基于质量和数量方法的不同粒径土壤团聚体水稳性评价
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摘要
【目的】研究湿筛后不同粒径土壤团聚体质量和数量分布特征以及水稳性,为土壤结构的改良提供科学依据。【方法】以黄土丘陵区不同撂荒年限(7,14和34年)的草地和坡耕地土壤(对照,CK)为研究对象,从质量和数量的角度探讨了不同恢复年限和不同粒径土壤团聚体湿筛后粒径分布特征,选取粒径大于0.25mm团聚体含量(R0.25)以及平均质量直径(MWD)2个指标评价不同粒径团聚体的水稳性。【结果】(1)随着植被恢复年限的延长,土壤中粒径>1mm的团聚体质量分数增加,粒径为0.25～1mm的团聚体质量分数增加不明显;团聚体数量与质量变化规律一致,但数量变化量随粒径减小而成倍的增加。(2)不同粒径土壤团聚体湿筛后,粒径<0.25mm微团聚体的质量分数最高;团聚体数量则表现为随粒径的减小而成倍增加。(3)当粒径为0.25～5mm时,随着粒径的增大,土壤团聚体的水稳性降低,其中粒径2～5mm团聚体的水稳性最差。(4)当粒径为0.25～5mm时,有机质含量随粒径的减小呈增加趋势,各粒径团聚体有机质含量与MWD减小比例呈负相关,与R0.25呈正相关。【结论】用数量方法评价团聚体分布特征的结果与用质量方法评价的结果存在差异,小粒径团聚体的水稳性更强。
【Objective】The particle-size distribution characteristics and water stability of soil aggregates with different particle-sizes after wet sieve were explored to provide basis for the improvement of soil structure.【Method】Grassland and slope farmland(control,CK)at different abandonment ages(7,14 and34 years)in Loess Hilly Region were chosen to study the distribution characteristics of the different restoration years and different particle-size aggregates after wet sieve.The water stability was evaluated basedon macro-aggregate content(R0.25)and mean weight diameter(MWD).【Result】(1)With the increase of vegetation restoration time,the mass fraction of>1 mm macro-aggregate increased while the mass fraction of 0.25-1 mm aggregate increased inconspicuously in soil.The change of the number of aggregates was consistent with the quality,but the amount of change increased multiply with the decrease of particle-size.(2)Soil aggregates with different particle-sizes after wet sieve,the content of<0.25 mm micro-aggregate was the highest.The number of aggregates increased multiply with the decrease of particle-size.(3)In the range of 0.25-5 mm particle-size,the water stability of soil aggregates decreased with the increase of particle-size,and 2-5 mm aggregate had the worst water stability.(4)In the range of 0.25-5 mm,the organic matter content tended to increase with the decrease of particle-size.There was negative correlation between the content of organic matter and MWDreduce rate,while the content of organic matter had positive correlation with R0.25.【Conclusion】The evaluation of distribution characteristic of soil aggregates with quantity was different from the quality.Soil aggregates with smaller size had stronger water stability.
【Objective】The particle-size distribution characteristics and water stability of soil aggregates with different particle-sizes after wet sieve were explored to provide basis for the improvement of soil structure.【Method】Grassland and slope farmland(control,CK)at different abandonment ages(7,14 and34 years)in Loess Hilly Region were chosen to study the distribution characteristics of the different restoration years and different particle-size aggregates after wet sieve.The water stability was evaluated basedon macro-aggregate content(R0.25)and mean weight diameter(MWD).【Result】(1)With the increase of vegetation restoration time,the mass fraction of>1 mm macro-aggregate increased while the mass fraction of 0.25-1 mm aggregate increased inconspicuously in soil.The change of the number of aggregates was consistent with the quality,but the amount of change increased multiply with the decrease of particle-size.(2)Soil aggregates with different particle-sizes after wet sieve,the content of<0.25 mm micro-aggregate was the highest.The number of aggregates increased multiply with the decrease of particle-size.(3)In the range of 0.25-5 mm particle-size,the water stability of soil aggregates decreased with the increase of particle-size,and 2-5 mm aggregate had the worst water stability.(4)In the range of 0.25-5 mm,the organic matter content tended to increase with the decrease of particle-size.There was negative correlation between the content of organic matter and MWDreduce rate,while the content of organic matter had positive correlation with R0.25.【Conclusion】The evaluation of distribution characteristic of soil aggregates with quantity was different from the quality.Soil aggregates with smaller size had stronger water stability.
引文
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[7]杨宁,邹冬生,付美云,等.紫色土丘陵坡地恢复中土壤团聚体特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(9):2361-2368.Yang N,Zou D S,Fu M Y,et al.Properties of soil aggregates in purple soils during re-vegetation on sloping land in relation to soil characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(9):2361-2368.
