山西省玉米区试品种对4种主要病害的抗性及其变化趋势分析
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摘要
[目的]选用抗病品种有效地防治山西省玉米病害。[方法]本文对山西省2011-2017年区试玉米品种的丝黑穗病、穗腐病、茎腐病、大斑病4种病害进行了抗性结构和变化动态分析。[结果]不同熟期品种抗性比较,特早熟(S)品种抗丝黑穗病、大斑病、茎腐病的资源严重缺乏(若干年份无"高抗"品种,且"抗"性以上百分比大都低于25%);各熟期抗穗腐病资源较为丰富(近3年来占比都高于65%,2017年都高于87%,S熟期达100%)。每年所有鉴定品种平均病情级别比较,丝黑穗病病情级别较高,抗性表现为"中抗"或"感";茎腐病、大斑病次之,皆表现为"中抗"或"抗";穗腐病较低,表现为"抗"。4种病害病情变化动态看,丝黑穗病、穗腐病逐年减轻,大斑病逐年加重,茎腐病呈轻-重-轻动态。[结论]本研究为山西省玉米抗病育种和品种引进提供参考。
[Objective] Present study was conducted in order to effectively select maize varieties with high resistance level to control major corn diseases in Shanxi area. [Methods] The resistance structure and dynamic variation in disease resistance development of testing maize varieties to four main diseases, including head smut, ear rot, stalk rot, and leaf blight were investigated between 2011 and 2017 in Shanxi maize planting areas. [Results] The comparison of disease resistance level among different maturity groups of maize varieties revealed the lack of extra-early varieties(S) with resistance to head smut, leaf blight, and stalk rot. During some planting years, the varieties with high disease resistance were either completely disappeared or displayed the resistance level lower than 25%, while all tested varieties possessed high resistance level(over 65%) against ear rot over past three years, and the resistance level in all varieties was over 87%, and reached up to 100% in S varieties in 2017.. The average disease level of all varieties occurred in each year was analyzed, and the highest disease level of head smut was detected with the resistance level of "MR" or "S", followed by stalk rot and leaf blight.with the resistance of "MR" or "R", and the lowest level was found for ear rot with the resistance of "R". The dynamic variation analysis of average disease level of four diseases indicated that the level of head smut and ear rot was continually decreased over years, while the level of leaf blight was increased annually, and the level of stalk rot was fluctuated. [Conclusion] The results provided a reference for disease-resistance breeding and new variety introduction of maize production in Shanxi.
[Objective] Present study was conducted in order to effectively select maize varieties with high resistance level to control major corn diseases in Shanxi area. [Methods] The resistance structure and dynamic variation in disease resistance development of testing maize varieties to four main diseases, including head smut, ear rot, stalk rot, and leaf blight were investigated between 2011 and 2017 in Shanxi maize planting areas. [Results] The comparison of disease resistance level among different maturity groups of maize varieties revealed the lack of extra-early varieties(S) with resistance to head smut, leaf blight, and stalk rot. During some planting years, the varieties with high disease resistance were either completely disappeared or displayed the resistance level lower than 25%, while all tested varieties possessed high resistance level(over 65%) against ear rot over past three years, and the resistance level in all varieties was over 87%, and reached up to 100% in S varieties in 2017.. The average disease level of all varieties occurred in each year was analyzed, and the highest disease level of head smut was detected with the resistance level of "MR" or "S", followed by stalk rot and leaf blight.with the resistance of "MR" or "R", and the lowest level was found for ear rot with the resistance of "R". The dynamic variation analysis of average disease level of four diseases indicated that the level of head smut and ear rot was continually decreased over years, while the level of leaf blight was increased annually, and the level of stalk rot was fluctuated. [Conclusion] The results provided a reference for disease-resistance breeding and new variety introduction of maize production in Shanxi.
引文
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[2]段灿星,朱振东,武小菲,等.玉米种质资源对六种重要病虫害的抗性鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(2):169-174.
[3]李新凤,王建明,张作刚,等.山西省玉米穗腐病病原镰孢菌的分离与鉴定[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(3):218-223.
[4]邵冰,李继竹,衣洪坤,等.玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性及其与产量的关系[J].吉林农业大学学报,2013,35(1):8-14.
[5]张治家,李永华.山西省玉米品种穗腐病抗性鉴定[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(6):75-78.
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[7]左淑珍,靳学慧,李铁刚,等.部分玉米自交系对丝黑穗病的抗性鉴定和遗传效应研究[J].玉米科学,2012,20(6):137-142.
[8]赵羹梅,王淑芳,刘聪莉.玉米丝黑穗病原菌侵染的一些细胞学研究[J].植物病理学报,1991,21(4):267-270.
[9]李兴红,康绍兰,曹志敏,等.玉米苗期对丝黑穗病抗性机制初探[J].河北农业大学学报,1995(4):39-44.
[10]任志强,卜华虎,杨慧珍,等.玉米丝黑穗研究进展及其防治[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(30):10564-10566.
[11]李莉.玉米丝黑穗病抗性种质创制与选择[D].长春:吉林农业大学:2012.
[12]段灿星,王晓鸣,宁凤景,等.玉米抗穗腐病研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(11):2152-2164
[13]陈德辉.玉米茎基腐病的发生规律及防治措施[J].现代农业科技,2010(13):186.
[14]刘春来.中国玉米茎腐病研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(30):130-134.
[15]张小利.玉米对大斑病和南方锈病抗病性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院:2013.
[2]段灿星,朱振东,武小菲,等.玉米种质资源对六种重要病虫害的抗性鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(2):169-174.
[3]李新凤,王建明,张作刚,等.山西省玉米穗腐病病原镰孢菌的分离与鉴定[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(3):218-223.
[4]邵冰,李继竹,衣洪坤,等.玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性及其与产量的关系[J].吉林农业大学学报,2013,35(1):8-14.
[5]张治家,李永华.山西省玉米品种穗腐病抗性鉴定[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(6):75-78.
[6]王良发,徐国举,张守林,等.对25个玉米品种的茎腐病抗性分析和产量损失评估[J].玉米科学,2015,23(6):12-17.
[7]左淑珍,靳学慧,李铁刚,等.部分玉米自交系对丝黑穗病的抗性鉴定和遗传效应研究[J].玉米科学,2012,20(6):137-142.
[8]赵羹梅,王淑芳,刘聪莉.玉米丝黑穗病原菌侵染的一些细胞学研究[J].植物病理学报,1991,21(4):267-270.
[9]李兴红,康绍兰,曹志敏,等.玉米苗期对丝黑穗病抗性机制初探[J].河北农业大学学报,1995(4):39-44.
[10]任志强,卜华虎,杨慧珍,等.玉米丝黑穗研究进展及其防治[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(30):10564-10566.
[11]李莉.玉米丝黑穗病抗性种质创制与选择[D].长春:吉林农业大学:2012.
[12]段灿星,王晓鸣,宁凤景,等.玉米抗穗腐病研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(11):2152-2164
[13]陈德辉.玉米茎基腐病的发生规律及防治措施[J].现代农业科技,2010(13):186.
[14]刘春来.中国玉米茎腐病研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(30):130-134.
[15]张小利.玉米对大斑病和南方锈病抗病性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院:2013.