摘要
以马铃薯花乙酸乙酯粗提物为分离对象,以朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus等4种叶螨为供试靶标,采用生物活性追踪法,分离得到2种具有杀螨活性的化合物(6a和2′a)。依据质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱,并结合相关文献数据鉴定了其化学结构,分别为江户樱花苷(5,7, 4′-三羟基二氢黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)(6a)和α-卡茄碱(2′a),前者系首次从茄科植物马铃薯中分离得到。采用玻片浸渍法测定了2个化合物对朱砂叶螨等4种叶螨的触杀活性。结果表明,化合物6a(江户樱花苷)对朱砂叶螨、二斑叶螨T. urticae和山楂叶螨T. viennensis 24 h LC_(50)值分别为461.98、338.76和732.08 mg/L,其触杀活性强于对照药剂鱼藤酮,相对毒力分别为鱼藤酮的1.17、1.52和3.07倍;化合物2′a(α-卡茄碱)对二斑叶螨和山楂叶螨24 h LC_(50)分别为480.79和834.98 mg/L,相对毒力分别为鱼藤酮的1.07和2.69倍。可见,江户樱花苷和α-卡茄碱具有一定的杀螨活性和潜在的应用价值。
Two compounds, 6a and 2′a, with acaricidal activities against four species of mites using bioassay-guided methods were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of potato flowers. These two compounds were identified as prunin(5, 7, 4′-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)(6a) andα-chaconine(2′a) by mass spectrometry, ~(13)C and ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and comparison with data from literatures. The former was first isolated from the Solanaceae plant potato.We determined the contact acaricidal activities of prunin and α-chaconine against four species of mites by slide-dip method and the results demonstrated that these compounds were more effective compared to pesticide rotenone, which was the positive control. The 24 h LC_(50) for prunin against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, T. urticae and T. viennensis were 461.98, 338.76 and 732.08 mg/L, respectively, which were 1.17, 1.52 and 3.07 times more active than rotenone, respectively. The 24 h LC_(50)for α-chaconine against T. urticae and T. viennensis were 480.79 and 834.98 mg/L, respectively, the relative toxicity are1.07 and 2.69 times higher compared to rotenone, respectively. Obviously, prunin and α-chaconine have acaricidal activities and potential application value.
引文
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