摘要
利用ARCGIS对天津市西青区的高精度地理信息数据、排水设施和排水方式进行预处理,以西青区下垫面和明渠河道的水流运动为模拟对象,建立天津市西青区中小河流暴雨洪涝仿真模型。以区内14条二级河道的水位变化作为模型的动态侧边界条件,针对2016年7月20日的大暴雨过程,设计了4个模拟方案,对河道高水位及暴雨造成的洪涝淹没过程进行评估,并将模拟结果与实际调查内涝灾情进行对比,结果表明,模型可以较客观地反映暴雨和河道水位变化对城镇造成的内涝灾害情况。
According to the topography,geomorphology,middle and small rivers,drainage system of Xiqing District in Tianjin,a rainstorm and flood disaster simulation model of small-and medium-sized rivers in Xiqing District of Tianjin is established. The objects of the simulating model are the geomorphology and flow movement of open channels.Using the boundary condition of the model based on the dynamic water levels in 14 secondary rivers,an operational experiment for the risk assessment of flood and waterlog disasters in Xiqing District is carried out.The rainstorm and flood disaster simulation model is used in the experimental research for the rainstorm and flood disaster caused by the rainstorm on 20 July2016.Four simulation schemes are designed to evaluate the waterlog process caused by the high water level and rainstorm.These simulation results are directly used in contrasting and assessing the actual disaster caused by the rainstorm on 20 July 2016.The experiment results indicate that the model can objectively reflect the waterlog disaster caused by the rainstorm and the river water level variation.
引文
[1]王宗信.中国气象灾害大典.天津卷[M].北京:气象出版社,2008:1-60.
[2]马亚玲.海河流域1917年和1939年洪涝灾害过程重建及对比分析[D].北京:北京师范大学,2016.
[3]方修琦,马亚玲,李屹凯,等.1917年海河流域洪涝灾害的社会响应过程[J].灾害学,2017,32(3):1-6.
[4]Halwatura D,Najim M M M.Application of the HEC-HMSmodel for runoff simulation in a tropical catchment[J].Environmental Modeling&Software,2013,46(6):155-162.
[5]谢五三,田红,卢燕宇,等.基于FloodArea模型的大通河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(4):384-387.
[6]施露,董增川,付晓花,等.MikeFlood在中小河流洪涝风险分析中的应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(4):351-358.
[7]解以扬,李大鸣,李培彦,等.城市暴雨内涝数学模型的研究与应用[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):384 390.
[8]解以扬,韩素芹,由立宏,等.天津市暴雨内涝灾害风险分析[J].气象科学,2004,24(3):342-349.
[9]Li Daming,Zhang Hongping.Basic theory and mathematical modeling of urban rainstorm water logging[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,16(1):17-27.
[10]肖启华,张建新,黄冬梅.城市风暴潮灾害快速评估的模糊决策方法[J].灾害学,201l,26(2):77-80.
[11]王建鹏,金丽娜,薛荣,等.基于加权综合法的西安城市内涝灾害区划分析[J].气象科技,2012,40(6):1056-1060.
[12]陈靖,解以扬,张容焱,等.基于暴雨内涝模型的莆田沿海地区风暴潮灾害评估[J].气象科技,2017,45(2):390-397.
[13]段丽瑶,解以扬,陈靖,等.基于城市内涝仿真模型的天津风暴潮灾害评估[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(3):354-359.
[14]雷蕾,孙继松,何娜,等.“7.20”华北特大暴雨过程中低涡发展演变机制研究[J].气象学报,2017,75(5):685-699.
[15]陈靖,解以扬,东高红,等.雷达雨量计联合估算降水在城市内涝模型中的应用[J].气象科技,2015,43(5):866-873.