城市用地扩展对生态安全的影响——以内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市为例
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摘要
城市空间扩展对生态环境的影响研究备受关注。为正确认识城市用地扩展导致的生态安全问题,以1986—2014年遥感影像为信息源,基于城市用地扩展特征及其生态效应分析,借助DPSIR模型构建生态安全评价指标,开展呼和浩特城市用地扩展中生态安全的动态评价与趋势分析。结果表明:28a间,呼和浩特市建成区面积扩大2.89倍,生态用地减少16.71%,热岛比例指数升高0.40倍,破碎度指数增加0.82倍,生态系统服务价值降低7.32%;生态安全指数从0.747 0降至0.309 6,生态安全水平由"较安全"转变为"很不安全"等级。可见,呼和浩特城市用地扩展已对生态环境造成压力,生态安全状况不断恶化。研究结果可为有效遏制城市用地扩张对生态安全的负面影响提供理论依据。
The impact of urban spatial expansion on the ecological environment and its response has been paid much attention. In order to have a correct understanding of the ecological security problems caused by the expansion of urban land,the paper analysis the dynamic features and eco-environmental effect of urban land expansion in Hohhot City based on the remote sensing image of 1986-2014. The ecological security evaluation index system was constructed based on DPSIR model,and the dynamic change of ecological security level in the process of urban land expansion in Hohhot City was evaluated and analyzed in the paper. Results show: During28 years,the built-up area in Hohhot City expanded 2. 89 times,the ecological land area reduced 16. 71%,the heat island ratio rise 0. 40 times,fragmentation index increased 0. 82 times,ecosystem service value decreased 7. 32%. This led to the ecological security index fell from 0. 747 0 to 0. 309 6,the level of ecological security is changed from "safer" to "unsafe". Obviously,the expansion of urban land in Hohhot has caused great pressure on the ecological environment and make the ecological security situation is deteriorating. The results can provide a theoretical basis for effectively curbing the negative effects of urban land expansion on ecological security.
The impact of urban spatial expansion on the ecological environment and its response has been paid much attention. In order to have a correct understanding of the ecological security problems caused by the expansion of urban land,the paper analysis the dynamic features and eco-environmental effect of urban land expansion in Hohhot City based on the remote sensing image of 1986-2014. The ecological security evaluation index system was constructed based on DPSIR model,and the dynamic change of ecological security level in the process of urban land expansion in Hohhot City was evaluated and analyzed in the paper. Results show: During28 years,the built-up area in Hohhot City expanded 2. 89 times,the ecological land area reduced 16. 71%,the heat island ratio rise 0. 40 times,fragmentation index increased 0. 82 times,ecosystem service value decreased 7. 32%. This led to the ecological security index fell from 0. 747 0 to 0. 309 6,the level of ecological security is changed from "safer" to "unsafe". Obviously,the expansion of urban land in Hohhot has caused great pressure on the ecological environment and make the ecological security situation is deteriorating. The results can provide a theoretical basis for effectively curbing the negative effects of urban land expansion on ecological security.
引文
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[8]徐德明,李静,彭静,等.基于RS和GIS的生态系统健康评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1809-1814.
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[10]施晓清,赵景柱,欧阳志云.城市生态安全及其动态评价方法.[J]生态学报,2005,25(12):3239-3245.
[11]甄江红,罗莎莎,何孙鹏.基于生态足迹的呼包鄂地区生态安全评价研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(6):57-65.
[12]张继权,伊坤朋,Hiroshi Tani,等.基于DPSIR的吉林省白山市生态安全评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):189-195.
[13]肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(13):354-358.
[14]谢花林,李波.城市生态安全评价指标体系与评价方法研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(5):705-710.
[15]潘竟虎,韩文超.近20 a中国省会及以上城市空间形态演变[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(3):470-480.
[16]张伟新,范晓秋,姜翠玲,等.生态评价方法与区域生态足迹评价——以无锡市为例[J].南京财经大学学报,2005,132(2):24-28.
[17]李喜仓,白美兰,马玉峰,等.呼和浩特市城区发展对大气环境的影响分析[J].气象,2011,37(12):1572-1577.
[18]苏德勒格其.呼和浩特市城市热岛效应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2009,6.
[19]何孙鹏.呼和浩特市区城市空间扩展的景观生态安全评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2016.
[20]王琳娟,甄江红,何孙鹏.呼和浩特市区景观生态风险动态评价[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(3):37-43.
[21]马利邦,牛叔文,李永华,等.甘肃省生态安全评价及驱动因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(5):30-36.
[2]董廷旭,秦其明,王建华.近30年来绵阳市城市用地扩展模式研究[J].地理研究,2011,30(4):667-675.
[3]潘竟虎,韩文超.兰州中心城区用地扩展及其热岛响应的遥感分析[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(11):2597-2603.
[4]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(12):189-195.
[5]满苏尔·沙比提,娜斯曼·那斯尔丁,阿尔斯朗·马木提.托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被生态服务价值变化分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(11):2116-2124.
[6]郭忠良,郝润梅.呼和浩特市土地利用变化与景观生态功能响应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2010.
[7]陈强,濮励杰,梁华石,等.快速城市化地区城市用地扩展的生态环境效应评价——以南京市栖霞区为例[J].江西农业大学学报,2009,31(4):750-755.
[8]徐德明,李静,彭静,等.基于RS和GIS的生态系统健康评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1809-1814.
[9]周文华,王如松.城市生态安全评价方法研究——以北京市为例[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):848-852.
[10]施晓清,赵景柱,欧阳志云.城市生态安全及其动态评价方法.[J]生态学报,2005,25(12):3239-3245.
[11]甄江红,罗莎莎,何孙鹏.基于生态足迹的呼包鄂地区生态安全评价研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(6):57-65.
[12]张继权,伊坤朋,Hiroshi Tani,等.基于DPSIR的吉林省白山市生态安全评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):189-195.
[13]肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(13):354-358.
[14]谢花林,李波.城市生态安全评价指标体系与评价方法研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(5):705-710.
[15]潘竟虎,韩文超.近20 a中国省会及以上城市空间形态演变[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(3):470-480.
[16]张伟新,范晓秋,姜翠玲,等.生态评价方法与区域生态足迹评价——以无锡市为例[J].南京财经大学学报,2005,132(2):24-28.
[17]李喜仓,白美兰,马玉峰,等.呼和浩特市城区发展对大气环境的影响分析[J].气象,2011,37(12):1572-1577.
[18]苏德勒格其.呼和浩特市城市热岛效应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2009,6.
[19]何孙鹏.呼和浩特市区城市空间扩展的景观生态安全评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2016.
[20]王琳娟,甄江红,何孙鹏.呼和浩特市区景观生态风险动态评价[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(3):37-43.
[21]马利邦,牛叔文,李永华,等.甘肃省生态安全评价及驱动因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(5):30-36.