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[9]檀文炳,周力平,刘克新.基于土壤团聚体组分的14 C分析及其在不同林龄土壤有机碳周转研究中的应用[J].科学通报,2013,58(14):1354-1366.Tan W B,Zhou L P,Liu K X.Soil aggregate fraction-based 14Canalysis and its application in the study of soil organic matter turnover under forests of different ages[J].Chin Sci Bull,2013,58(14):1354-1366.
[10]薛箑,刘国彬,戴全厚,等.不同植被恢复模式对黄土丘陵区侵蚀土壤微生物量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):20-27.Xue S,Liu G B,Dai Q H,et al.Effect of different vegetation restoration models on soil microbial biomass in eroded Hilly Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2007,22(1):20-27.
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[14]程曼,朱秋莲,刘雷,等.宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体水稳定及有机碳粒径分布的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2835-2844.Cheng M,Zhu Q L,Liu L,et al.Effects of vegetation on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon sequestration in the Ningxia Loess Hilly Region of northwest China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(9):2835-2844.
[15]陈文媛,徐学选,华瑞,等.黄土丘陵区林草退耕年限对土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1486-1492.Chen W Y,Xu X X,Hua R,et al.Effects of forestlands and grasslands on soil aggregates under different vegetation restoration ages in loess hilly Region[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(4):1486-1492.
[16]卢金伟,李占斌.土壤团聚体研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1):81-85.Lu J W,Li Z B.Advance in soil aggregate study[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(1):81-85.
[17]王清奎,汪思龙.土壤团聚体形成与稳定机制及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):415-421.Wang Q K,Wang S L.Forming and stable mechanism of soil aggregate and influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(3):415-421.
[18]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.Li J L,Jiang C S,Hao Q J.Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun Mountain[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[19]刘威,张国英,张静,等.2种保护性耕作措施对农田土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):117-122.Liu W,Zhang G Y,Zhang J,et al.Effect of two conservation tillage measures on soil aggregate stability[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):117-122.
[20]张曼夏,季猛,李伟,等.土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及其结合有机碳的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(4):598-604.Zhang M X,Ji M,Li W,et al.Effect of land use patterns on soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2013,19(4):598-604.
[21]陈恩凤,关连珠,汪景宽,等.土壤特征微团聚体的组成比例与肥力评价[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):49-53.Chen E F,Guan L Z,Wang J K,et al.Compositional proportion of soil characteristic microaggregates and soil fertility evaluation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(1):49-53.
[22]邱莉萍,张兴昌,张晋爱.黄土高原长期培肥土壤团聚体中养分和酶的分布[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):364-372.Qiu L P,Zhang X C,Zhang J A.Distribution of nutrients and enzymes in Loess Plateau soil aggregates after long-term fertilization[J].Acta Ecilogica Sinica,2006,26(2):364-372.
[23]马瑞萍,安韶山,党延辉,等.黄土高原不同植物群落土壤团聚体中有机碳和酶活性研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):104-113.Ma R P,An S S,Dang Y H,et al.Soil organic carbon and enzymatic activity in aggregates of soils under different plant communities in hilly-gully of Loess Plateau[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):104-113.
[24]李景,吴会军,武雪萍,等.长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):378-386.Li J,Wu H J,Wu X P,et al.Impact of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate formation and aggregate organic carbon contents[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(2):378-386.
[25]刘中良,宇万太,周桦,等.长期施肥对土壤团聚体分布和养分含量的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(5):720-728.Liu Z L,Yu W T,Zhou H,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on aggregate size distribution and nutrient content[J].Soils,2011,43(5):720-728.
[2]Yoder R E.A direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses[J].Journal of the American Society of Agronomy,1936,28:337-351.
[3]Dexter A R.Advances in characterization of soil structure[J].Soil&Tillage Research,1988,11(3/4):199-238.
[4]于寒青,李勇,金发会,等.黄土高原植被恢复提高大于0.25mm粒径水稳性团聚体在土壤增碳中的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):876-883.Yu H Q,Li Y,Jin F H,et al.The role of increasing soil waterstable aggregates with diameter>0.25mm by vegetation restoration in enhancement of soil organic carbon in the Loess Plateau[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):876-883.
[5]陈晓芬,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):950-960.Chen X F,Li Z P,Liu M,et al.Effects of different fertilizations on organic carbon and nitrogen contents in water-stable aggregates and microbial biomass content in paddy soil of subtropical China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(5):950-960.
