呼和浩特市城市空间扩展的热岛效应研究
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摘要
本文以呼和浩特市区为研究对象,选取1987年、1990年、2001年、2010年和2016年共5期的影像作为数据源。进行不同土地利用类型分类,采用单窗算法反演出地表温度,对比各土地利用类型之间的地表温度和对热环境的影响程度,并进一步分析城市空间扩展与热岛效应之间的关系。得出各土地利用类型的地表温度具有明显差异,建设用地和未利用土地温度高,耕地温度最低。从各土地利用类型对热环境影响程度来看,建设用地和耕地的热效应贡献度较大,其次是未利用地、水域和林地,草地贡献度最小。1987—2016年热岛中心迁移方向与城市重心迁移方向一致,表明城市扩展与热岛效应扩散趋势具有空间一致性。
Taking Hohhot city as the research object,this paper selects the images of 1987,1990,2001,2010 and 2016 as the data sources. Different land use types were classified. The single window algorithm was used to reverse the surface temperature. The land surface temperature and the impact on the thermal environment between different land use types were compared,and the relationship between urban expansion and heat island effect was further analyzed. It is found that the surface temperature of each land use type has obvious difference. The temperature of the construction land and the unused land is high,and the temperature of the cultivated land is the lowest. From the land use type to the thermal environment impact degree,the construction land and the cultivated land heat effect contribution is bigger,next is the unused land,the water area and the forest land,the grassland contribution is smallest.The migration direction of the center of the 1987—2016 year heat island is consistent with the direction of urban center of gravity migration,which shows that the trend of urban expansion and the diffusion trend of the heat island effect is consistent with space.
Taking Hohhot city as the research object,this paper selects the images of 1987,1990,2001,2010 and 2016 as the data sources. Different land use types were classified. The single window algorithm was used to reverse the surface temperature. The land surface temperature and the impact on the thermal environment between different land use types were compared,and the relationship between urban expansion and heat island effect was further analyzed. It is found that the surface temperature of each land use type has obvious difference. The temperature of the construction land and the unused land is high,and the temperature of the cultivated land is the lowest. From the land use type to the thermal environment impact degree,the construction land and the cultivated land heat effect contribution is bigger,next is the unused land,the water area and the forest land,the grassland contribution is smallest.The migration direction of the center of the 1987—2016 year heat island is consistent with the direction of urban center of gravity migration,which shows that the trend of urban expansion and the diffusion trend of the heat island effect is consistent with space.
引文
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[15]潘竟虎,任皓晨,张伟强.嘉峪关市瞬时热力场空间格局的遥感分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(5):39-42.
[16]贾宝全,邱尔发,蔡春菊.唐山市域1993—2009年热场变化[J].生态学报,2011,20(10):6215-6223.
[17]周兆叶,储少林,王志伟等.基于NDVI的植被覆盖度的变化分析:以甘省张掖市甘州区为例[J].草业科学,2009,25(12):23-29.
[18]李建辉,周启刚,陈倩.基于RS和GIS的建设用地变化研究:以重庆市主城九区为例[J].重庆工商大学学报:自然科学版,2012,29(1):76-81.
[2]但尚铭,安海锋,但玻,许辉熙,杨玲,陈刚毅.基于AVHRR和DEM的重庆城市热岛效应分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(7):680-685.
[3]梁益同,陈正洪,夏智宏.基于RS和GIS的武汉城市热岛效应年代演变及其机理分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(8):914-918.
[4]黄聚聪,赵小锋,唐立娜,邱全毅.城市化进程中城市热岛景观格局演变的时空特征——厦门市为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):622-631.
[5]彭保发,石忆邵,王贺封,王亚力.城市热岛效应的影响机理及其作用规律——以上海市为例[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1461-1471.
[6]冯琰玮,呼和浩特市城市空间扩展与生态安全演变耦合研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(11):48-53.
[7]王琳娟,甄江红,何孙鹏.呼和浩特市区景观生态风险动态评价[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(3):37-43.
[8]苏德勒格其,呼和浩特市城市热岛效应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2009.
[9]Markham B L,Barker J L.Landsat MSS and TM post-calibration dynamic ranges,exo atmospheric reflectances and at-satel lite temperatures[J].EOSAT landsat Tech-nical Notes,1986,1(1):3-8.
[10]覃志豪,李文娟,徐斌.利用Landsat TM6反演地表温度所需地表辐射率参数的估计方法[J].海洋科学进展,2005,22(10):129-137.
[11]扬景梅,邱金植.我国可降水量同地面水汽压关系的经验表达式[J].大气科学,1996,20(5):620-626.
[12]覃志豪,李文娟,徐斌.陆地卫星TM6波段范围内地表比辐射率的估计[J].国土资源遥感,2004,16(3):28-32.
[13]Qin Z,Karnieli A,Berliner P.A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Land-sat TM date and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(8):3719-3746.
[14]刘宇,匡耀求,吴志峰等.不同土地利用类型对城市地表温度的影响[J].地理科学,2006,26(5):597-602.
[15]潘竟虎,任皓晨,张伟强.嘉峪关市瞬时热力场空间格局的遥感分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(5):39-42.
[16]贾宝全,邱尔发,蔡春菊.唐山市域1993—2009年热场变化[J].生态学报,2011,20(10):6215-6223.
[17]周兆叶,储少林,王志伟等.基于NDVI的植被覆盖度的变化分析:以甘省张掖市甘州区为例[J].草业科学,2009,25(12):23-29.
[18]李建辉,周启刚,陈倩.基于RS和GIS的建设用地变化研究:以重庆市主城九区为例[J].重庆工商大学学报:自然科学版,2012,29(1):76-81.