γ-聚谷氨酸对土壤结构、养分平衡及菠菜产量的影响
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摘要
通过盆栽试验研究了土壤增施γ-PGA(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%)对土壤团聚结构、土壤养分平衡、菠菜产量与经济效益的影响。结果表明:随γ-PGA施量增加,水稳性团聚体(WR0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均显著增大,而团聚体破坏率(PAD)与分形维数(D)均减小,说明γ-PGA对改善土壤团聚结构具有显著的效果;随γ-PGA施量的增加,菠菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量减少,土壤养分残留量与盈余量增加,养分表观损失量减小;5组处理中,0.1%施量的土壤养分平衡状况最优,0.4%施量对作物养分吸收与土壤养分的平衡产生负效应;菠菜产量及经济效益均随γ-PGA施量增加而显著减小,0.4%施量时较未施γ-PGA减产42.98%;菠菜经济效益拟合结果表明γ-PGA在0～0.1%施量范围内菠菜获利高于不施加γ-PGA处理。综上,0.1%施量对改善土壤结构与养分状况、促进作物增产及作物养分吸收效果较优,这对进一步将γ-PGA应用于实际生产中提供了理论参考。
The effects ofγ-PGA(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%and 0.4%)application on soil agglomeration structure,soil nutrient balance,spinach yield and economic benefit were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that with the increasing ofγ-PGA application rate,the water-stable aggregates(WR0.25),the average weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)increased,while the agglomerate destruction rate(PAD)and the fractal dimension(D)decreased,which indicated thatγ-PGA had a significant effect on improving soil agglomeration structure.With the increasing ofγ-PGA application rate,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by spinach decreased,while soil nutrient residue and surplus amount increased,and the apparent loss of nutrients decreased.Among the five treatments,the soil nutrient balance condition of the 0.1%application treatment was the best,while the 0.4%application rate had a negative effect on crop nutrient absorption and soil nutrient balance.Spinach yield and economic benefit decreased significantly with the increasing ofγ-PGA application rate,and the yield in 0.4%application treatment decreased by 42.98%compared with the control(field without addingγ-PGA).The fitting results of the spinach economic benefits showed that the profit of the treatment applicated 0 ～ 0.1% γ-PGA was higher than that of the treatment withoutγ-PGA.In summary,the 0.1% application rate was better for improving soil structure and nutrient balance,promoting crop yield and crop nutrient absorption,which provided a theoretical reference for the further application ofγ-PGA in actual production.
The effects ofγ-PGA(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%and 0.4%)application on soil agglomeration structure,soil nutrient balance,spinach yield and economic benefit were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that with the increasing ofγ-PGA application rate,the water-stable aggregates(WR0.25),the average weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)increased,while the agglomerate destruction rate(PAD)and the fractal dimension(D)decreased,which indicated thatγ-PGA had a significant effect on improving soil agglomeration structure.With the increasing ofγ-PGA application rate,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by spinach decreased,while soil nutrient residue and surplus amount increased,and the apparent loss of nutrients decreased.Among the five treatments,the soil nutrient balance condition of the 0.1%application treatment was the best,while the 0.4%application rate had a negative effect on crop nutrient absorption and soil nutrient balance.Spinach yield and economic benefit decreased significantly with the increasing ofγ-PGA application rate,and the yield in 0.4%application treatment decreased by 42.98%compared with the control(field without addingγ-PGA).The fitting results of the spinach economic benefits showed that the profit of the treatment applicated 0 ～ 0.1% γ-PGA was higher than that of the treatment withoutγ-PGA.In summary,the 0.1% application rate was better for improving soil structure and nutrient balance,promoting crop yield and crop nutrient absorption,which provided a theoretical reference for the further application ofγ-PGA in actual production.
引文
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[21]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[22]崔英德,郭建维,阎文峰,等.SA-IP-SPS型保水剂及其对土壤物理性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(1):28-31.
[23]李杨.保水剂与肥料及土壤的互作机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012:118-119.
[24]黄巧义,唐拴虎,李苹,等.包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1645-1654.
[2]史文娟,梁嘉平,陶汪海,等.添加γ-聚谷氨酸减少土壤水分深层渗漏提高持水能力[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):94-100.
[3] Bajaj I,Singhal R.Poly(glutamic acid).A emerging biopolymer of commercial interest[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5551-5561.
[4] Ogunleye A,Bhat A,Irorere V U,et al.Poly-γ-glutamic acid:Production,properties and applications[J].Microbiology,2015,161(1):1-17.
[5]张宸.聚谷氨酸生物的合成及其在修复和改良土壤中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(2):323-328.
[6]马征,姚海燕,张柏松,等.保水剂对黏质潮土团聚体分布、稳定性及玉米养分积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):221-226.
[7]侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.保水剂施用量对旱作土壤理化性质及马铃薯生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):325-330.
[8] Chen H,Zhen W U,Liu M.Analysis of water absorptivity and retention properties of different water retaining agents[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(1):201-206.
[9]左广玲,叶红勇,杜朝军,等.大豆秸秆基保水剂对南阳烟田土壤物理性状及烟叶生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):15-19.
[10]李继成.保水剂—土壤—肥料的相互作用机制及作物效应研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[11] Zhang L,Yang X M,Gao D C,et al.Effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA)on plant growth and its distribution in a controlled plant-soil system[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):e6090.
[12]褚群,董春娟,尚庆茂.γ-聚谷氨酸对番茄穴盘育苗基质矿质养分供应及幼苗生长发育的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):855-862.
[13]曾路生,石元亮,卢宗云,等.新型聚氨酸增效剂对蔬菜生长和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(31):168-173.
[14]曾健,费良军,陈琳,等.添加γ-聚谷氨酸对土壤结构及持水特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):217-224.
[15]吴军虎,陶汪海,王海洋,等.羧甲基纤维素钠对土壤团粒结构及水分运动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):117-123.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999:49-106.
[17]栗丽,洪坚平,王宏庭,等.施氮与灌水对夏玉米土壤硝态氮积累、氮素平衡及其利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1358-1365.
[18]寇长林,巨晓棠,张福锁.3种集约化种植体系氮素平衡及其对地下水硝酸盐含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):660-667.
[19]黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):490-497.
[20]王秀颖,高晓飞,刘和平,等.土壤水稳性大团聚体测定方法综述[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(3):106-113.
[21]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[22]崔英德,郭建维,阎文峰,等.SA-IP-SPS型保水剂及其对土壤物理性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(1):28-31.
[23]李杨.保水剂与肥料及土壤的互作机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012:118-119.
[24]黄巧义,唐拴虎,李苹,等.包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1645-1654.