摘要
利用英国地质调查局、欧洲污染物排放和转移登记系统、《中国环境统计年鉴》和《中国环境统计年报》数据,对比分析中国与欧盟金属产量、工业废水中重金属排放的区域和行业分布、演变规律及原因。结果显示,1993—2014年中国黑色金属和有色金属产量快速增加,但工业废水中重金属减排却非常明显;生产方式的转变(清洁生产和循环经济)、生产技术的革新以及行业标准的变化促进了中国工业废水中重金属的减排;中国工业废水中不同重金属排放的区域和行业分布不同,相比之下,欧盟的排放区域和行业分布变化不大,且排放较为集中。欧盟在政策制定、监管方面值得中国学习借鉴。
Based on the data collected from the British Geological Survey, European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, China Statistical Yearbook on Environment, and Annual Statistic Report on Environment in China, the variations of metal production, regional and industrial distributions of heavy metals discharge from industrial wastewater were compared for China and European Union. Although the metal production increased quickly from 1993 to 2014, the total discharge of heavy metals in wastewaters decreased. This is ascribed to the change in production modes, technology innovation, and improvement of wastewater discharge standard. The regional and industry distributions of heavy metals in wastewaters were different for different heavy metals. Whereas, the regional and industrial distributions of heavy metal discharges from industrial wastewaters of European Union change insignificantly from 2007 to 2013. Moreover, the European Union's experience in policy formulation and supervision will help China learn from it.
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