盐穴储气库造腔设计与跟踪
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摘要
中国适合建库的地质条件为层状盐岩,造腔盐层段具有厚度小、夹层多、含盐品位低等特点,其地质结构决定了中国盐穴储气库造腔设计不能完全借鉴国外设计经验。根据近十年来盐穴腔体造腔设计和现场实践,首次提出了适合层状盐岩造腔设计关键参数的选取原则,并基于此原则编制了初步造腔设计与调整方案,以指导现场造腔实践,效果良好。在现场造腔跟踪期间,形成了造腔动态分析、阻溶剂界面监控、造腔进度跟踪及声呐测腔等一系列跟踪与监测技术,有效避免和减少了现场造腔异常并及时发现和解决造腔突发问题,保证了腔体在建造期间正常有序。研究成果可为其他盐穴储气库建设提供设计依据和技术支持。
In China, the layered salt rocks are geologically suitable for the construction of salt cavern gas storages, and the leaching salt intervals are characterized by thin single layer, multiple interbed and low salt grade. Due to the geological structure, the solution mining design of salt cavern gas storages in China cannot learn from foreign design experience completely. Based on the design and site practice of solution mining in the past ten years, the principle to select the key parameters of solution mining design in layered salt rocks was put forward for the first time in this paper, and it fills the domestic blank. Based on this principle, the preliminary solution mining design and adjustment plan were prepared to guide the practical solution mining, and its application results are good. In addition, a series of tracking and monitoring techniques were developed during the on-site tracking of solution mining, such as dynamic analysis for solution mining, blanket interface monitoring, leaching progress tracking and sonar survey, so as to avoid and reduce the leaching abnormalities effectively, identify sudden problems timely and ensure the normality and order of solution mining. The research results can provide design basis and technical support for the construction of other salt cavern gas storages.
In China, the layered salt rocks are geologically suitable for the construction of salt cavern gas storages, and the leaching salt intervals are characterized by thin single layer, multiple interbed and low salt grade. Due to the geological structure, the solution mining design of salt cavern gas storages in China cannot learn from foreign design experience completely. Based on the design and site practice of solution mining in the past ten years, the principle to select the key parameters of solution mining design in layered salt rocks was put forward for the first time in this paper, and it fills the domestic blank. Based on this principle, the preliminary solution mining design and adjustment plan were prepared to guide the practical solution mining, and its application results are good. In addition, a series of tracking and monitoring techniques were developed during the on-site tracking of solution mining, such as dynamic analysis for solution mining, blanket interface monitoring, leaching progress tracking and sonar survey, so as to avoid and reduce the leaching abnormalities effectively, identify sudden problems timely and ensure the normality and order of solution mining. The research results can provide design basis and technical support for the construction of other salt cavern gas storages.
引文
[1]魏东吼.金坛盐穴地下储气库造腔工艺技术研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2008:3-4.WEI D H.Engineering technology of cavity making in Jintan salt caverns underground gas storage[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2008:3-4.
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[8]孔令峰,赵忠勋,赵炳刚,等.利用深层煤炭地下气化技术建设煤穴储气库的可行性研究[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):99-107.KONG L F,ZHAO Z X,ZHAO B G,et al.Feasibility analysis on rebuilding coal-mine gas storage by using underground coal gasification(UCG)technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):99-107.
[9]郭凯,李建君,郑贤斌.盐穴储气库造腔过程夹层处理工艺--以西气东输金坛储气库为例[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):162-166.GUO K,LI J J,ZHENG X B.Interlayer treatment process in cavity building for salt cavern gas storage-A case study of Jintan Gas Storage of West-to-East Gas Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):162-166.
[10]刘继芹,焦雨佳,李建君,等.盐穴储气库回溶造腔技术研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(5):122-128.LIU J Q,JIAO Y J,LI J J,et al.Back-leaching technology in the construction of underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,38(5):122-128.
[11]齐得山,李建君,赵岩,等.金坛盐穴储气库精细造腔腔体体积优化[J].油气储运,2018,37(6):633-638.QI D S,LI J J,ZHAO Y,et al.The cavity volume optimization of fine cavity building in Jintan Salt-Cavern Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(6):633-638.
[12]张刚雄,李彬,郑得文,等.中国地下储气库业务面临的挑战及对策建议[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):153-159.ZHANG G X,LI B,ZHENG D W,et al.Challenges to and proposals for underground gas storage(UGS)business in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):153-159.
[13]杨海军,于胜男.金坛地下储气库盐腔偏溶与井斜的关系[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):145-149.YANG H J,YU S N.Relationship between salt cavern partial melting and well deviation of Jintan Underground Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):145-149.
[14]李建君,王立东,刘春,等.金坛盐穴储气库腔体畸变影响因素[J].油气储运,2014,33(3):269-273.LI J J,WANG L D,LIU C,et al.Factors affecting cavities distortion of Jintan Salt Cavern Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(3):269-273.