[6]Huang S,Peng X X,Huang Q R,et al.Soil aggregation and organic carbon fractions affected by long-term fertilization in a red soil of subtropical China[J].Geoderma,2010,154(3):364-369.
[7]杨宁,邹冬生,付美云,等.紫色土丘陵坡地恢复中土壤团聚体特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(9):2361-2368.Yang N,Zou D S,Fu M Y,et al.Properties of soil aggregates in purple soils during re-vegetation on sloping land in relation to soil characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(9):2361-2368.
[8]Edwards A P,Bremner J M.Microaggregates in soils[J].Soil Science,1967,18:64-73.
[9]檀文炳,周力平,刘克新.基于土壤团聚体组分的14 C分析及其在不同林龄土壤有机碳周转研究中的应用[J].科学通报,2013,58(14):1354-1366.Tan W B,Zhou L P,Liu K X.Soil aggregate fraction-based 14Canalysis and its application in the study of soil organic matter turnover under forests of different ages[J].Chin Sci Bull,2013,58(14):1354-1366.
[10]薛箑,刘国彬,戴全厚,等.不同植被恢复模式对黄土丘陵区侵蚀土壤微生物量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):20-27.Xue S,Liu G B,Dai Q H,et al.Effect of different vegetation restoration models on soil microbial biomass in eroded Hilly Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2007,22(1):20-27.
[11]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.Soil Physics Research Laboratory,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analytical methods of soil physical properties[M].Beijing:The Science Publishing Company,1978.
[12]王秀颖,高晓飞,刘和平,等.土壤水稳性大团聚体测定方法综述[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(3):106-113.Wang X Y,Gao X F,Liu H P,et al.Review of analytical methods for aggregate size distribution and water-stability of soil macro-aggregates[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,9(3):106-113.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Soil agro-chemistrical analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[14]程曼,朱秋莲,刘雷,等.宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体水稳定及有机碳粒径分布的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2835-2844.Cheng M,Zhu Q L,Liu L,et al.Effects of vegetation on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon sequestration in the Ningxia Loess Hilly Region of northwest China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(9):2835-2844.
[15]陈文媛,徐学选,华瑞,等.黄土丘陵区林草退耕年限对土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1486-1492.Chen W Y,Xu X X,Hua R,et al.Effects of forestlands and grasslands on soil aggregates under different vegetation restoration ages in loess hilly Region[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(4):1486-1492.
[16]卢金伟,李占斌.土壤团聚体研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1):81-85.Lu J W,Li Z B.Advance in soil aggregate study[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(1):81-85.
[17]王清奎,汪思龙.土壤团聚体形成与稳定机制及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):415-421.Wang Q K,Wang S L.Forming and stable mechanism of soil aggregate and influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(3):415-421.
[18]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.Li J L,Jiang C S,Hao Q J.Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun Mountain[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[19]刘威,张国英,张静,等.2种保护性耕作措施对农田土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):117-122.Liu W,Zhang G Y,Zhang J,et al.Effect of two conservation tillage measures on soil aggregate stability[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):117-122.
[20]张曼夏,季猛,李伟,等.土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及其结合有机碳的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(4):598-604.Zhang M X,Ji M,Li W,et al.Effect of land use patterns on soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2013,19(4):598-604.
[21]陈恩凤,关连珠,汪景宽,等.土壤特征微团聚体的组成比例与肥力评价[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):49-53.Chen E F,Guan L Z,Wang J K,et al.Compositional proportion of soil characteristic microaggregates and soil fertility evaluation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(1):49-53.
[22]邱莉萍,张兴昌,张晋爱.黄土高原长期培肥土壤团聚体中养分和酶的分布[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):364-372.Qiu L P,Zhang X C,Zhang J A.Distribution of nutrients and enzymes in Loess Plateau soil aggregates after long-term fertilization[J].Acta Ecilogica Sinica,2006,26(2):364-372.
[23]马瑞萍,安韶山,党延辉,等.黄土高原不同植物群落土壤团聚体中有机碳和酶活性研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):104-113.Ma R P,An S S,Dang Y H,et al.Soil organic carbon and enzymatic activity in aggregates of soils under different plant communities in hilly-gully of Loess Plateau[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):104-113.
[24]李景,吴会军,武雪萍,等.长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):378-386.Li J,Wu H J,Wu X P,et al.Impact of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate formation and aggregate organic carbon contents[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(2):378-386.
[25]刘中良,宇万太,周桦,等.长期施肥对土壤团聚体分布和养分含量的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(5):720-728.Liu Z L,Yu W T,Zhou H,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on aggregate size distribution and nutrient content[J].Soils,2011,43(5):720-728.