基于短距相干测风激光雷达的机场低空风切变观测
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摘要
介绍了低空风切变及其预警的研究工作、相干多普勒测风激光雷达反演风场算法以及计算下滑道逆风廓线算法.进一步分析了2015年冬季和2016年春季北京首都机场低空风切变观测实验中所观测到的风切变案例,利用多种测量模式开展案例中风切变的监测,并对风切变观测结果进行了验证.实验结果表明,短距相干多普勒测风激光雷达多种测量模式均可能有效探测低空风切变.
In this paper,the disastrous influence to the landing aircraft of low-level w ind shear and present study to the low-level w ind shear field observation have been explained briefly and the method of retrieving headw ind profiles from step w ise PPI scans in detail. The data w ith multi-mode analyzed in this paper are based on short range CDL configured at BCIA( Beijing Capital International Airport)from December 2015 to M arch 2016. The reliability of algorithms have been proved by w ind shear reports from the crew and the airport terminal control office. CDL has been proved to be an effective tool to capture the low-level w ind shear events under clear conditions.
In this paper,the disastrous influence to the landing aircraft of low-level w ind shear and present study to the low-level w ind shear field observation have been explained briefly and the method of retrieving headw ind profiles from step w ise PPI scans in detail. The data w ith multi-mode analyzed in this paper are based on short range CDL configured at BCIA( Beijing Capital International Airport)from December 2015 to M arch 2016. The reliability of algorithms have been proved by w ind shear reports from the crew and the airport terminal control office. CDL has been proved to be an effective tool to capture the low-level w ind shear events under clear conditions.
引文
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[19]Shun C M,Chan P W.Applications of an infrared Doppler lidar in detection of wind shear[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology.2008,25:637-655.
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[22]Chan P W.Latest aviation applications of LIDAR at the Hong Kong International Airport[C].15th Conference on Aviation,Range,and Aerospace Meteorology.2011.
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[24]JIANG Li-Hui,YAN Yan,XIONG Xing-Long,et al.Doppler lidar alerting algorithm of low-level wind shear based on ramps detection[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering(蒋立辉,闫妍,熊兴隆,等.基于斜坡检测的多普勒激光雷达低空风切变预警算法.红外与激光工程),2016,45(1):106001-0106001(7).
[25]YIN Jia-Ping.Research and observation of turbine wake and wind field of MABL by coherent Doppler wind lidar.(尹嘉萍.风机尾流场与海气边界层风场的多普勒激光雷达观测研究.中国海洋大学),2015.
[26]Woodfield A A,Woods J F.Wind shear from headwind measurements on British Airways B747-236 aircraft[J].Royal Aircraft Establ Ishment Bedford,1981.
[27]Woodfield A A,Woods J F.Worldwide experience of wind shear during 1981-1982[R].Royal Aircraft Establ Ishment Bedford(England),1983.
[2]Federal Aviation Administration.Wind Shear[M].FAA-P-8740-40-AFS-8.2008.
[3]Storm B,Basu S.The WRF model forecast-derived low-level wind shear climatology over the United States Great Plains[J].Energies,2010,3(2):258-276.
[4]WANG Q M,GUO L L.Development of lidar in detection of low altitude wind shear[J].LASER and INFRARED.(王青梅,郭利乐.激光雷达在机场低空风切变探测中的应用.激光与红外).2012,42(12):1324-1328.
[5]DAI L L,NI X W.Research of Doppler Lidar for Microscale Wind shear-field Detection[D].Nanjing University of Science and Technology.(戴丽莉,倪晓武.探测微尺度风切变场的多普勒激光雷达研究.南京理工大学).2010.
[6]International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO).ICAOSafety Report 2015 Edition.
[7]International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO).ICAOSafety Report 2016 Edition.
[8]LIU Y H,LI F Y,ZHANG H Y,et al.The comparison between sonic-anemometer and three-component propeller anemometer[J].Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instrument.(刘艳华,李富余,张宏升,等.超声风速仪与三轴风速仪测风的比较研究.气象水文海洋仪器),2003,3:7-16.
[9]Anfossi D,Oettl D,Degrazia G,et al.An analysis of sonic anemometer observations in low wind speed conditions[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2005,114(1):179-203.
[10]Armijo L.A theory for the determination of wind and precipitation velocities with Doppler radars[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1969,26(3):570-573.
[11]WENG N Q,XIAO L M,GONG Z B,et al.The theory and experimental verification of 915 M microwave radar[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics.(翁宁泉,肖黎明,龚知本,等.915 M微波测风雷达原理及实验对比.量子电子学报),2001,18(1):92-96.
[12]Wu S,Yin J,Liu B,et al.Characterization of turbulent wake of wind turbine by coherent Doppler lidar[J].SPIEAsia-Pacific Remote Sensing.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2014:92620H-92620H-10.
[13]Wu S,Liu B,Liu J,et al.Wind turbine wake visualization and characteristics analysis by Doppler lidar[J].Optics Express,2016,24(10):A762-A780.
[14]Hannon S M,Thomson J A L,Henderson S W,et al.Wind shear,turbulence,and wake vortex characterization using pulsed solid state coherent lidar[J].Air Traffic Control Technologies.1995,2464:94-102.
[15]Chan P W,Lee Y F.Application of short-range lidar in wind shear alerting[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2012.DOI:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00086.1
[16]Chan P W,Shun C M,Wu K C.Operational LIDAR-based system for automatic wind shear alerting at Hong Kong International Airport[C].12th Conference on Aviation,Range,and Aerospace Meteorology,American Meteorological Society,Atlanta,GA,USA,2006.
[17]Hong Kong observatory.Wind shear and turbulence in Hong Kong-Information for pilots[J].Hong Kong Observatory and International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations.2005.
[18]Shun C M.Ongoing research in Hong Kong has led to improved wind shear and turbulence alerts[J].International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)journal,2003,58(2):1-9.
[19]Shun C M,Chan P W.Applications of an infrared Doppler lidar in detection of wind shear[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology.2008,25:637-655.
[20]Wagner R,Courtney M,Gottschall J,et al.Accounting for the speed shear in wind turbine power performance measurement[J].Wind Energy,2011,14(8):993-1004.
[21]Antoniou I,Pedersen S M,Enevoldsen P B.Wind shear and uncertainties in power curve measurement and wind resources[J].Wind Engineering,2009,33(5):449-468.
[22]Chan P W.Latest aviation applications of LIDAR at the Hong Kong International Airport[C].15th Conference on Aviation,Range,and Aerospace Meteorology.2011.
[23]Choy B L,Lee O S M,Shun C M,et al.Prototype automatic LIDAR-based wind shear detection algorithms[C].10th Conference on Aviation,Range,and Aerospace Meteorology.2004.
[24]JIANG Li-Hui,YAN Yan,XIONG Xing-Long,et al.Doppler lidar alerting algorithm of low-level wind shear based on ramps detection[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering(蒋立辉,闫妍,熊兴隆,等.基于斜坡检测的多普勒激光雷达低空风切变预警算法.红外与激光工程),2016,45(1):106001-0106001(7).
[25]YIN Jia-Ping.Research and observation of turbine wake and wind field of MABL by coherent Doppler wind lidar.(尹嘉萍.风机尾流场与海气边界层风场的多普勒激光雷达观测研究.中国海洋大学),2015.
[26]Woodfield A A,Woods J F.Wind shear from headwind measurements on British Airways B747-236 aircraft[J].Royal Aircraft Establ Ishment Bedford,1981.
[27]Woodfield A A,Woods J F.Worldwide experience of wind shear during 1981-1982[R].Royal Aircraft Establ Ishment Bedford(England),1983.