[15]杨春和,李银平,陈锋.层状盐岩力学理论与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:31-40.YANG C H,LI Y P,CHEN F.Mechanics theory and engineering of bedded salt rock[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:31-40.
[16]袁光杰,班凡生,赵志成.盐穴储气库夹层破坏机理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(3):675-679.YUAN G J,BAN F S,ZHAO Z C.Study on collapsing mechanism of interlayer in salt caverns gas storage[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(3):675-679.
[17]施锡林,李银平,杨春和,等.卤水浸泡对泥质夹层抗拉强度影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2301-2308.SHI X L,LI Y P,YANG C H,et al.Test study of influence of brine on tensile strength of muddy intercalation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2301-2308.
[18]施锡林,李银平,杨春和,等.盐穴储气库水溶造腔夹层垮塌力学机制研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3615-3620.SHI X L,LI Y P,YANG C H,et al.Research on mechanical mechanism of interlayer collapse in solution mining for salt cavern gas storage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3615-3620.
[19]李银平,杨春和,屈丹安,等.盐穴储油(气)库水溶造腔管柱动力特性初探[J].岩土力学,2012,33(3):681-686.LI Y P,YANG C H,QU D A,et al.Preliminary study of dynamic characteristics of tubing string for solution mining of oil/gas storage salt caverns[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(3):681-686.
[20]李银平,葛鑫博,王兵武,等.盐穴地下储气库水溶造腔管柱的动力稳定性试验研究[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):81-87.LI Y P,GE X B,WANG B W,et al.Dynamic stability tests on tubing string for solution mining of a salt cavern UGS[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(7):81-87.
[21]郑东波,黄孟云,夏焱,等.盐穴储气库造腔管柱损坏机理研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2016,18(2):90-93.ZHENG D B,HUANG M Y,XIA Y,et al.The damage mechanism of cavity string in salt cavern gas storages[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,18(2):90-93.
[22]杨海军,李建君,王晓刚,等.盐穴储气库注采运行过程中的腔体形状检测[J].石油化工应用,2014,33(2):23-25.YANG H J,LI J J,WANG X G,et al.Shape survey of underground salt cavern gas storage during operation[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2014,33(2):23-25.
[23]杨海军,霍永胜,李光,等.TJ盐穴地下储气库注采气运行动态分析[J].石油化工应用,2010,29(9):61-65.YANG H J,HUO Y S,LI G,et al.Dynamic analysis of injection-production operation of TJ Gas Storage[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2010,29(9):61-65.
[24]杨海军,郭凯,李建君.盐穴储气库单腔长期注采运行分析及注采压力区间优化--以金坛盐穴储气库西2井腔体为例[J].油气储运,2015,34(9):945-950.YANG H J,GUO K,LI J J.Analysis on long-term operation and interval optimization of pressure for single cavity injection/production in underground salt cavern gas storage-Taking the cavity of Well Xi-2 in salt cavern gas storage in Jintan as an example[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(9):945-950.
[25]金虓,夏焱,袁光杰,等.盐穴地下储气库排卤管柱盐结晶影响因素实验研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4):130-134.JIN X,XIA Y,YUAN G J,et al.An experimental study on the influencing factors of salt crystal in brine discharge strings of a salt-cavern underground gas storage(UGS)[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):130-134.
[2]丁国生,李春,王皆明,等.中国地下储气库现状及技术发展方向[J].天然气工业,2015,35(11):107-111.DING G S,LI C,WANG J M,et al.The status quo and technical development direction of underground gas storages in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(11):107-111.
[3]丁国生.金坛盐穴地下储气库建库关键技术综述[J].天然气工业,2007,27(3):111-113.DING G S.General introduction on key technologies of the construction of Jintan underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(3):111-113.
[4]李晓鹏.盐穴储气库建腔技术[J].当代化工,2016,45(7):1460-1463.LI X P.The construction technology of salt cavern gas storage[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2016,45(7):1460-1463.
[5]李铁,张永强,刘广文.地下储气库的建设与发展[J].油气储运,2000,19(3):1-8.LI T,ZHANG Y Q,LIU G W.The construction and development of the underground gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2000,19(3):1-8.
[6]李建中,李奇,胥洪成.盐穴地下储气库气密封检测技术[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):90-95.LI J Z,LI Q,XU H C.Sealing testing techniques of underground gas storage based on salt caverns[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(5):90-95.
[7]胡开君,巴金红,王成林.盐穴储气库造腔井油水界面位置控制方法[J].石油化工应用,2014,33(5):59-61.HU K J,BA J H,WANG C L.The controlling of the oil-water interface in salt gas storage leaching well[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2014,33(5):59-61.
[8]孔令峰,赵忠勋,赵炳刚,等.利用深层煤炭地下气化技术建设煤穴储气库的可行性研究[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):99-107.KONG L F,ZHAO Z X,ZHAO B G,et al.Feasibility analysis on rebuilding coal-mine gas storage by using underground coal gasification(UCG)technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):99-107.
