汕头南澳-东山海域初级生产力的时空特征
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摘要
根据2014年9月(秋季)、12月(冬季)、2015年4月(春季)、2016年7月(夏季)在南澳岛与东山岛之间的近海海域进行的生态环境调查,分析了该海域叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的时空变化特征。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.37～14.9μg/L,平均值分别为:夏季(8.2μg/L)>秋季(4.9μg/L)>冬季(1.52μg/L)>春季(1.47μg/L)。表层初级生产力的波动范围为0.6～45 mg(C)/(m~3·h),平均值分别为:秋季20.3 mg(C)/(m~3·h)>夏季18.2 mg(C)/(m~3·h)>春季14.4 mg(C)/(m~3·h)>冬季5.6 mg(C)/(m~3·h)。水柱初级生产力变动范围为14.1～3066.6 mg(C)/(m~2·d),平均值分别为:秋季1034.2 mg(C)/(m~2·d)>夏季715.5 mg(C)/(m~2·d)>春季453.4 mg(C)/(m~2·d)>冬季133.8 mg(C)/(m~2·d)。除夏季外,整个调查海域的叶绿素a浓度空间变化规律基本为由西北向东南方向递减;夏季调查海域表层叶绿素a的浓度都较高,在南澳岛的南面出现一个叶绿素a的低值区。该海域初级生产力的空间分布规律性较差。叶绿素a和初级生产力与营养盐浓度在春季均呈显著正相关,但在其他季节相关性不强。氮营养盐在春季和秋季可能是南澳-东山海域浮游植物生长的潜在限制因子。为获得较好的渔业增养殖效益,应该根据初级生产力现状对该海域的养殖品种和规模进行合理规划。
Chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations and primary productivity were investigated in the surface water of the Nan'ao-Dongshan coastal area in September(autumn) and December(winter) of 2014, April(spring) of 2015, and July(summer) of 2017. The seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Chl a and primary productivity were analyzed. The Chl a concentration varied from 0.37 μg/L to 14.9 μg/L. The average Chl a concentration in the surface water were summer(8.2 μg/L)>autumn(4.9 μg/L)>winter(1.52 μg/L)>spring(1.47 μg/L). The primary productivity varied from 0.6 to 45 mg(C)/(m~3·h), and the average values were autumn [20.3 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]>summer [18.2 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]>spring [14.4 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]>winter [5.6 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]. The depth-integrated primary productivity varied from 14.1 mg(C)/(m~2·d) to 3066.6 mg(C)/(m~2·d), and the average values were autumn [1034.2 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]>summer [715.5 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]>spring [453.4 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]>winter [133.8 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]. The Chl a concentration generally decreased from the northwest inshore region to the southeast offshore region during the four seasons. However, there was no clear pattern for the distribution of primary productivity. Significant correlations between Chl a, primary productivity, and nutrients were found only in spring. Nitrogen may be a relatively important limiting nutrition factor in the Nan'ao-Dongshan coastal region. In general, the water quality was healthy and the concentrations of Chl a and nutrients were relatively low. For the sustainable utilization of fishery resources, a reasonable plan regarding stocking densities is needed for the cultured species according to the primary productivity in the Nan'ao-Dongshan costal region.
Chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations and primary productivity were investigated in the surface water of the Nan'ao-Dongshan coastal area in September(autumn) and December(winter) of 2014, April(spring) of 2015, and July(summer) of 2017. The seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Chl a and primary productivity were analyzed. The Chl a concentration varied from 0.37 μg/L to 14.9 μg/L. The average Chl a concentration in the surface water were summer(8.2 μg/L)>autumn(4.9 μg/L)>winter(1.52 μg/L)>spring(1.47 μg/L). The primary productivity varied from 0.6 to 45 mg(C)/(m~3·h), and the average values were autumn [20.3 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]>summer [18.2 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]>spring [14.4 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]>winter [5.6 mg(C)/(m~3·h)]. The depth-integrated primary productivity varied from 14.1 mg(C)/(m~2·d) to 3066.6 mg(C)/(m~2·d), and the average values were autumn [1034.2 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]>summer [715.5 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]>spring [453.4 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]>winter [133.8 mg(C)/(m~2·d)]. The Chl a concentration generally decreased from the northwest inshore region to the southeast offshore region during the four seasons. However, there was no clear pattern for the distribution of primary productivity. Significant correlations between Chl a, primary productivity, and nutrients were found only in spring. Nitrogen may be a relatively important limiting nutrition factor in the Nan'ao-Dongshan coastal region. In general, the water quality was healthy and the concentrations of Chl a and nutrients were relatively low. For the sustainable utilization of fishery resources, a reasonable plan regarding stocking densities is needed for the cultured species according to the primary productivity in the Nan'ao-Dongshan costal region.
