TD,Pinto JR,Dumroese RK,et al.Light emitting diodes (LED):Applications in forest and native plant nurseries.Forest Nursery Notes,2013,33:5-13
[11] Islam MA,Kuwar G,Clarke JL,et al.Artificial light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a high portion of blue light results in shorter poinsettias compared to high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps.Scientia Horticulturae,2012,147:136-143
[12] Zhang T-L (张天麟).Garden 1600 Tree Species.Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[13] Yamamoto A,Nakamura T,Adu-Gyamfi JJ,et al.Relationship between chlorophyll content in leaves of sorghum and pigeonpea determined by extraction method and by chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502).Journal of Plant Nutrition,2002,25:2295-2301
[14] Bennie J,Davies TW,Inger R,et al.Mapping artificial lightscapes for ecological studies.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2014,5:534-540
[15] Li Y-D (李艳大),Tang L (汤亮),Zhang Y-P (张玉屏),et al.Spatiotemporal distribution of photosynthetically active radiation in rice canopy.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(4):952-958 (in Chinese)
[16] Apostol KG,Dumroese RK,Pinto JR,et al.Response of conifer species from three latitudinal populations to light spectra generated by light-emitting diodes and high-pressure sodium lamps.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2015,45:1711-1719
[17] Bredmose N.Effects of year-round supplementary lighting on shoot development,flowering and quality of two glasshouse rose cultivars.Scientia Horticulturae,1993,54:69-85
[18] Osada N.Crown development in a pioneer tree,Rhus trichocarpa,in relation to the structure and growth of individual branches.New Phytologist,2006,172:667-678
[19] Downs RJ,Borthwick HA.Effects of photoperiod on growth of trees.Botanical Gazette,1956,117:310-326
[20] Bergstrand KJ,Schussler HK.Growth,development and photosynthesis of some horticultural plants as affected by different supplementary lighting technologies.European Journal of Horticultural Science,2013,78:119-125
[21] Chaney WR.Does night lighting harm trees.Forestry and Natural Resources,2002,6:1-4
[22] Hao X,Papadopoulos AP.Effects of supplemental ligh-ting and cover materials on growth,photosynthesis,biomass partitioning,early yield and quality of greenhouse cucumber.Scientia Horticulturae,1999,80:1-18
[23] Lichtenthaler HK,■,Marek MV,et al.Differences in pigment composition,photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2007,45:577-588
[24] Li Y-L (李玉霖),Cui J-Y (崔建垣),Su Y-Z (苏永中).Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of some plants in different dune habitats.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2005,25(2):304-311 (in Chinese)
[25] Choong TW,He J,Qin L,et al.Quality of supplementary LED lighting effects on growth and photosynthesis of two different Lactuca recombinant inbred lines (RILs) grown in a tropical greenhouse.Photosynthetica,2018,56:1278-1286
[26] Dougher TAO,Bugbee B.Differences in the response of wheat,soybean and lettuce to reduced blue radiation.Photochemistry and Photobiology,2001,73:199-207
[27] Liu C-J (刘翠菊),Guo X (郭霄),Wang K-L (王奎玲),et al.Ecophysiological responses of Camellia japonica (Naidong) to different light and water conditions.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(4):1125-1132 (in Chinese)
[28] Rossatto DR,Takahashi FSC,Silva LDCR,et al.Leaf functional traits in sun and shade leaves of gallery forest trees in Distrito Federal,Brazil.Acta Botanica Brasi-lica,2010,24:640-647
[29] Popma J,Bongers F.The effect of canopy gaps on growth and morphology of seedlings of rain forest species.Oecologia,1988,75:625-632
[30] White JD,Scott NA.Specific leaf area and nitrogen distribution in New Zealand forests:Species independently respond to intercepted light.Forest Ecology and Management,2006,226:319-329
[31] Lin K,Huang Z,Xu Y.Influence of light quality and intensity on biomass and biochemical contents of hydroponically grown lettuce.HortScience,2018,53:1157-1163
[32] Boardman NK.Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants.Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1977,28:355-377
[33] Lichtenthaler HK,Buschmann C,D?ll M,et al.Photosynthetic activity,chloroplast ultrastructure,and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves.Photosynthesis Research,1981,2:115-141