考虑配电网韧性与充电便利性的电动汽车充电站布点方法
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摘要
电动汽车作为分布式移动储能单元,可以在极端事件发生后调度至充电站,作为应急电源为配电网内关键负荷恢复供电,从而提升配电网韧性。因此在充电站布点规划阶段需要考虑电动汽车在提升配电网韧性方面的作用。重点关注可调度类电动汽车的充电站布点方法,以配电网各个极端场景下关键负荷加权恢复数目最大、电压幅值差最小以及交通网充电距离最小为目标,综合考虑充电站数目约束、配电网运行约束和充电站输出功率等约束,提出了一种兼顾配电网韧性和充电便利性的充电站布点问题的混合整数线性规划模型,可利用成熟优化求解器有效求解。最后通过算例分析验证了提出的充电站布点方法的有效性。
As a distributed mobile energy storage unit, electric vehicles can be dispatched to charging stations as an emergency power supply to restore critical loads in the distribution network after extreme events, thus enhancing resilience of the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to study the reasonable locating scheme of charging stations so as to give full play to their role for resilience enhancement. This paper focuses on the location of charging stations for dispatchable electric vehicles. The charging station placement problem considering both resilience of distribution network and charging convenience is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program model(MILP).The objective is maximizing the restoration of weighted critical loads under various scenarios, minimizing the voltage amplitude difference, and minimizing the charging distance of the traffic network. The constraints include number of charging stations constraints, distribution system operation constraints and charging stations output power constraints. The proposed MILP can be solved with the off-the-shelf optimization solvers.Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed charging station placement method is verified by case studies.
As a distributed mobile energy storage unit, electric vehicles can be dispatched to charging stations as an emergency power supply to restore critical loads in the distribution network after extreme events, thus enhancing resilience of the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to study the reasonable locating scheme of charging stations so as to give full play to their role for resilience enhancement. This paper focuses on the location of charging stations for dispatchable electric vehicles. The charging station placement problem considering both resilience of distribution network and charging convenience is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program model(MILP).The objective is maximizing the restoration of weighted critical loads under various scenarios, minimizing the voltage amplitude difference, and minimizing the charging distance of the traffic network. The constraints include number of charging stations constraints, distribution system operation constraints and charging stations output power constraints. The proposed MILP can be solved with the off-the-shelf optimization solvers.Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed charging station placement method is verified by case studies.
引文
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[16]Wei Wei,Mei Shengwei,Wu Lei,et al.Robust operation of distribution networks coupled with urban transportation infrastructures[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(3):2118-2130.
[2]C.Gouveia,C.L.Moreira,J.A.P.Lopes,et al.Microgrid service restoration:the role of plugged-in electric vehicles[J].IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine,2013,7(04):26-41.
[3]梁伟,靳小龙,穆云飞,等.含微网及电动汽车的主动配电网供电恢复策略[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,26(6):1-9.Liang Wei,Jin Xiaolong,Mu Yunfei,et al.Service restoration method to active distribution network with microgrids and electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2014,26(6):1-9(in Chinese).
[4]Payam Sadeghi Barzani,Abbas Rajabi Ghahnavieh,Hosein Kazemi Karegar.Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing[J].Applied Energy,2014,125:289-299.
[5]杜爱虎,胡泽春,宋永华,等.考虑电动汽车充电站布局优化的配电网规划[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):35-42.Du Aihu,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,et al.Distribution network planning considering layout optimization of electric vehicle charging stations[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):35-42(in Chinese).
[6]Yao Weifeng,Zhao Junhua,Wen Fushuan,et al.A multiobjective collaborative planning strategy for integrated power distribution and electric vehicle charging systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2014,29(04):1811-1821.
[7]Zhang Hongcai,Moura Scott J,Hu Zechun,et al.A secondorder cone programming model for planning PEV fast-charging stations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(3):2763-2777.
[8]Huang Xiaoqing,Chen Jie,Yang Hang,et al.Economic planning approach for electric vehicle charging stations integrating traffic and power grid constraints[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2018,12(17):3925-3934.
[9]张文亮,武斌,李武峰,等.我国纯电动汽车的发展方向及能源供给模式的探讨[J].电网技术,2009,33(04):1-5.Zhang Wenliang,Wu Bin,Li Wufeng,et al.Discussion on development trend of battery electric vehicles in China and its energy supply mode[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(04):1-5(in Chinese).
[10]韩海英.V2G参与电网调峰和调频控制策略研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.
[11]刘晓飞,张千帆,崔淑梅.电动汽车V2G技术综述[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(2):121-127.Liu Xiaofei,Zhang Qianfan,Cui Shumei.Review of electric vehicle V2G technology[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(2):121-127(in Chinese).
[12]王旻.潍坊市区电动汽车充电桩(站)规划研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.
[13]Lingwen Gan,Steven H.Low.Convex relaxations and linear approximation for optimal power flow in multiphase radial networks[C]//Power Systems Computation Conference(PSCC),Wroc?aw,Poland,2014.
[14]Wang Ying,Xu Yin,He Jinghan,et al.Coordinating multiple sources for service restoration to enhance resilience of distribution systems[J].Accepted by Transactions on Smart Grid.DOI 10.1109/TSG.2019.2891515.
[15]Xu Yin,Wang Ying,He Jinghan,et al.Resilience-oriented distribution system restoration considering mobile emergency resource dispatch in transportation system[J].Accepted by IEEE Access.DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921017.
[16]Wei Wei,Mei Shengwei,Wu Lei,et al.Robust operation of distribution networks coupled with urban transportation infrastructures[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(3):2118-2130.