巴西足球中的种族困境与自愈
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摘要
分析巴西足球业余时期、职业化初期以及职业化时代3个发展阶段的种族困境与自愈,解读足球在巴西社会已不单单是一项体育运动,而是巴西社会的一个缩影和巴西文化的一种代表。研究认为:在业余足球时期,巴西社会原有的种族困境在足球世界中获得一次自愈的机会,巴西足球也因此进入发展期,足球更加大众化并开始国际化。然而种族困境并没有因此而消失,而是再次出现在足球世界中,但在客观上推动了巴西足球的职业化。在职业化初期,具有巴西特色的桑巴足球与足球文化日渐成熟,足球的发展与社会的变迁更加交融,足球文化成为巴西社会文化的一种代表。在职业化时代,巴西足球的种族困境再次显露,而种族困境如何在职业化时代获得自愈甚至实现跨越,将是巴西足球发展的关键。只有突破这一瓶颈,巴西才能真正成为足球王国。
The author analyzed race predicament and self healing in Brazilian football at such 3 development stages as amateur period, professionalization initial period and professionalization age, and interpreted that football in Brazilian society is no longer just a sport, but a miniature of Brazilian society and a representative of Brazilian culture.The author put forward the following opinions: in the amateur football period, the original race predicament in Brazilian society got a chance for self healing for the first time in the football world, Brazilian football entered into the development period hence, Brazilian football was more popular and started internationalization; however, race predicament did not disappear hence, but reappeared in the football world, yet boosted Brazilian football professionalization objectively; in the professionalization initial period, Samba football and football culture with Brazilian features matured gradually, football development fused more with social changes, football culture became a representative of Brazilian culture; in the professionalization age, the race predicament of Brazilian football appeared again;and that how race predicament gets self healing or even realizes a crossing leap, will be a key point of Brazilian football development; only by breaking through such a bottleneck can Brazil truly become the kingdom of football.
The author analyzed race predicament and self healing in Brazilian football at such 3 development stages as amateur period, professionalization initial period and professionalization age, and interpreted that football in Brazilian society is no longer just a sport, but a miniature of Brazilian society and a representative of Brazilian culture.The author put forward the following opinions: in the amateur football period, the original race predicament in Brazilian society got a chance for self healing for the first time in the football world, Brazilian football entered into the development period hence, Brazilian football was more popular and started internationalization; however, race predicament did not disappear hence, but reappeared in the football world, yet boosted Brazilian football professionalization objectively; in the professionalization initial period, Samba football and football culture with Brazilian features matured gradually, football development fused more with social changes, football culture became a representative of Brazilian culture; in the professionalization age, the race predicament of Brazilian football appeared again;and that how race predicament gets self healing or even realizes a crossing leap, will be a key point of Brazilian football development; only by breaking through such a bottleneck can Brazil truly become the kingdom of football.
引文
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[3]亚历克斯·贝洛斯.足球:巴西人的生活方式[M].南京:译林出版社,2006.
[4]NOROHA C A M.Lima Barreto entre lutas de representa??o da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX[M].Feira de Santana:Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana,2009.
[5]CALDAS W.O pontapéinicial:Memória do futebol Brasileiro(1894-1933)[M].S?o Paulo:Institui??o Brasileria de difus?o cultural LTDA,1989.
[6]JAMES H F,EITZEN D S.Sport and society[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1991(17):153.
[7]ROBERT M L.Sport and society:The case of Brazilian futebol[J].Luso-Brazilian Review,1980,17(2):241.
[8]史上第一盘带之魔一生唯一一败:“小鸟”加林查[EB/OL].[2018-06-16].http://2006.sina.com.cn/h/legends/373.shtml.
[9]尚成,孙喜峰.当代巴西足球法律规制介评[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(5):603-605.