引文
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[18]Cushing D H.Upwelling and the production of fish[J].Advances in Marine Biology,1971,9:255-334.
[2]Xiao F S.Fishery resource capacity in ecosystem of Minnan-Taiwan Shoal Fishing Ground[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2003,22(4):449-456.[肖方森.闽南-台湾浅滩海域生态系统渔业资源容纳量[J].台湾海峡,2003,22(4):449-456.
[3]Wang Z H,Li C H,Jia X P.The fishery production from the north part of the South China Sea using the primary production method[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2005,26(3):9-15.[王增焕,李纯厚,贾晓平.应用初级生产力估算南海北部的渔业资源量[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):9-15.]
[4]Xu Z L,Cui X S,Huang H L.Distribution of zooplankton in Ommastrephes batramii fishing ground of the North Pacific Ocean and its relationship with the fishing ground[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(5):515-521.[徐兆礼,崔雪森,黄洪亮.北太平洋柔鱼渔场浮游动物数量分布及与渔场的关系[J].水产学报,2004,28(5):515-521.]
[5]Ichii T,Mahapatra K,Sakai M,et al.Changes in abundance of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in relation to climate change in the central North Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2011,441:151-164.
[6]Yu W,Chen X J,Yi Q.Relationship between spatio-temporal dynamics of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii and net primary production in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,38(2):64-72.[余为,陈新军,易倩.西北太平洋海洋净初级生产力与柔鱼资源量变动关系的研究[J].海洋学报,2016,38(2):64-72.]
[7]Chen W Z,Cao H B,Du H,et al.Research on carrying capacity of Crassostrea gigas in the Shen’ao Bay[J].Ecological Science,31(5):558-562.[陈伟洲,曹会彬,杜虹,等.深澳湾太平洋牡蛎养殖容量研究[J].生态科学,2012,31(5):558-562.]
[8]Zhou K,Huang C J,Jiang S,et al.Annual dynamics of phytoplankton in Zhelin Bay:2000-2001[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(5):688-698.[周凯,黄长江,姜胜,等.2000~2001年柘林湾浮游植物群落结构及数量变动的周年调查[J].生态学报,2002,22(5):688-698.]
[9]Huang C J,Dong Q X,Wu C W,et al.Spatial temporal distribution of chlorophyll a in the Zhelin Bay-A large scale maricultural area[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(2):127-134.[黄长江,董巧香,吴常文,等.大规模增养殖区柘林湾叶绿素a的时空分布[J].海洋学报,2005,27(2):127-134.]
[10]Cadée G C,Hegeman J.Primary production of phytoplankton in the Dutch Wadden sea[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1974,8(2-3):240-259.
[11]Holmes R W.The Secchi disk in turbid coastal waters[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1970,15(5):688-694.
[12]Lohrenzl S E,Fahnenstiel G L,Redalje D G,et al.Variations in primary production of northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf waters linked to nutrient inputs from the Mississippi River[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1997,155:45-54.
[13]Song X Y,Wang S F,Li K Z,et al.Basic biological production and potential fishery production in Daya Bay[J].Ecological Science,2012,31(1):13-17.[宋星宇,王生福,李开枝,等.大亚湾基础生物生产力及潜在渔业生产量评估[J].生态科学,2012,31(1):13-17.]
[14]Ning X,Chai F,Xue H,et al.Physical-biological oceanographic coupling influencing phytoplankton and primary production in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109:C10005.
[15]Huang Y S,Ou L J,Yang Y F.Nutrient competition between macroalgae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and phytoplankton in coastal waters of Nan’ao Island,Guangdong[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(4):806-813.[黄银爽,欧林坚,杨宇峰.广东南澳岛大型海藻龙须菜与浮游植物对营养盐的竞争利用[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(4):806-813.]
[16]Shen P P,Li G,Huang L M,et al.Spatio-temporal variability of phytoplankton assemblages in the Pearl River estuary,with special reference to the influence of turbidity and temperature[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,31(16):1672-1681.
[17]Huang C H,Lin H J,Huang T C,et al.Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to system-scale removal of oyster-culture racks from a eutrophic tropical lagoon[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2008,358:1-12.
[18]Cushing D H.Upwelling and the production of fish[J].Advances in Marine Biology,1971,9:255-334.