[9]郭凯,李建君,郑贤斌.盐穴储气库造腔过程夹层处理工艺--以西气东输金坛储气库为例[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):162-166.GUO K,LI J J,ZHENG X B.Interlayer treatment process in cavity building for salt cavern gas storage-A case study of Jintan Gas Storage of West-to-East Gas Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):162-166.
[10]刘继芹,焦雨佳,李建君,等.盐穴储气库回溶造腔技术研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(5):122-128.LIU J Q,JIAO Y J,LI J J,et al.Back-leaching technology in the construction of underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,38(5):122-128.
[11]齐得山,李建君,赵岩,等.金坛盐穴储气库精细造腔腔体体积优化[J].油气储运,2018,37(6):633-638.QI D S,LI J J,ZHAO Y,et al.The cavity volume optimization of fine cavity building in Jintan Salt-Cavern Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(6):633-638.
[12]张刚雄,李彬,郑得文,等.中国地下储气库业务面临的挑战及对策建议[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):153-159.ZHANG G X,LI B,ZHENG D W,et al.Challenges to and proposals for underground gas storage(UGS)business in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):153-159.
[13]杨海军,于胜男.金坛地下储气库盐腔偏溶与井斜的关系[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):145-149.YANG H J,YU S N.Relationship between salt cavern partial melting and well deviation of Jintan Underground Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):145-149.
[14]李建君,王立东,刘春,等.金坛盐穴储气库腔体畸变影响因素[J].油气储运,2014,33(3):269-273.LI J J,WANG L D,LIU C,et al.Factors affecting cavities distortion of Jintan Salt Cavern Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(3):269-273.
[15]杨春和,李银平,陈锋.层状盐岩力学理论与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:31-40.YANG C H,LI Y P,CHEN F.Mechanics theory and engineering of bedded salt rock[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:31-40.
[16]袁光杰,班凡生,赵志成.盐穴储气库夹层破坏机理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(3):675-679.YUAN G J,BAN F S,ZHAO Z C.Study on collapsing mechanism of interlayer in salt caverns gas storage[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(3):675-679.
[17]施锡林,李银平,杨春和,等.卤水浸泡对泥质夹层抗拉强度影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2301-2308.SHI X L,LI Y P,YANG C H,et al.Test study of influence of brine on tensile strength of muddy intercalation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2301-2308.
[18]施锡林,李银平,杨春和,等.盐穴储气库水溶造腔夹层垮塌力学机制研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3615-3620.SHI X L,LI Y P,YANG C H,et al.Research on mechanical mechanism of interlayer collapse in solution mining for salt cavern gas storage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3615-3620.
[19]李银平,杨春和,屈丹安,等.盐穴储油(气)库水溶造腔管柱动力特性初探[J].岩土力学,2012,33(3):681-686.LI Y P,YANG C H,QU D A,et al.Preliminary study of dynamic characteristics of tubing string for solution mining of oil/gas storage salt caverns[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(3):681-686.
[20]李银平,葛鑫博,王兵武,等.盐穴地下储气库水溶造腔管柱的动力稳定性试验研究[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):81-87.LI Y P,GE X B,WANG B W,et al.Dynamic stability tests on tubing string for solution mining of a salt cavern UGS[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(7):81-87.
[21]郑东波,黄孟云,夏焱,等.盐穴储气库造腔管柱损坏机理研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2016,18(2):90-93.ZHENG D B,HUANG M Y,XIA Y,et al.The damage mechanism of cavity string in salt cavern gas storages[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,18(2):90-93.
[22]杨海军,李建君,王晓刚,等.盐穴储气库注采运行过程中的腔体形状检测[J].石油化工应用,2014,33(2):23-25.YANG H J,LI J J,WANG X G,et al.Shape survey of underground salt cavern gas storage during operation[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2014,33(2):23-25.
[23]杨海军,霍永胜,李光,等.TJ盐穴地下储气库注采气运行动态分析[J].石油化工应用,2010,29(9):61-65.YANG H J,HUO Y S,LI G,et al.Dynamic analysis of injection-production operation of TJ Gas Storage[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2010,29(9):61-65.
[24]杨海军,郭凯,李建君.盐穴储气库单腔长期注采运行分析及注采压力区间优化--以金坛盐穴储气库西2井腔体为例[J].油气储运,2015,34(9):945-950.YANG H J,GUO K,LI J J.Analysis on long-term operation and interval optimization of pressure for single cavity injection/production in underground salt cavern gas storage-Taking the cavity of Well Xi-2 in salt cavern gas storage in Jintan as an example[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(9):945-950.
[25]金虓,夏焱,袁光杰,等.盐穴地下储气库排卤管柱盐结晶影响因素实验研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4):130-134.JIN X,XIA Y,YUAN G J,et al.An experimental study on the influencing factors of salt crystal in brine discharge strings of a salt-cavern underground gas storage(UGS)[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):130-134.